The Digitalization of the Russian Financial Market: The Use of Technologies of the Distributed Ledger by the Institutions of Custodian Infrastructure

Over the past 30 years financial markets have moved from a highly centralized to a globalized system that includes all the world's stock exchanges and other financial institutions. The global stock architecture has united the world market.Traditionally, trading in financial instruments took place between stock brokers and traders who made personal transactions on trading platforms. At that time, stock brokers were monopolists of the market, only their information, their recommendations were the only source of information for investors. This was before the dotcom revolution, when communication became simple and accessible to everyone. Trade has been transformed from physical to electronic form, today you can buy securities, currencies and any derivatives in any quantity, at any time and from anywhere in the world. Development of blockchain technologies is integrated into financial transactions. Financial intermediaries are forced to follow the market and actively introduce new technologies in their processes.This article will consider the possibility of using the technology of the distributed ledger by institutions of custodian infrastructure. Today, a number of Russian financial institutions are developing their own projects using blockchain

Adoption of Blockchain Technology in Trade Finance Process

The complexity of trade finance instruments associated with need for many accompanying documents, constant coordination are problems of this process. Successful development of trade finance instruments depend on improvement of software and implement blockchain solutions that enable companies to unite and through partnerships and process automation to accelerate cash flow and documentation throughout supply chain. The paper aims to examine areas and ways of blockchain application in trade finance and to identify key aspects of improving transactions process. We present possible interaction of participants with digital letters of credit and factoring with blockchain application and display its effect on key trade finance instruments. Moreover, we identifies a number of problems, implementation solutions of which will lead to further more efficient application of technology in supply chain finance. The achieving these goals will lead to further more effective application of blockchain in financing of supply chain. Blockchain with a high level of functionality and security in trade finance processes reduces processing time for documents, transaction costs, expanding number of participants and increases level of transparency

(Anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions at 1as=13TeV

The study of (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. In this paper the production of (anti-)deuterons is studied as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at s=13 TeV using the ALICE experiment. Thanks to the large number of accumulated minimum bias events, it has been possible to measure (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions up to the same charged particle multiplicity (d Nch/ d \u3b7 3c 26) as measured in p\u2013Pb collisions at similar centre-of-mass energies. Within the uncertainties, the deuteron yield in pp collisions resembles the one in p\u2013Pb interactions, suggesting a common formation mechanism behind the production of light nuclei in hadronic interactions. In this context the measurements are compared with the expectations of coalescence and statistical hadronisation models (SHM)

Conference report: Lake Constance turns green

Adamova, G.; Ferguson, J.; Ng, S.; Puga Vaca, A.; Rodriguez, H.; Rountree, S.; Seddon, K.... (2009). Conference report: Lake Constance turns green. Green Chemistry. 11(5):604-608. doi:10.1039/b822925mS60460811

Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of inclusive J /* production at midrapidity in Pb?Pb collisions at ? s NN=5 .02 TeV

The inclusive J/\u3c8 meson production in Pb\u2013Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon\u2013nucleon collision of 1asNN = 5.02 TeV at midrapidity (|y|<0.9) is reported by the ALICE Collaboration. The measurements are performed in the dielectron decay channel, as a function of event centrality and J/\u3c8 transverse momentum pT, down to pT=0. The J/\u3c8 mean transverse momentum \u3008pT\u3009 and rAA ratio, defined as \u3008pT2\u3009PbPb/\u3008pT2\u3009pp, are evaluated. Both observables show a centrality dependence decreasing towards central (head-on) collisions. The J/\u3c8 nuclear modification factor RAA exhibits a strong pT dependence with a large suppression at high pT and an increase to unity for decreasing pT. When integrating over the measured momentum range pT<10 GeV/c, the J/\u3c8 RAA shows a weak centrality dependence. Each measurement is compared with results at lower center-of-mass energies and with ALICE measurements at forward rapidity, as well as to theory calculations. All reported features of the J/\u3c8 production at low pT are consistent with a dominant contribution to the J/\u3c8 yield originating from charm quark (re)combination

Investigation of the p-Sigma(0) interaction via femtoscopy in pp collisions

This Letter presents the first direct investigation of the p\u2013\u3a30 interaction, using the femtoscopy technique in high-multiplicity pp collisions at s=13 TeV measured by the ALICE detector. The \u3a30 is reconstructed via the decay channel to \u39b\u3b3, and the subsequent decay of \u39b to p\u3c0 12. The photon is detected via the conversion in material to e+e 12 pairs exploiting the capability of the ALICE detector to measure electrons at low transverse momenta. The measured p\u2013\u3a30 correlation indicates a shallow strong interaction. The comparison of the data to several theoretical predictions obtained employing the Correlation Analysis Tool using the Schr\uf6dinger Equation (CATS) and the Lednick\ufd\u2013Lyuboshits approach shows that the current experimental precision does not yet allow to discriminate between different models, as it is the case for the available scattering and hypernuclei data. Nevertheless, the p\u2013\u3a30 correlation function is found to be sensitive to the strong interaction, and driven by the interplay of the different spin and isospin channels. This pioneering study demonstrates the feasibility of a femtoscopic measurement in the p\u2013\u3a30 channel and with the expected larger data samples in LHC Run 3 and Run 4, the p\u2013\u3a30 interaction will be constrained with high precision

