Hypothesizing the Mechanism of Action of Virechana in Neurological Diseases with Respect to the Gut-Brain Microbiota Axis

Panchakarma is an efficient and popular Ayurvedic treatment modality that helps eliminate various Doshic imbalances in the body to prevent and treat diseases. Its efficacy is being proven through multiple studies conducted across the globe; still, the mode of action of these therapies is to be understood far and wide. Virechana is one of the Panchakarmas that have an impact on the whole body to remove the Doshas that spread across the entire system. Due to this reason, it is considered best in the management of many disorders affecting different systems of the body, including the nervous system. The present review aimed at understanding the mechanism of action of Virechana with respect to the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurological diseases. Virechana using Mridu and Snigdha medicines is mentioned for the management of Vatarogas. As Virechana is considered the primary treatment of pitta, its effect may be related to hormones and enzymes having neuroregulatory properties also. The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an active role in the pathogenesis, management, and prevention of neurological diseases. Gastrointestinal complications like constipation are common in diseases affecting the nervous system, and they have shown a negative correlation with neurological recovery. Here comes the importance of Snigdha virechana or Mridu virechana mentioned in Vatavyadhi. Virechana can remove unfavorable bacterial colonization and is effective in correcting gut flora dysbiosis. Thus, the mechanism of action of Virechana in modifying the gut-brain axis and thereby facilitating neurologic recovery is understood.  The present review sheds light on the Mechanism of action of Virechana with respect to the microbiota gut-brain axis in neurological disorders, which may be helpful for further research

A motorized rotation mount for the switching of an optical beam path in under 20 ms using polarization control

We present a simple motorized rotation mount for a half-wave plate that can be used to rapidly change the polarization of light. We use the device to switch a high power laser beam between different optical dipole traps in an ultracold atom experiment. The device uses a stepper motor with a hollow shaft, which allows a beam to propagate along the axis of the motor shaft, minimizing inertia and mechanical complexity. A simple machined adapter is used to mount the wave plate. We characterize the performance of the device, focusing on its capability to switch a beam between the output ports of a polarizing beam splitter cube. We demonstrate a switching time of 15.9(3) ms, limited by the torque of the motor. The mount has a reaction time of 0.52(3) ms and a rotational resolution of 0.45(4)°. The rotation is highly reproducible, with the stepper motor not missing a step in 2000 repeated tests over 11 h

EFFECT OF GA3 AND NAA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. CAPITATA L.) CV. PRIDE OF INDIA

The experiment was conducted during rabi season 2012-13 at the Horticultural Research Farm of the Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar Raebareli Road Lucknow -226025 (U.P.), India to study the response of cabbage cv. Pride of India to foliar application of PGRs namely GA3 and NAA with different concentrations. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design with three replications and seven treatments, the treatments comprised of three levels of each PGRs namely GA3 (30, 60, 90 ppm) and NAA (40, 80, 120 ppm) along with control. Foliar spray of GA3 and NAA was given at 30 and 45 DAT of cabbage. Looking to the results, it was noticed that GA3 60ppm significantly increased the plant height (33.26 cm), number of leaves (21.48), plant spread (55.59 cm), stem diameter (3.05 cm), plant weight (2.44 kg), head weight (1.73 kg), head diameter (18.88 cm ) as well as head yield (51.26 t/ha) than the other treatments and control. Therefore it may be concluded that foliar application GA3 60 ppm or NAA 80 ppm can be recommended to cabbage growers for obtaining better growth and yield of cabbage

Diagnostic Imaging of Canine Hepatobiliary Affections: A Review

Hepatic disease is often treatable and has a predictable prognosis when a definitive diagnosis is made. The aim of clinicopathological evaluation of hepatobiliary affections is to identify and characterize hepatic damage and dysfunction, identify possible primary causes of secondary liver disease, differentiate causes of icterus, evaluate potential anaesthetic risks, assess prognosis and response to xenobiotics, and monitor response to therapy. This paper describes the different diagnostic methods and imaging techniques employed in diagnosis of hepatobiliary affections in dogs. Besides reviewing the significant clinical manifestations and imaging structural abnormalities in diagnostic approach to different hepatic affections, it also depicts radiographic, ultrasonographic, and wherever applicable, the laparoscopic characterization of different hepatic affections and target lesions encountered in clinical cases presented in the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, COVAS, Palampur in the year 2007-2008

AN ORAL FEED STRATEGY IN SHEEP FOR IMPROVED DIGESTIBILITY, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND METHANE MITIGATION

Objective: A trial was conducted to study the efficacy of herbal formulation Ruchamax (M/S Ayurvet Limited, India) on digestibility and nutrient utilization in Deccani sheep.Methods: 12 growing healthy Deccani sheep (5-6 months) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Control Group I (T0) was not given any treatment. Group II (T­1) supplemented with Ruchamax (appetite stimulant and digestive tonic). The test herbal formulation was mixed in the concentrate feed as per the recommendations. Parameters like body weight, plasma cortisol level, blood enzyme estimation, feed analysis, nitrogen balance, methane estimation and carcass quality traits were studied.Results: Statistically (P<0.05) Ruchamax supplemented group had significantly superior average daily gain (g) than that of control. DMI, Dry matter digestibility and FCR of Ruchamax supplemented group were significantly (P<0.05) improved. The maximum nitrogen balance was obtained in Ruchamax supplemented group T1. Significantly (P<0.05) lower level of cortisol in Ruchamax supplemented animals confirmed the increased resilience of animal towards stress. The Ruchamax supplemented group T1 emitted significantly less methane as compared to control group T0. Animals belonging to Ruchamax supplemented group T1 had significantly higher dressing % as compared to control group T0. The enzymatic values in both groups were under normal physiological level.Conclusion: The herbal appetite stimulant and digestive tonic Ruchamax was found to be safe for usage and efficient to improve digestibility, nutrient utility, performance traits in sheep alongwith added benefit of its methane mitigating potential.Â

