Development of Sublingual tablets of Bisoprolol Hemifumarate / Hydroxypropyl -β-Cyclodextrin Complex for Potential treatment of Angina Pectoris

Fast-disintegrating tablet drug delivery is gaining an importance for drug delivery technology especially for geriatric and pediatric patient because of swallowing difficulties.   In certain diseases such as hypertension and angina pectoris therapy, taking a fast pharmacological response is of important criteria. Thus, the aim of the present work was to prepare a novel fast disintegrating Bisoprolol Hemifumarate (BH) tablet formulation for sublingual administration based on the use of 2-hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin (HP-βCD) which forms an inclusion complex with (BH) to improve the permeability of the drug to sublingual membrane, in addition to mask the taste of the drug through the inclusion complex.  Attempt has been made to prepare fast disintegrating tablets of (BH) using superdistintegrants like crosscarmellose sodium and crospovidone in concentration of (5%). Eight different formulae (B1-B8) with variation in tablet excipients were prepared by direct compression method using different mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan and polyethylene glycol 6000 at different concentration (3% and 6%) for reduction the flushing action of saliva and to provide enough contact time for drug to be absorbed. The tablets were evaluated for the weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, disintegration time and dissolution study. The formulae B2 and B7 possessed the lowest disintegration time due to the presence of the high concentration of chitosan, which has some disintegration action, thus were subjected to a pharmacokinetic study using human volunteers. The bioavailability of B2 was significantly higher than that of the reference (Concor®) (p > 0.05).  Thus, the present investigations suggest that (BH) sublingual tablets allowed the rapid tablet disintegration, improved bioavailability and effective in emergency treatment of anginal pain and hypertension

Development of Sublingual tablets of Bisoprolol Hemifumarate / Hydroxypropyl -β-Cyclodextrin Complex for Potential treatment of Angina Pectoris

Fast-disintegrating tablet drug delivery is gaining an importance for drug delivery technology especially for geriatric and pediatric patient because of swallowing difficulties.   In certain diseases such as hypertension and angina pectoris therapy, taking a fast pharmacological response is of important criteria. Thus, the aim of the present work was to prepare a novel fast disintegrating Bisoprolol Hemifumarate (BH) tablet formulation for sublingual administration based on the use of 2-hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin (HP-βCD) which forms an inclusion complex with (BH) to improve the permeability of the drug to sublingual membrane, in addition to mask the taste of the drug through the inclusion complex.  Attempt has been made to prepare fast disintegrating tablets of (BH) using superdistintegrants like crosscarmellose sodium and crospovidone in concentration of (5%). Eight different formulae (B1-B8) with variation in tablet excipients were prepared by direct compression method using different mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan and polyethylene glycol 6000 at different concentration (3% and 6%) for reduction the flushing action of saliva and to provide enough contact time for drug to be absorbed. The tablets were evaluated for the weight variation, hardness, friability, wetting time, disintegration time and dissolution study. The formulae B2 and B7 possessed the lowest disintegration time due to the presence of the high concentration of chitosan, which has some disintegration action, thus were subjected to a pharmacokinetic study using human volunteers. The bioavailability of B2 was significantly higher than that of the reference (Concor®) (p > 0.05).  Thus, the present investigations suggest that (BH) sublingual tablets allowed the rapid tablet disintegration, improved bioavailability and effective in emergency treatment of anginal pain and hypertension

Pool Boiling Heat Transfer from Aluminum Alloy Circular Surface Using Al2O3 and CuO Water Based Nano-fluids

The present work aims to study the effect of nano-particles volume fraction of nano-fluid on the heat transfer during pool boiling with different values of heat flux. The concentration ratios by volume in demineralized water are taken as 0.02 %, 0.20 %, 0.40 %, 0.60, and 0.80 % for Al2O3 nano-particles and 0.02 %, 0.06 %, and 0.20 % for CuO nano-particles. Heat transfer coefficients for pool boiling were established experimentally for different values of volume fraction and heat flux. The heating element is made from an aluminum alloy (AL 6061) with a circular smooth surface of 100 mm diameter and 10 mm thickness. The nano-particles porous layer that builds up during boiling is observed by a scanning electron microscope of the heated surface before and after the boiling. The results demonstrate that the heat transfer rate depends on the concentration ratios and heat flux. Using nano-particles decreases the pool boiling heat transfer in comparison with demineralized water. Due to the deposition of nano-particles on the heated surface, lower heat transfer is obtained for a lower bubble departure compared with demineralized water for the small wall superheat

Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Activity of Boswellia carterii and Cissus rotundifolia in Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats

Objective: To evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of Boswellia carterii and Cissus rotundifolia in rats compared to that of glibenclamide and metformin as common oral hypoglycemic drugs.Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, divided into six groups of six rats each, were assigned into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg b.w.) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg b.w.). The first two groups were normal and diabetic controls, whereas the other four diabetic groups were treated with water extracts of the medicinal plants; B. carterii (100 mg/kg b.w.) and C. rotundifolia (100 mg/kg b.w.), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.) and metformin (150 mg/kg b.w.). Body weight and serum glucose were measured on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also measured.Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with the water extracts of B. carterii and C. rotundifolia for four weeks resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in their body weights and a significant decrease in the levels of serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. The effects of the two plant extracts were almost similar to those of glibenclamide and metformin.Conclusion: Water extracts of B. carterii or C. rotundifolia have a hypoglycemic effect resembling those of glibenclamide and metformin, and these findings provide a pharmacological evidence for their anti-diabetic claims in folk medicine

Strengthening of Continuous SCC Hollow Beams under Shear Stresses Using Warped CFRP Strips