Longitudinal and azimuthal evolution of two-particle transverse momentum correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

This paper presents the first measurements of the charge independent (CI) and charge dependent (CD) two-particle transverse momentum correlators GCI2and GCD2in Pb\u2013Pb collisions at 1asNN=2.76 TeV by the ALICE collaboration. The two-particle transverse momentum correlator G2was introduced as a measure of the momentum current transfer between neighboring system cells. The correlators are measured as a function of pair separation in pseudorapidity (\u3b7) and azimuth (\u3c6) and as a function of collision centrality. From peripheral to central collisions, the correlator GCI2exhibits a longitudinal broadening while undergoing a monotonic azimuthal narrowing. By contrast, GCD2exhibits a narrowing along both dimensions. These features are not reproduced by models such as HIJING and AMPT. However, the observed narrowing of the correlators from peripheral to central collisions is expected to result from the stronger transverse flow profiles produced in more central collisions and the longitudinal broadening is predicted to be sensitive to momentum currents and the shear viscosity per unit of entropy density \u3b7/sof the matter produced in the collisions. The observed broadening is found to be consistent with the hypothesized lower bound of \u3b7/sand is in qualitative agreement with values obtained from anisotropic flow measurements

Multiplicity dependence of pi, K, and p production in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

This paper presents the measurements of \u3c0\ub1, K \ub1, p and p \uaf transverse momentum (pT) spectra as a function of charged-particle multiplicity density in proton\u2013proton (pp) collisions at s=13TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. Such study allows us to isolate the center-of-mass energy dependence of light-flavour particle production. The measurements reported here cover a pT range from 0.1 to 20 GeV / c and are done in the rapidity interval | y| < 0.5. The pT-differential particle ratios exhibit an evolution with multiplicity, similar to that observed in pp collisions at s=7TeV, which is qualitatively described by some of the hydrodynamical and pQCD-inspired models discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the pT-integrated hadron-to-pion yield ratios measured in pp collisions at two different center-of-mass energies are consistent when compared at similar multiplicities. This also extends to strange and multi-strange hadrons, suggesting that, at LHC energies, particle hadrochemistry scales with particle multiplicity the same way under different collision energies and colliding systems

Investigations of Anisotropic Flow Using Multiparticle Azimuthal Correlations in pp, p-Pb, Xe-Xe, and Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

Measurements of anisotropic flow coefficients (vn) and their cross-correlations using two- and multiparticle cumulant methods are reported in collisions of pp at s=13 TeV, p-Pb at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN=5.02 TeV, Xe-Xe at sNN=5.44 TeV, and Pb-Pb at sNN=5.02 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector. The multiplicity dependence of vn is studied in a very wide range from 20 to 3000 particles produced in the midrapidity region |\u3b7|<0.8 for the transverse momentum range 0.2<3.0 GeV/c. An ordering of the coefficients v2>v3>v4 is found in pp and p-Pb collisions, similar to that seen in large collision systems, while a weak v2 multiplicity dependence is observed relative to nucleus-nucleus collisions in the same multiplicity range. Using a novel subevent method, v2 measured with four-particle cumulants is found to be compatible with that from six-particle cumulants in pp and p-Pb collisions. The magnitude of the correlation between vn2 and vm2, evaluated with the symmetric cumulants SC(m,n) is observed to be positive at all multiplicities for v2 and v4, while for v2 and v3 it is negative and changes sign for multiplicities below 100, which may indicate a different vn fluctuation pattern in this multiplicity range. The observed long-range multiparticle azimuthal correlations in high multiplicity pp and p-Pb collisions can neither be described by pythia 8 nor by impact-parameter-Glasma, music, and ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics model calculations, and hence, provide new insights into the understanding of collective effects in small collision systems

Probing the Effects of Strong Electromagnetic Fields with Charge-Dependent Directed Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

The first measurement at the LHC of charge-dependent directed flow (v1) relative to the spectator plane is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV. Results are reported for charged hadrons and D0 mesons for the transverse momentum intervals pT>0.2 GeV/c and 3<6 GeV/c in the 5%-40% and 10%-40% centrality classes, respectively. The difference between the positively and negatively charged hadron v1 has a positive slope as a function of pseudorapidity \u3b7, d\u394v1/d\u3b7=[1.68\ub10.49(stat)\ub10.41(syst)] 710-4. The same measurement for D0 and D\uaf0 mesons yields a positive value d\u394v1/d\u3b7=[4.9\ub11.7(stat)\ub10.6(syst)] 710-1, which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the one of the charged hadrons. These measurements can provide new insights into the effects of the strong electromagnetic field and the initial tilt of matter created in noncentral heavy ion collisions on the dynamics of light (u, d, and s) and heavy (c) quarks. The large difference between the observed \u394v1 of charged hadrons and D0 mesons may reflect different sensitivity of the charm and light quarks to the early time dynamics of a heavy ion collision. These observations challenge some recent theoretical calculations, which predicted a negative and an order of magnitude smaller value of d\u394v1/d\u3b7 for both light flavor and charmed hadrons