The problem of divers, aviators and paratroopers - barotrauma of the paranasal sinuses

Barotrauma of the paranasal sinuses is a trauma caused by a large difference in air pressure between the sinuses and the environment. It concerns essentially divers, aviators, as well as paratroopers. A characteristic symptom is sudden and piercing pain in the sinus area. The pain begins while the ambient's pressure is changing or an instant later. The result of a pressure injury may be an epistaxis. Sinusitis may be also an effect of sinuses' mucosal damage. Drugs used primarily in patients with pressure-related injury are vasoconstructive medicaments and analgesics. Antibiotics are also applied in some situations. Because the incidence of barotrauma increases in predisposed people, e.g. with anatomical abnormalities, nose surgery, including correction of the nasal septum or paranasal sinuses, i.e. conchotomy, is used to prevent injury

The problem of divers, aviators and paratroopers - barotrauma of the paranasal sinuses

Adamczyk Katarzyna, Adamczyk Dorota, Wójcik Rafał. The problem of divers, aviators and paratroopers - barotrauma of the paranasal sinuses. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):786-793 eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1414170 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5937 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/876946 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 12.09.2018. The problem of divers, aviators and paratroopers - barotrauma of the paranasal sinuses Katarzyna Adamczyk1, Dorota Adamczyk1, Rafał Wójcik2 1Student, Medical University of Lublin 2Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin Abstract Barotrauma of the paranasal sinuses is a trauma caused by a large difference in air pressure between the sinuses and the environment. It concerns essentially divers, aviators, as well as paratroopers. A characteristic symptom is sudden and piercing pain in the sinus area. The pain begins while the ambient pressure is changing or an instant later. The result of a pressure injury may be an epistaxis. Sinusitis may be also an effect of sinuses' mucosal damage. Drugs used primarily in patients with pressure-related injury are vasoconstrictive medicaments and analgesics. Antibiotics are also applied in some situations. Because the incidence of barotrauma increases in predisposed people, e.g. with anatomical abnormalities, nose surgery, including correction of the nasal septum or paranasal sinuses, i.e. canthotomy, is used to prevent injury. Keywords: barotrauma, paranasal sinuses, ascend injury, descend injury, divin

Estimation of the height of the first interaction in gamma-ray showers observed by Cherenkov telescopes

Very high energy gamma rays entering the atmosphere initiate Extensive Air Showers (EAS). The Cherenkov light induced by an EAS can be observed by ground-based telescopes to study the primary gamma rays. An important parameter of an EAS, determining its evolution, is the height of the first interaction of the primary particle. However, this variable cannot be directly measured by Cherenkov telescopes. We study two simple, independent methods for the estimation of the first interaction height. We test the methods using the Monte Carlo simulations for the 4 Large Size Telescopes (LST) that are part of the currently constructed Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Observatory. We find that using such an estimated parameter in the gamma/hadron separation can bring a mild improvement (~10-20%) in the sensitivity in the energy range ~30-200 GeV.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic

Ketamine in affective disorders – expectations and limitations

Classified as dissociative psychedelic, ketamine is a psychoactive agent whose exact mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. In human and veterinary medicine ketamine is administered during preoperative analgesia. In anesthesiology it is employed either during induction of complex anesthesia or rarely, as a mono-anesthetic agent implemented in short-time procedures that do not cause visceral pain. Hallucinations, nausea, vomiting and elevation of systemic and intracranial pressure may be listed among adverse drug reactions limiting the use of ketamine. Ketamine is believed to exert antidepressant effects by antagonizing N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), combined with its presumptive inhibitory action on noradrenaline and serotonin transporter. Unlike other antidepressants, requiring weeks to exert apparent effects, ketamine relieves depressive symptoms within hours from administration. First reports on ketamine efficacy in the treatment of depressive episode come from 2000. The use of ketamine appears to be beneficial in patients who have exhausted other possible pharmacotherapeutic options. Current data suggest that single ketamine infusion is suitable for patients with treatment-resistant unipolar or bipolar depression without psychotic features, and with no previous history of psychoactive substance abuse. The prospective therapeutical applications of ketamine in the treatment of affective disorders are promising, however, further comprehensive research is still required

