Education and Education Practices among Quilombolas: The School and the Cultural Diversity

AbstractThis text examines different aspects of the discussion on the disconnection between teaching and its practices and contents vs. the cultural diversity within the contexts it operates. Among these aspects one should highlight the types of comprehension and construing of the world, as these map our notions of Education and Culture and take place within an interconnected way.Here, we take as the basis for reference the study on culture and educational activities reflecting specific ways to understand and construe the world, within a quilombola community (black community) in Brazil

Abordando o problema de análise de requisitos não funcionais em engenharia de software

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Computação.As novas tecnologias podem ser alternativas revolucionadoras para o mundo moderno, oportunizando o aparecimento de novos softwares aplicados a todas as áreas. Isto solicita que o desenvolvimento de software seja cada vez mais de qualidade e eficiente, exigindo assim um instrumental mais eficaz na definição. A definição deve conter clareza na definição do problema, a fim de propiciar os fundamentos para uma solução de software compatível com a realidade do ambiente organizacional, e, principalmente, ter a definição de prioridade de implementação, resultante da comparação de relacionamento e interpretação entre eles. O foco do trabalho é, identificar objetivamente o papel que a fonte responsável pela declaração ocupa no contexto organizacional como formadora de opinião e quais suas necessidades; também, identificar a funcionalidade a partir da informação e qual a sua aplicabilidade. O conteúdo desta dissertação refere-se à fase inicial do desenvolvimento de software, especialmente centrado no conhecimento do problema. Seu objetivo central é abordar o problema de análise não funcionais em Engenharia de Software

Estudo do impacto de geração distribuída fotovoltaica em pequenos sistemas de distribuição

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Araranguá. Engenharia de EnergiaA procura pela energia solar fotovoltaica tem sido cada vez maior isto deve-se ao aumento na procura por fontes de energia limpas e uma maior preocupação com o meio ambiente. Outro fator para este crescimento é o fato do Sol ser uma fonte inesgotável e sua energia possuir um elevado potencial de geração de energia. A regulamentação da utilização de sistemas solares fotovoltaicos conectados à rede está sendo realizado pela Agencia Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) e pelas concessionárias de energia, o que leva a um aumento na procura por esta fonte de energia. O aumento destes geradores distribuídos faz com que seja necessário a realização de estudos sobre o impacto que esta geração limpa terá sobre o sistema elétrico. Dentro deste contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo a realização de uma análise inicial do impacto de geração fotovoltaica distribuída em pequenos sistemas de distribuição. Neste trabalho foi realizado a análise do sistema elétrico de IEEE 13 Barras do Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers e este foi empregado no programa Power World Simulator para realizar as simulações.The demand for photovoltaic solar energy has been increasing, this is due to the increase in the demand for clean energy sources and a greater concern with the environment. Another factor for this growth is the fact that the Sun is an inexhaustible source and its energy has a high potential for energy generation. The regulation of the use of photovoltaic solar systems connected to the grid is being carried out by the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) and by the energy concessionaires, which leads to an increase in the demand for this energy source. The increase of these distributed generators makes it necessary to carry out studies on the impact that this generation will have on the electrical system. In this context, this study aims to perform an initial analysis of the impact of distributed photovoltaic generation on small distribution systems. In this work was carried out the analysis of the electric system of 13 Bars of the Institute of electrical and electronics engineers and was employed in the program Power World Simulator to carry out the simulations

Evaluating Active Lecture and Traditional Lecture in Higher Education

Access the online Pressbooks version of this article here. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and active lecture methods in higher-education courses. A multiple group convergent parallel mixed method design was used, with measurement of learning, attention, and student preference for active or traditional lecture methods. Six faculty at a public university in the northeast region of the United States engaged 178 undergraduate and graduate students in a traditional lecture session and an active lecture session during the Spring 2022 semester. Results indicated effectiveness of active and traditional lecture approaches (p \u3c .05). Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data in the study provides additional information regarding student preference for active lecture based on perceptions of increased learning benefits, interaction/engagement, attention, activities, discussion, and the use of multimedia. In implementing both traditional and active lecture sessions this study employed pre-lecture and post-lecture quizzes that students found to be very beneficial to learning

Planning of stroke care and urgent prehospital care across Europe : Results of the ESO/ESMINT/EAN/SAFE Survey

