481 research outputs found
When resources collide: Towards a theory of coincidence in information spaces
This paper is an attempt to lay out foundations for a general theory of coincidence in information spaces such as the World Wide Web, expanding on existing work on bursty structures in document streams and information cascades. We elaborate on the hypothesis that every resource that is published in an information space, enters a temporary interaction with another resource once a unique explicit or implicit reference between the two is found. This thought is motivated by Erwin Shroedingers notion of entanglement between quantum systems. We present a generic information cascade model that exploits only the temporal order of information sharing activities, combined with inherent properties of the shared information resources. The approach was applied to data from the world's largest online citizen science platform Zooniverse and we report about findings of this case study
Networks and Language in the 2010 Election
The midterm (2010) election in the U.S. presented a unique opportunity to study the online social media strategy of various political groups. Although candidates had previously leveraged social media, the prevalence of use during this election allows us to study a significant percentage of candidates and a novel glimpse into their networks and messaging. In combination, the networks and associated content reflect positioning of candidates both structurally and in framing in relation to other politicians. In our work, we study the use of Twitter by House, Senate and gubernatorial candidates during the midterm elections in the U.S. Our data includes almost 700 candidates and over 460k tweets that they produced in the 3.5 years leading to the elections. We utilize graph and text mining techniques to analyze differences between Democrats, Republicans and Tea Party candidates, and suggest a novel use of language modeling for estimating content cohesiveness. Our findings show significant differences in the usage patterns of social media, and suggest conservative candidates used this medium more effectively, conveying a coherent message and maintaining a dense graph of connections. Despite the lack of party leadership, we find Tea Party members display both structural and language‐based cohesiveness. Finally, we investigate the relation between network structure, content and election results by creating a proof‐of‐concept model that extends incumbency models to predict candidate victory
Analisis Ekonomi Usahatani Bawang Merah Varietas Tuk-Tuk Di Desa Fatuketi Kecamatan Kakuluk Mesak Kabupaten Belu
This research has been conducted at Fatuketi Village Kakuluk Mesak Subdistrict Belu District. The purpose of this research weretoknow (1) the amount revenue and income of red onion variety Tuk-Tuk, (2) the relative profit, (3) the break event point (BEP), and (4) the primary data was collected by interviewing respondent using questionnaires. Data collected was analysis descriptively, followed by revenue analysis, income, R/C ratio, BEP and capital efficiency analysis
The results of research showed that the average income per hectare of Tuk-Tuk variety onion at research location was Rp.415.542.737with an average revenue per hectare wasRp.454.062.500 and average was cost per hectare wasRp.38.518.763. The break event point of productionwas 6.136,49 kgperhectare andthe break event point ofprice was Rp.1.473, while theR/C ratio value was 9,60and from the capital efficiency analysis result (85%) it was found thad the onion farming was capital intensive
Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Fatuketi Kecamatan Kakuluk Mesak Kabupaten Belu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1)besarnya penerimaan dan pendapatan,(2)keuntungan relatif , (3)besar break event point (BEP) dan (4)efisiensi penggunaan modal usahatani bawang merah varietas tuk-tuk. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara didapat dari responden menggunakan kuisioner, data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif diikuti oleh analisis penerimaan, pendapatan, R/C rasio, BEP dan analisis efisiensi modal.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan perhektar usahatani bawang merah varietas tuk-tuk di lokasi penelitian sebesar Rp.415.542.737 dengan rata-rata penerimaan perhektar sebesar Rp.454.062.500 dan rata-rata biaya perhektar Rp.38.518.763.Break event point produksi sebanyak 6.136,49 kilogram perhektar dan break event point harga sebesar Rp.1.473, sedangkan untuk nilai R/C ratio sebesar 9,60 perhektar dan penggunaan modal produksi usahatani adalah sebesar 85% yang artinya bahwa penggunaan modal pada usahatani bawang merah tuk-tuk di lokasi penelitian bersifatCapital intensive
Fluctuations of company yearly profits versus scaled revenue: Fat tail distribution of Levy type
We analyze annual revenues and earnings data for the 500 largest-revenue U.S.
