Automatic navigation of a long range rocket vehicle

The flight of a rocket vehicle in the equatorial plane of a rotating earth is considered with possible disturbances in the atmosphere due to changes in density, in temperature, and in wind speed. These atmospheric disturbances together with possible deviations in weight and in moment of inertia of the vehicle tend to change the flight path away from the normal flight path. The paper gives the condition for the proper cut-off time for the rocket power, and the proper corrections in the elevator angle so that the vehicle will land at the chosen destination in spite of such disturbances. A scheme of tracking and automatic navigation involving a high-speed computer and elevator servo is suggested for this purpose

CORPORATIONS-PREEMPTIVE RIGHT TO SUBSCRIBE TO STOCK ISSUES- NECESSITY OF ACTION BY THE SHAREHOLDER

In Oppenheimer v. Win. F. Chiniquy Co., a stockholder sought to compel the corporation to issue to him his pro rata share of treasury stock which had been offered to the shareholders on August 6, 1945. The final date for application was September 6, but no time for payment was specified. The shareholder wrote to the company accepting the offer before the final date, but did not tender payment until October 16. The corporation had not disposed of the shares, and the court ordered the company to issue them to the shareholder, holding that the delay was of no importance

TAXATION-FEDERAL ESTATE TAX-CHARITABLE DEDUCTION-CERTAINITY OF AMOUNT OF GIFT IN REMAINDER TO CHARITY WHEN CORPUS MAY BE INVADED FOR LIFE TENANT

Testator left his estate in trust for the life of his mother, giving her a life income of $750 per month. The trustees were authorized to use the rest of the income and the principal for her pleasure, comfort and welfare and were instructed to care and provide for her as she might desire. A deduction for a gift to charity of a portion of the remainder was disallowed by the commissioner. The executor sued to recover the tax paid, alleging that the annual income from the estate exceeded the mother\u27s fixed share by$6000, that she had independent investments, earning $300 per month, that she was a woman of moderate needs, without dependents, living on substantially less than$750 per month, and that she was eighty-five years old at the death of the testator. The district court dismissed the complaint for failure to state a cause of action. The circuit court of appeals reversed, holding that despite the provisions of the power, there was an issue of fact whether the corpus was threatened with invasion. On certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, held, reversed. The amount of the charitable gift was not presently ascertainable,\u27\u27 as the trustees\u27 disbursements were not limited by any ready standard. Henslee v. Union Planters National Bank & Trust Co., (U.S. 1949) 69 S.Ct. 290

LABOR LAW-RAILWAY LABOR ACT-EFFECT OF CREATION OF NATIONAL RAILROAD ADJUSTMENT BOARD ON JURISDICTION OF COURTS

The 1934 amendments to the Railway Labor Act (R.L.A.) created the National Railroad Adjustment Board (N.R.A.B.) to hear and decide disputes involving employee grievances and controversies over application and interpretation of agreements, as distinguished from disputes concerning making of collective agreements

Deformation of a nearly hemispherical conducting drop due to an electric field: theory and experiment

We consider, both theoretically and experimentally, the deformation due to an electric field of a pinned nearly-hemispherical static sessile drop of an ionic fluid with a high conductivity resting on the lower substrate of a parallel plate capacitor. Using both numerical and asymptotic approaches we find solutions to the coupled electrostatic and augmented Young–Laplace equations which agree very well with the experimental results. Our asymptotic solution for the drop interface extends previous work in two ways, namely to drops that have zero-field contact angles that are not exactly π/2 and to higher order in the applied electric field, and provides useful predictive equations for the changes in the height, contact angle and pressure as functions of the zero-field contact angle, drop radius, surface tension and applied electric field. The asymptotic solution requires some numerical computations, and so a surprisingly accurate approximate analytical asymptotic solution is also obtained

The use of specialty training to retain doctors in Malawi: A discrete choice experiment

Emigration has contributed to a shortage of doctors in many sub-Saharan African countries. Specialty training is highly valued by doctors and a potential tool for retention. Yet not all types of training may be valued equally. In the first study to examine preferences for postgraduate training in depth, we carried out a discrete choice experiment as part of a cross-sectional survey of all Malawian doctors within seven years of graduation and not yet in specialty training. Over August 2012 to March 2013, 148 doctors took part out of 153 eligible in Malawi. Despite evidence that specialty training is highly sought after, Malawian junior doctors would not accept all types of training. Doctors preferred timely training outside of Malawi in core specialties (internal medicine, general surgery, paediatrics, obstetrics & gynaecology). Specialty preferences are particularly strong, with most junior doctors requiring nearly double their monthly salary to accept training all in Malawi and over six-fold to accept training in ophthalmology (representing a bundle of unpopular but priority specialties). In contrast, the location of work before training did not significantly influence most doctors' choices when guaranteed specialty training. Using a latent class model, we identified four subgroups of junior doctors with distinct preferences. Policy simulations showed that these preferences could be leveraged by policymakers to improve retention in exchange for guaranteed specialty training, however incentivising the uptake of training in priority specialties will only be effective in those with more flexible preferences. These results indicate that indiscriminate expansion of postgraduate training to slow emigration of doctors from sub-Saharan African countries may not be effective unless doctors' preferences are taken into account

Specialty training for the retention of Malawian doctors: A cost-effectiveness analysis

Few medical schools and sustained emigration have led to low numbers of doctors in many sub-Saharan African countries. The opportunity to undertake specialty training has been shown to be particularly important in retaining doctors. Yet limited training capacity means that doctors are often sent to other countries to specialise, increasing the risk that they may not return. Expanding domestic training, however, may be constrained by the reluctance of doctors to accept training in their home country. We modelled different policy options in an example country, Malawi, to examine the cost-effectiveness of expanding specialty training to retain doctors in sub-Saharan Africa. We designed a Markov model of the physician labour market in Malawi, incorporating data from graduate tracing studies in 2006 and 2012, a 2013 discrete choice experiment on 148 Malawian doctors and 2015 cost data. A government perspective was taken with a time horizon of 40 years. Expanded specialty training in Malawi or South Africa with increasing mandatory service before training was compared against baseline conditions. The outcome measures were cost per doctor-year and cost per specialist-year spent working in the Malawian public sector. Expanding specialty training in Malawi is more cost-effective than training outside Malawi. At least two years of mandatory service would be more cost-effective, with five years adding the most value in terms of doctor-years. After 40 years of expanded specialty training in Malawi, the medical workforce would be over fifty percent larger with over six times the number of specialists compared to current trends. However, the government would need to be willing to pay at least 3.5 times more per doctor-year for a 5% increase and a third more per specialist-year for a four-fold increase. Greater returns are possible from doctors with more flexible training preferences. Sustained funding of specialty training may improve retention in sub-Saharan Africa