Effects of Age and Work Experience on Job Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers: Implications for Career Counselling

This descriptive survey investigated the influence of age and working experience on job satisfaction of primary school teachers. The participants (n=238) were primary school teachers randomly selected from public and private schools in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. An adapted version of Bellingham (2004) job satisfaction survey with reliability index of .96 was employed to generate data from the participants. Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test statistics were used to analyse the three hypotheses set to channel the study. The results obtained indicated that there were significant positive relationship between age and work experience and job satisfaction (r =.312; .229) and that significant difference existed between teachers with less and above five years of working experience (t = -2.68,

Job Satisfaction Status of Primary School Teachers in Ota,Nigeria

This descriptive survey study investigated the current job satisfaction level of primary school teachers. Two hundred and thirty-eight teachers (males 95 and females 143) randomly selected from twenty primary schools from public and private schools in Ota, Ogun State participated in the survey. An adapted version of Job Satisfaction Survey by Bellingham (2004) was employed for data generation. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentage, one way analysis of variance, and t-test-statistic. The results of the two research questions and two research hypotheses indicated that greater percentage of teachers (52.9%) were very satisfied with their job while it is also evident that female teachers were very happy with their job than male teachers. Further analysis showed that no significant difference existed on gender basis while there were significant differences on educational qualification and age groups. Consequent upon these findings it is imperative for proprietors of schools to ensure that teachers are not dissatisfied with their job through their inability to consistently provide enabling environmen

Self-reported Psychosexual lifestyles of University Students in South-Western Nigeria: Implication for Professional Counselling

Human sexuality is generally described as the sum total of manner through which people experience and articulate their sexual sensation. It encompasses physiological make-up as well as socio-cultural, psychological and spiritual aspects of life.Considerable researches have been conducted on human sexuality among university students but this paper measures twelve psychosexual constructs among six hundred and eight university students (376 males and 232 females) randomly selected from three universities in South-western, Nigeria. Snell (1997) Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ), consisting of 12 different psychological constructs related to sexual relationships was used to gather data. One research question and one research hypothesis guided the study. Descriptive statistics of frequency count, mean and t-test statistic were employed to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the participants reported higher mean score of 18.37 for psychosexual constructs of sexual esteem and the lowest mean rating of 10.76 for sexual depression,. Further analysis showed that there were no significant differences on sexual esteem and depression of the participants on gender basis. It is recommended that counsellors should broaden sexual recovery psychotherapeutic intervention programmes that will further enhance psychosexual lifestyles of university student

Modelling Negative Binomial as a substitute model to Poisson for raters agreement on ordinal scales with sparse data

The Poisson distribution has been widely used for modelling rater agreement using loglinear models. Mostly in all life or social science researches, subjects are being classified into categories by rater, interviewers or observers and most of these tables indicate that the cell counts are mixtures of either too big values and two small values or zeroes which are sparse data. We refer to sparse as a situation when a large number of cell frequencies are very small. For these kinds of tables, there are tendencies for overdispersion in which the variance of the outcome or response exceeds the nominal variance, that is, when the response is greater than it should be under the given model or the true variance is bigger than the mean. In these types of situations assuming Poisson models means we are imposing the mean-variance equality restriction on the estimation. This implies that we will effectively be requiring the variance to be less than it really is, and also, as a result, we will underestimate the true variability in the data. Lastly, this will lead us to underestimating the standard errors, and so to overestimating the degree of precision in the coefficients. The Negative Binomial, which has a variance function, would be better for modelling rater agreement with sparse data in the table in order to allow the spread of the observations or counts. We observed that assuming Negative Binomial as the underline sampling plan is better for modelling rater agreement when there are sparse data in a limited number of example

A review of agreement measure as a subset of association measure between raters

Agreement can be regarded as a special case of association and not the other way round. Virtually in all life or social science researches, subjects are being classified into categories by raters, interviewers or observers and both association and agreement measures can be obtained from the results of this researchers. The distinction between association and agreement for a given data is that, for two responses to be perfectly associated we require that we can predict the category of one response from the category of the other response, while for two response to agree, they must fall into the identical category. Which hence mean, once there is agreement between the two responses, association has already exist, however, strong association may exist between the two responses without any strong agreement. Many approaches have been proposed by various authors for measuring each of these measures. In this work, we present some up till date development on these measures statistics

Conditional symmetry model as a better alternative to Symmetry Model for rater agreement measure

In almost all life or social science researches, subjects are classified into categories by raters, interviewers or observers. Many approaches have been proposed by various authors for analyzing the data or the results obtained from these raters. Symmetry and conditional symmetry models are models designed for square tables like the one arising from the raters results. Conditional symmetry model which possessed an extra parameter for the off-diagonal cells is a special case to symmetry. In this research work, we examined the effect of the extra parameter introduced by conditional symmetry model over that of symmetry on structure of agreement as well as their fittings. Generalized linear model (GLM) approach was used to model the loglinear model forms of these models with empirical examples. We observed that conditional symmetry based on it extra parameter gave a tremendous improvement to the significant level of the test statistics over that of its symmetry model counterpart, hence conditional symmetry model is better for raters agreement modelling which require symmetric table