The present paper is deal with shear strength evaluation of continuous self-compacting concrete hollow beams containing internal concrete ribs and externally strengthening by carbon fiber strips (CFRP). Six full-scale beam specimens and series of control specimens were tested. The adopted variables in this study are the number of internal concrete ribs and external U-shape CFRP strips at (45º). Experimental results show that the shear failure was the dominant failure for all tested beams. The cracking and ultimate load are reduced by about (19.6-30.6%) for the hollow beams specimens contains five and three ribs respectively compared with the reference beam. The ultimate load was increased for about (50.7%) for five internal ribs hollow beams strengthened by CFRP strips in compared with the same beams but without strengthening.  While, the ultimate load was increased for about (33.46%), for beam specimen who has three internal ribs and strengthened by CFRP, in comparison with the same beams but without strengthening. Keywords: CFRP Strips, Shear, Continuous Beam, Self-Compacting Concrete, Hollow, Rib

ENHANCEMENT OF LORNOXICAM SOLUBILITY BY INCLUSION COMPLEXATION WITH CYCLODEXTRIN: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

Objective: Lornoxicam is a potent anti-inflammatory drug which has analgesic and antipyretic properties. It is water-insoluble powder. The inclusion complexes of lornoxicam (LOR) with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) were prepared and characterised in order to improve the solubility of the drug and enhance its bioavailability.Methods: Complexes were prepared by physical mixing and freeze-drying in three different drug/polymer ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 3:2). The solid complexes were characterised through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Results: The data showed that LOR may be complexed with cyclodextrin (CD) forming soluble complexes. The lyophilized 1:2 LOR/HPCD complex is the most soluble.Conclusion: Solubility increases with lyophilization than with physical mixing and by the use of HPCD than βCD in complexation

Scale effects of non-aerated flow properties over gabion stepped spillways

One of the oldest types of human-made hydraulic structures is known as a stepped spillway, and the main use of such structures is to control and monitor the flow of water over embankment dams. However, a common problem encountered by designers of these structures is how to measure the impact of scaling on the structures’ performance. This paper thus investigates the effect of scale on the Reynolds and Froude similitudes of such structures using two-dimensional numerical models developed based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Dam break conditions were selected to simulate the experiments of this study; therefore, all the essential requirements were applied to achieve model stability. The impact of scaling ratio of 1:2 in gabion stepped spillways on the location of the inception point, the velocity distribution, turbulence intensity, and pressure distribution were explored. The results were then discussed and compared with previous research which conducted over normal stepped spillways. The current study is among the first to provide guidance for the flow properties over gabion stepped spillways which could be impact significantly by the scale effects. This comparative analysis emphasised that full-scale prototype extrapolation conditions may not be feasible based on the Reynolds and Froude similitudes. The current results could be appropriate to be adopted for additional types of water flow over porous steps. Nevertheless, more comprehensive experimental tests for the properties of the water flow at the prototype scale are required

Sentimental classification analysis of polarity multi-view textual data using data mining techniques

The data and information available in most community environments is complex in nature. Sentimental data resources may possibly consist of textual data collected from multiple information sources with different representations and usually handled by different analytical models. These types of data resource characteristics can form multi-view polarity textual data. However, knowledge creation from this type of sentimental textual data requires considerable analytical efforts and capabilities. In particular, data mining practices can provide exceptional results in handling textual data formats. Besides, in the case of the textual data exists as multi-view or unstructured data formats, the hybrid and integrated analysis efforts of text data mining algorithms are vital to get helpful results. The objective of this research is to enhance the knowledge discovery from sentimental multi-view textual data which can be considered as unstructured data format to classify the polarity information documents in the form of two different categories or types of useful information. A proposed framework with integrated data mining algorithms has been discussed in this paper, which is achieved through the application of X-means algorithm for clustering and HotSpot algorithm of association rules. The analysis results have shown improved accuracies of classifying the sentimental multi-view textual data into two categories through the application of the proposed framework on online polarity user-reviews dataset upon a given topics

Virtual O(\a_s) corrections to the inclusive decay b→sγb \to s \gamma

We present in detail the calculation of the O(\a_s) virtual corrections to the matrix element for b \to s \g. Besides the one-loop virtual corrections of the electromagnetic and color dipole operators $O_7$ and $O_8$, we include the important two-loop contribution of the four-Fermi operator $O_2$. By applying the Mellin-Barnes representation to certain internal propagators, the result of the two-loop diagrams is obtained analytically as an expansion in $m_c/m_b$. These results are then combined with existing O(\a_s) Bremsstrahlung corrections in order to obtain the inclusive rate for B \to X_s \g. The new contributions drastically reduce the large renormalization scale dependence of the leading logarithmic result. Thus a very precise Standard Model prediction for this inclusive process will become possible once also the corrections to the Wilson coefficients are available.Comment: 29 pages, uses epsfig.sty, 12 postscript figures include

The production of novel sustainable lightweight mortar from the electronic plastic waste

Electronic plastic waste (EPW) like Compact Discs, also known as CDs or Digital Video Disc DVDs, is considered a massive challenge because of the low biodegradability of the material and exists in large quantities. Thus, using friendly alternative disposal methods for waste is becoming a significant research issue. This paper aims to explore producing lightweight mortar with fine EPW as fine aggregate to produce sustainable lightweight mortar (SLWM). To address the aim, the effect of a high percentage (50 %, 75 %) of electronic plastic waste EPW as a replacement material with sand (by weight of the sand) is compared with standard mortar (NM). Physical and mechanical characteristics such as water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity, bulk density, and compressive strength were measured on all specimens at 7, 28, and 90 days. The results show that there is a possibility of producing SLWM from EPW, and the 50 % replacement of sand by weight gives better results than 75 % and has a mechanical strength adequate for lightweight materials