Scotland's "Incentivised Laparoscopy Practice" programme:Engaging trainees with take-home laparoscopy simulation

BACKGROUND: The transfer validity of portable laparoscopy simulation is well established. However, attempts to integrate take-home simulation into surgical training have met with inconsistent engagement worldwide, as for example in our 2014-15 study of an Incentivised Laparoscopy Practice programme (ILPv1). Drawing on learning from our subsequent multi-centre study examining barriers and facilitators, we revised the programme for 2018 onwards. We now report on engagement with the 2018-2022 versions of this home-based simulation programme (ILP v2.1-2.3).METHODS: In ILP v2.1-2.3, three consecutive year-groups of new-start Core Surgical Trainees (n = 48, 46 and 53) were loaned portable simulators. The 6-month education programme included induction, technical support, and intermittent feedback. Six tasks were prescribed, with video instruction and charting of metric scores. Video uploads were required and scored by faculty. A pass resulted in an eCertificate, expected at Annual Review (but not mandatory for progression). ILP was set within a wider reform, "Improving Surgical Training".RESULTS: ILP v2.1-2.3 saw pass rates of 94%, 76% and 70% respectively (45/48, 35/46 and 37/53 trainees), compared with only 26% (7/27) in ILP v1, despite now including some trainees not intending careers in laparoscopic specialties. The ILP v2.2 group all reported their engagement with the whole simulation strategy was hampered by the COVID19 pandemic.CONCLUSIONS: Simply providing take-home simulators, no matter how good, is not enough. To achieve trainee engagement, a whole programme is required, with motivated learners, individual and group practice, intermittent feedback, and clear goals and assessments. ILP is a complex intervention, best understood as a "reform within a reform, within a context."</p

Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals

Long-distance optical-conveyor-belt transport of ultracold 133 Cs and 87 Rb atoms

We report on the transport of a thermal cloud of ultracold cesium and rubidium atoms over about 37 cm in under 25 ms using an optical conveyor belt formed by two counterpropagating beams with a controllable frequency difference that generate a movable optical lattice. By carefully selecting the waists and focus positions, we are able to use two static Gaussian beams for the transport, avoiding the need for a Bessel beam or variable-focus lenses. We characterize the transport efficiency for both species, including a comparison of different transport trajectories, gaining insight into the loss mechanisms and finding the minimum jerk trajectory to be optimum. Using the optimized parameters, we are able to transport up to 7×106 cesium or rubidium atoms with an efficiency up to 75%. To demonstrate the viability of our transport scheme for experiments employing quantum gas microscopy, we produce Bose-Einstein condensates of either species after transport and present measurements of the simultaneous transport of both species

Polyamide-polyamine cryptand as dicarboxylate receptor : dianion binding studies in the solid state, in solution, and in the gas phase

Polyamide-polyamine hybrid macrobicycle L is explored with respect to its ability to bind α,?-dicarboxylate anions. Potentiometric studies of protonated L with the series of dianions from succinate (suc) through glutarate (glu), α-ketoglutarate (kglu), adipate (adi), pimelate (pim), suberate (sub), to azelate (aze) have shown adipate preference with association constant value of K = 4900 M-1 in a HO/DMSO (50:50 v/v) binary solvent mixture. The binding constant increases from glu2- to adi2- and then continuously decreases with the length of the anion chain. Further, potentiometric studies suggest that hydrogen bonding between the guest anions and the amide/ammonium protons of the receptor also contributes to the stability of the associations along with electrostatic interactions. Negative-mode electrospray ionization of aqueous solutions of host-guest complexes shows clear evidence for the selective formation of 1:1 complexes. Single-crystal X-ray structures of complexes of the receptor with glutaric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, and azelaic acid assist to understand the observed binding preferences. The solid-state structures reveal a size/shape complementarity between the host and the dicarboxylate anions, which is nicely reflected in the solution state binding studies

Enhanced Quantum State Transfer via Feedforward Cancellation of Optical Phase Noise.

Many experimental platforms for quantum science depend on state control via laser fields. Frequently, however, the control fidelity is limited by optical phase noise. This is exacerbated in stabilized laser systems where high-frequency phase noise is an unavoidable consequence of feedback. Here we implement an optical feedforward technique to suppress laser phase noise in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage state transfer of ultracold RbCs molecules, across 114 THz, from a weakly bound Feshbach state to the rovibrational ground state. By performing over 100 state transfers on single molecules, we measure a significantly enhanced transfer efficiency of 98.7(1)% limited only by available laser intensity