Forms of Academic Cheating During Examination among Students with Hearing Impairment in Nigeria: Implication for Counselling Practice

The pervasiveness of cheating on internal and external examinations among the Nigerian students led to this study. One hundred and forty-four students with hearing impairment purposively selected from Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo,Nigeria participated in the study. Five research questions were pose and tested for the study. A researcher-designed questionnaire titled 'Forms of Academic Cheating during Exam in Institutions of Learning' was used to generate data. Frequency count, percentage, rank-order and chi-square were employed to test the research questions. The findings of the study indicated that all the participants have cheated in the past exams with 53.44% having cheated twice. Signing the correct answers t

Post-harvest technology change in cassava processing: a choice paradigm

Open Access Article; Available online: 27 Jan 2020This study employed a choice model to examine the factors influencing the choice of post-harvest technologies in cassava starch processing, using a sample of five hundred and seventy (570) processors in the forest and guinea savanna zones of Nigeria. In addition, the profitability of various post-harvest technologies in the study area was assessed using the budgetary technique while the impact of improved post-harvest technology on processors’ revenue and output was analysed using the average treatment effect model. Sex of the processor, processing experience, income, and cost of post-harvest technology, the capacity of post-harvest technology and access to credit amongst others significantly influence the choice of post-harvest technologies. Although the use of improved post-harvest technology comes with a high cost, the net income from its use was higher than the other types of post-harvest technologies, suggesting that the use of improved techniques was more beneficial and profitable. In addition, using improved post-harvest technology had a positive and significant effect on output and income. These findings shows that investment in improved post-harvest technologies by cassava starch processors and other stakeholders would increase income, thus, improving welfare

Rights versus Responsibilities of Health Care Workers in Nigeria: Changing the Narrative in the COVID-19 Era

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 and its spread to 216 countries within the first eight months has created a huge strain on health systems across the world. Health care workers (HCWs) at the fore-front of combating the pandemic are largely at risk of infection with the number of infected HCWs increasing daily in many countries. Prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, focus of laws and policies have largely been on the responsibilities of HCWs with little or no attention paid to their rights and protection. The increased rate of infection among health workers and the inadequate conditions under which HCWs have carried out their lifesaving responsibilities during the pandemic has created the need to change the narrative by focusing on policy formulation and implementation to ensure that HCWs rights are protected. We endorse the widespread use of the WHO recommendations on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: Rights, Roles and Responsibilities of Health workers, including key considerations for occupational safety and health. Keywords: Coronavirus, health policies, protection of health care workers, rights of health care workers L'épidémie de la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19) en décembre 2019 et sa propagation dans 216 pays au cours des huit premiers mois ont créé une énorme pression sur les systèmes de santé à travers le monde. Les agents de santé (TS) à l'avant -garde de la lutte contre la pandémie sont largement exposés au risque d'infection, le nombre de TS infectés augmentant chaque jour dans de nombreux pays. Avant l'épidémie de COVID-19, les lois et les politiques se concentraient largement sur les responsabilités des travailleurs de la santé avec peu ou pas d'attention accordée à leurs droits et à leur protection. L'augmentation du taux d'infection parmi les agents de santé et les conditions inadéquates dans lesquelles les agents de santé ont assumé leurs responsabilités vitales pendant la pandémie ont créé le besoin de changer le discours en se concentrant sur la formulation et la mise en oeuvre de politiques pour garantir la protection des droits des agents de santé. l'utilisation généralisée des recommandations de l'OMS sur l'épidémie de maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19): droits, rôles et responsabilités des agents de santé, y compris des considérations clés pour la sécurité et la santé au travail. Mots-clés: Coronavirus, politiques de santé, protection des travailleurs de la santé, droits des travailleurs de la sant

Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel Test for Repeated Tests of Independence: An Application in Examining Students’ Performance

From the result of graduate of ten departments in Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin for 2011/2012 academic session, data on final cumulative grade point average (Final Grade); department (ten departments of the faculty); age at entry (below or 20 years and above 20 years) and sex (male and female) are analyzed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics. Odds of a student graduating with Second Class Upper and above (0.5270) is about half of graduating with Second Class Lower and below. This implies that the final grade is approximately symmetrical about two groups. The first group are those with Second Class Lower and below (Low Grade) while the other is for those with Second Class Upper and above (High Grade). Breslow-Day and Tarone’s statistics show that the null hypothesis of homogeneity of odds ratio across the departments is not rejected for both age at entry and sex. This implies that the odds ratio across the ten departments (relating to age at entry & final grade and sex & final grade) are all equal. Cochran’s and Mantel-Haenszel statistics reveals the final grade of students (Low Grade or High Grade) is not associated with both sex and age students at entry. The odds in favour of a student whose age is less than 20 years graduating with Low Grade (Pass, Third Class, and Second Class Lower) is 0.865 while it is 0.670 for male students graduating with lower grade. Keywords: Test of Independence, Students’ Performance, Cochran-Mantel-Haensze