companies during the period 1954-2007. We find that mean year profits are
proportional to mean year revenues, exception made for few anomalous years,
from which we postulate a linear relation between company expected mean profit
and revenue. Mean annual revenues are used to scale both company profits and
revenues. Annual profit fluctuations are obtained as difference between actual
annual profit and its expected mean value, scaled by a power of the revenue to
get a stationary behavior as a function of revenue. We find that profit
fluctuations are broadly distributed having approximate power-law tails with a
Levy-type exponent , from which we derive the associated
break-even probability distribution. The predictions are compared with
empirical data.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Genome-wide analysis of human global and transcription-coupled excision repair of UV damage at single-nucleotide resolution
We developed a method for genome-wide mapping of DNA excision repair named XR-seq (excision repair sequencing). Human nucleotide excision repair generates two incisions surrounding the site of damage, creating an ∼30-mer. In XR-seq, this fragment is isolated and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. We used XR-seq to produce stranded, nucleotide-resolution maps of repair of two UV-induced DNA damages in human cells: cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) pyrimidine–pyrimidone photoproducts [(6-4)PPs]. In wild-type cells, CPD repair was highly associated with transcription, specifically with the template strand. Experiments in cells defective in either transcription-coupled excision repair or general excision repair isolated the contribution of each pathway to the overall repair pattern and showed that transcription-coupled repair of both photoproducts occurs exclusively on the template strand. XR-seq maps capture transcription-coupled repair at sites of divergent gene promoters and bidirectional enhancer RNA (eRNA) production at enhancers. XR-seq data also uncovered the repair characteristics and novel sequence preferences of CPDs and (6-4)PPs. XR-seq and the resulting repair maps will facilitate studies of the effects of genomic location, chromatin context, transcription, and replication on DNA repair in human cells
Epidemic processes in complex networks
In recent years the research community has accumulated overwhelming evidence
for the emergence of complex and heterogeneous connectivity patterns in a wide
range of biological and sociotechnical systems. The complex properties of
real-world networks have a profound impact on the behavior of equilibrium and
nonequilibrium phenomena occurring in various systems, and the study of
epidemic spreading is central to our understanding of the unfolding of
dynamical processes in complex networks. The theoretical analysis of epidemic
spreading in heterogeneous networks requires the development of novel
analytical frameworks, and it has produced results of conceptual and practical
relevance. A coherent and comprehensive review of the vast research activity
concerning epidemic processes is presented, detailing the successful
theoretical approaches as well as making their limits and assumptions clear.
Physicists, mathematicians, epidemiologists, computer, and social scientists
share a common interest in studying epidemic spreading and rely on similar
models for the description of the diffusion of pathogens, knowledge, and
innovation. For this reason, while focusing on the main results and the
paradigmatic models in infectious disease modeling, the major results
concerning generalized social contagion processes are also presented. Finally,
the research activity at the forefront in the study of epidemic spreading in
coevolving, coupled, and time-varying networks is reported.Comment: 62 pages, 15 figures, final versio
Inheritance patterns in citation networks reveal scientific memes
Memes are the cultural equivalent of genes that spread across human culture
by means of imitation. What makes a meme and what distinguishes it from other
forms of information, however, is still poorly understood. Our analysis of
memes in the scientific literature reveals that they are governed by a
surprisingly simple relationship between frequency of occurrence and the degree
to which they propagate along the citation graph. We propose a simple
formalization of this pattern and we validate it with data from close to 50
million publication records from the Web of Science, PubMed Central, and the
American Physical Society. Evaluations relying on human annotators, citation
network randomizations, and comparisons with several alternative approaches
confirm that our formula is accurate and effective, without a dependence on
linguistic or ontological knowledge and without the application of arbitrary
thresholds or filters.Comment: 8 two-column pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Physical
Review
Mind the Cultural Gap: Bridging Language-Specific DBpedia Chapters for Question Answering
International audienceIn order to publish information extracted from language specific pages of Wikipedia in a structured way, the Semantic Web community has started an effort of internationalization of DBpedia. Language specific DBpedia chapters can contain very different information from one language to another, in particular they provide more details on certain topics, or fill information gaps. Language specific DBpedia chapters are well connected through instance interlinking, extracted from Wikipedia. An alignment between properties is also carried out by DBpedia contributors as a mapping from the terms in Wikipedia to a common ontology, enabling the exploitation of information coming from language specific DBpedia chapters. However, the mapping process is currently incomplete, it is time-consuming as it is performed manually, and it may lead to the introduction of redundant terms in the ontology. In this chapter we first propose an approach to automatically extend the existing alignments, and we then present an extension of QAKiS, a system for Question Answering over Linked Data that allows to query language specific DB-pedia chapters relying on the above mentioned property alignment. In the current version of QAKiS, English, French and German DBpedia chapters are queried using a natural language interface
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