Studies of the nature of the low-energy, gamma-like background for Cherenkov Telescope Array

The upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project is expected to provide unprecedented sensitivity in the low-energy ( <~100 GeV) range for Cherenkov telescopes. In order to exploit fully the potential of the telescopes the standard analysis methods for gamma/hadron separation might need to be revised. We study the composition of the background by identifying events composed mostly of a single electromagnetic subcascade or double subcascade from a {\pi}0 (or another neutral meson) decay. We apply the standard simulation and analysis chain of CTA to evaluate the potential of the standard analysis to reject such events.Comment: All CTA contributions at arXiv:1709.03483. Proc. of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Busan, Kore

A 12-year old girl with severe plaque psoriasis and Down syndrome treated successfuly with etanercept

Microsporum (M.) canis is the most common fungus to cause tinea capitis in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean region and South and Central Europe. Fungal scalp infections caused by M. canis tend to be non-inflammatory. Recently, a growing number of cases of tinea capitis characterized by inflammatory infection caused by M. canis and M. gypseum have been registered. We present a case of highly inflammatory tinea capitis, also known as kerion celsi, caused by M. canis in a 6-year-old-patient. Scalp infections due to M. canis are a growing problem in dermatological practice. Changes in epidemiology, etiology, and clinical patterns of fungal infections due to M. canis are significant. Greater awareness of this problem is needed in order to establish proper diagnosis and successful treatment strategy for these patients. </p

A 12-year old girl with severe plaque psoriasis and Down syndrome treated successfuly with etanercept

Microsporum (M.) canis is the most common fungus to cause tinea capitis in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean region and South and Central Europe. Fungal scalp infections caused by M. canis tend to be non-inflammatory. Recently, a growing number of cases of tinea capitis characterized by inflammatory infection caused by M. canis and M. gypseum have been registered. We present a case of highly inflammatory tinea capitis, also known as kerion celsi, caused by M. canis in a 6-year-old-patient. Scalp infections due to M. canis are a growing problem in dermatological practice. Changes in epidemiology, etiology, and clinical patterns of fungal infections due to M. canis are significant. Greater awareness of this problem is needed in order to establish proper diagnosis and successful treatment strategy for these patients. </p

Fournier's gangrene – a clinical case report

Fournier’s gangrene is an acute, rapidly progressive, necrotizing infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues surrounding the genitals and perineum. Necrotizing fasciitis of the genital area is a rare disease entity. Although it concerns mostly males, can also occur in females and adolescents. In this syndrome, bacteria produce gases which accumulate in the infected tissue. The damage may also comprise tissue of the penis and scrotum. The infection is caused by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Usually the Fournier’s gangrene is caused by Staphylococci, Streptococci and Enteric bacteria. Bacterial infection can accompany the fungal infection. The high mortality rate is associated with bacterial contagion of the skin, fat, fascia and blood vessels. Harmful enzymes, produced by micro-organisms, induce numerous blood clots. They can lead to ischemia, which contribute to the development of necrosis. Fournier’s syndrome is a disease with a high mortality rate. Immunodeficiency, diabetes and chronic alcohol abuse favor the development of gangrene. Abrasion, burn or surgery complication may be the route of infection for microorganisms. Clinical symptoms appear within few days. Diagnostic process is based on the clinical picture. It is crucial to start treatment as soon as possible. Delay of the wide spectral intravenous antibiotic therapy and surgical removal of the necrotic tissue may result in death of the patient

Role of exercise and tools used in physical activities with the elderly

In recent years there has been an increased interest in forms of activities among older people. Regular physical exercise performed by seniors slow down the aging process, extend the period of physical and mental fitness. Regular physical activity is one way to counteract adverse processes of involution. To prevent involution situations, gymnastic, movement, dance, athletics, swimming, or related to other sports exercise can be used. The study shows the importance of some forms of physical activities for people in old age, and presented examples of exercises and tools used in physical activities with the elderly