Assessment of the Curative Potency of Some Plant Materials on Cowpea seeds with Established Infestation of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricus)(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

An investigation into the possibility of plant materials affording quick and practicable control where pest populations are approaching economic threshold was carried out in the laboratory. The leaves, barks or seed powders of ten locally available plants, which have been reported to have insecticidal activity on storage pests, were screened to evaluate their curative efficacy relative to a conventional storage chemical, Actellic 2 % dust (Pirimiphos – methyl), as protectants of stored cowpea with established infestation. The cowpea was infested with bruchids 5 weeks before the administration of the test materials and after the emergence of the first filial generation. Each plant material was tested at three rates (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g/100.0 g seed). Actellic was applied at the rate of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g/100.0 g seed. The treatments were replicated thrice. Seeds not treated with the test materials served as the control. Data were collected weekly over a 10 – week period on adult emergence, percentage adult mortality and seed damage. The seed damage data were used to estimate the weevil perforation index (WPI). The most effective materials and Actellic 2 % dust only gave marginal protection. At week 10 of the experiment, Moringa oleifera, Piper guineense and Ocimum gratissimum had WPI of 46.7 %, 46.7 % and 50.0 %, respectively at their highest rates of application. Though Actellic dust effected higher mortality of the insects, it could hardly protect seeds that were already heavily infested with only 50% WPI at the highest rate (3.0 g/100 g seed). Key Words: Callosobruchus maculatus, Curative, Plant Materials, Progeny, Weevil Perforation Index (WPI)

Hysterectomies pattern at a tertiary healthcare center, northern Nigeria

Background: The uterus is an important female genital organ for menstrual and reproductive functions. However, there are various gynecologic and obstetric indications for carrying out hysterectomy.Objectives: To determine the indications and the patterns of hysterectomies done at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria Nigeria.Materials and Methods: 5‑year retrospective descriptive study on patients who had hysterectomy done from 2011 to 2015.Results: The age range of the patients was 2–70 years with a mean of 48.6 ± 8.8 years. Hysterectomies constituted 19.3% of total gynecology surgeries done during the same period. Of these total abdominal hysterectomy 144 (87.8%) was the most common, next was vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair 13 (7.9%), and then subtotal hysterectomy was 7 (4.3%). The most common indication for total abdominal hysterectomy was multiple uterine fibroids, a benign uterine tumor.Conclusion: Hysterectomy is a common gynecological surgery which may be used to treat benign uterine pathologies, especially when there is no more desire for conception. It could also be lifesaving in uncontrollable postpartum hemorrhage as well as malignant pelvic organ pathologies, especially in early stages.Keywords: Gynecological surgery; hysterectomy, pattern; uterine fibroid

Knowledge, practice and acceptability of HPV vaccine by mothers of adolescent girls in Ilorin, Nigeria

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted cause of carcinoma of the cervix. An important determinant of the success of a primary preventive strategy like HPV vaccination is the knowledge and willingness of parents to vaccinate adolescents before sexual debut. Materials and methods of study: A cross sectional descriptive survey of mothers of girls in 8 secondary schools in Ilorin was carried out from February to April 2015. Schools were selected using multi staged sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with Chi Square and ANOVA. Results: There were 470 questionnaires returned for analysis out of 600, giving a response rate of 78.3%. One hundred and sixty-one (34.3%) knew HPV to be sexually transmitted infection and 40.4% knew it was the cause of cervical cancer. While 35.1% were aware of HPV vaccine, only 1.9% had ever vaccinated their children.Less than half (44.9%) were willing to vaccinate their children. Women with good knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer were more willing to vaccinate their children than women with poor knowledge (P <0.001). Conclusion: There is poor knowledge of HPV and practice of vaccination among mothers in llorin. Willingness of mothers to vaccinate their daughters is suboptimal. Mother’s knowledge is an important determinant of HPV vaccination of adolescents

Ovarian Pregnancy Presenting as Ovarian Tumour: Report of 2 Cases

We present 2 cases of ovarian masses diagnosed as tumours but turned out to be pregnancy. Ovarian pregnancy, a form of ectopic gestation has a distinct pathology though it can be a source of diagnostic difficulty clinically and intraoperatively. A total of 71 ectopic pregnancies were seen in the department from January 2001 to December 2005, of these only two were ovarian ectopics. Both patients were nulliparous and presented with lower abdominal pains, abdominal masses and menstrual irregularity. They both had laparotomy and total right salpingo-oophorectomy. Grossly, the ovaries were enlarged, grey tan and globular. Focal ruptures in the wall of the ovaries showed protruding fetal parts. Microscopy showed chorionic villi within and in continuity with ovarian stroma and corpus luteum. They were both diagnosed ovarian ectopics. A good knowledge and understanding of the gross pathology, combination of imaging studies and high index of suspicion should help in making an intra-operative diagnosis.Nous pr\ue9sentons deux cas de masse ovariennes diagnostiques cliniquement comme des tumeurs mais apr\ue8s histologiquement ce sont r\ue9v\ue8les \ueatre des grossesses ectopiques. Les grossesses ovariennes, une forme de grossesse ectopique as une pathologie distincte est es difficilement diagnostiqu\ue9e cliniquement. Un total de 71 grossesses ectopiques a \ue9t\ue9 vues au D\ue9partement de Pathologie entre Janvier 2001 et D\ue9cembre 2005. Deux grossesses \ue9taient des grossesses ovariennes. Les deux patientes \ue9taient nullipares et ce sont pr\ue9sent\ue9es avec des douleurs au bas ventre, des tumeurs abdominales et des menstruations irr\ue9guli\ue8res. Les deux ont eu une exploration abdominale suivie d'une salpingoovarectomie. Anatomiquement, les ovaires \ue9taient, gris, globulaire, et hypertrophier. Des ruptures de la paroi ovaire montrait des protrusions d'\ue9l\ue9ments foetal. Histologiquement les ovaires ont r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9s les villosit\ue9s chorioniques dans et en continuit\ue9 avec le stroma ovarien et le corpus luteum. Les deux ovaires ont \ue9taient diagnostiqu\ue9s comme grossesse ovarienne. Une bonne connaissance et un bon entendement de l'anatomie-pathologie, une combinaison de l'imagerie et un fort taux de suspicion aide a faire un diagnostique clinique

Bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys: Case report

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital, non-heritable maldevelopment in which the renal cortex is replaced by numerous cysts of varying sizes. Typically, MCDK is a unilateral disorder in 76% of cases and bilateral in 24%. The latter is incompatible with life. We present the case of a male child with bilateral MCDK who was followed up with ultrasound scan (USS) from 22nd week of intrauterine life till death on the 19th day after delivery. Serial antenatal USS revealed oligohydramnios and both kidneys showed multiple cysts which appeared to be communicating. Postnatal USS however, revealed multiple sub-cortical thin walled cysts of varying sizes which apparently appeared to be communicating. A diagnosis of bilateral MCDK was made and was confirmed at autopsy

Congenital Gastric Outlet Obstruction and Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis: A Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of a Case with Hydrothorax and Ascites

A case of a male fetus with sonographic diagnosis of hydrops fetalis at 19-week gestation is reported. The fetus had anasarca, bilateral massive pleural effusion, and ascites, in addition to cardiac arrhythmia and congenital gastric outlet obstruction. Mother's clinical history and laboratory workup excluded immune hydrops. The etiological dilemma and fetal outcome are discussed. We concluded, based on this case, that when fetal hydrops occurs early and is associated with multiple congenital anomalies, prolonging the pregnancy may be futile

Strengthening retinopathy of prematurity screening and treatment services in Nigeria: a case study of activities, challenges and outcomes 2017-2020.

OBJECTIVES: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) will become a major cause of blindness in Nigerian children unless screening and treatment services expand. This article aims to describe the collaborative activities undertaken to improve services for ROP between 2017 and 2020 as well as the outcome of these activities in Nigeria. DESIGN: Descriptive case study. SETTING: Neonatal intensive care units in Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS: Staff providing services for ROP, and 723 preterm infants screened for ROP who fulfilled screening criteria (gestational age <34 weeks or birth weight ≤2000 g, or sickness criteria). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A WhatsApp group was initiated for Nigerian ophthalmologists and neonatologists in 2018. Members participated in a range of capacity-building, national and international collaborative activities between 2017 and 2018. A national protocol for ROP was developed for Nigeria and adopted in 2018; 1 year screening outcome data were collected and analysed. In 2019, an esurvey was used to collect service data from WhatsApp group members for 2017-2018 and to assess challenges in service provision. RESULTS: In 2017 only six of the 84 public neonatal units in Nigeria provided ROP services; this number had increased to 20 by 2018. Of the 723 babies screened in 10 units over a year, 127 (17.6%) developed any ROP; and 29 (22.8%) developed type 1 ROP. Only 13 (44.8%) babies were treated, most by intravitreal bevacizumab. The screening criteria were revised in 2020. Challenges included lack of equipment to regulate oxygen and to document and treat ROP, and lack of data systems. CONCLUSION: ROP screening coverage and quality improved after national and international collaborative efforts. To scale up and improve services, equipment for neonatal care and ROP treatment is urgently needed, as well as systems to monitor data. Ongoing advocacy is also essential