Funding Information: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: SA is co-PI of the RACECAT trial. VC received grants and speaker fees from BI. UF is consultant for Stryker, Medtronic and CSL Behring; Research grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Heart Foundation and Medtronic. DAS, TG, FF, AK, IZ, MG and VF have no disclosures. Funding Information: The authors are grateful to all ?ESO/ESMINT/EAN/SAFE Survey on Stroke Care in Europe? collaborators. We are also in debt to Bo Norrving, Didier Leys, Kennedy Lees and Turgut Tatlisumak for their useful comments regarding the questionnaire, data collection methodology and policy implications of this paper. Publisher Copyright: © European Stroke Organisation 2019.Introduction: Adequate planning and implementation of stroke systems of care is key to guarantee a rapid healthcare response and delivery of specific reperfusion therapies among candidates. We assessed the availability of stroke care plans in Europe, and evaluated their impact on rates of reperfusion therapies for stroke. Patients: Based on the European Stroke Organisation (ESO), the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT), the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), and the Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE) survey, we analysed specific prespecified items in the questionnaire regarding availability and adequacy of stroke care plans, organised prehospital care and their potential impact on rates of delivery of reperfusion therapies for stroke at the country level. Results: Of 44 participating European countries, 37 have stroke care plans that operate at national and/or regional levels. Most stroke care plans take responsibility for the organisation/implementation of stroke systems of care (86%), quality of care assessment (77%), and act as a liaison between emergency medical systems and stroke physicians (79%). As for stroke systems of care, the focus is mainly on prehospital and in-hospital acute stroke care (Code Stroke systems available in 37/44 countries). Preferred urgent transport is via non-medicalised ambulances (70%). Presence of stroke care plans, stroke registry data, transport of urgent stroke patients via non-medicalised ambulances, and drip-and-ship routing of acute patients showed higher reperfusion treatment rates. Discussion: Availability of stroke care plans, still absent in some European countries, as well as some features of the stroke systems of care are associated with higher reperfusion treatment rates. Conclusion: Stroke is not yet a priority everywhere in Europe, which is a barrier to the spread of reperfusion therapies for stroke.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Ecosystem services for intensification of agriculture, with emphasis on increased nitrogen ecological use efficiency

Funding Information: This work was undertaken as part of NUCLEUS, a virtual joint center to deliver enhanced N-use efficiency via an integrated soil?plant systems approach for the United Kingdom and Brazil. This work was funded in Brazil by FAPESP-S?o Paulo Research Foundation (Grant Number 2015/50305-8), FAPEG-Goi?s Research Foundation (Grant Number 2015-10267001479), and FAPEMA-Maranh?o Research Foundation (Grant Number RCUK-02771/16); and in the United Kingdom by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Grant Number BB/N013201/1) under the Newton Fund scheme.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Access to and delivery of acute ischaemic stroke treatments: A survey of national scientific societies and stroke experts in 44 European countries

Acute stroke treatment; Health care resources; Intravenous thrombolysisTractament de l'ictus agut; Recursos sanitaris; Trombòlisi intravenosaTratamiento del ictus agudo; Recursos sanitarios; Trombólisis intravenosaINTRODUCTION: Acute stroke unit care, intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment significantly improve the outcome for patients with ischaemic stroke, but data on access and delivery throughout Europe are lacking. We assessed best available data on access and delivery of acute stroke unit care, intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment throughout Europe. METHODS: A survey, drafted by stroke professionals (ESO, ESMINT, EAN) and a patient organisation (SAFE), was sent to national stroke societies and experts in 51 European countries (World Health Organization definition) requesting experts to provide national data on stroke unit, intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment rates. We compared both pooled and individual national data per one million inhabitants and per 1000 annual incident ischaemic strokes with highest country rates. Population estimates were based on United Nations data, stroke incidences on the Global Burden of Disease Report. RESULTS: We obtained data from 44 European countries. The estimated mean number of stroke units was 2.9 per million inhabitants (95% CI 2.3-3.6) and 1.5 per 1000 annual incident strokes (95% CI 1.1-1.9), highest country rates were 9.2 and 5.8. Intravenous thrombolysis was provided in 42/44 countries. The estimated mean annual number of intravenous thrombolysis was 142.0 per million inhabitants (95% CI 107.4-176.7) and 72.7 per 1000 annual incident strokes (95% CI 54.2-91.2), highest country rates were 412.2 and 205.5. Endovascular treatment was provided in 40/44 countries. The estimated mean annual number of endovascular treatments was 37.1 per million inhabitants (95% CI 26.7-47.5) and 19.3 per 1000 annual incident strokes (95% CI 13.5-25.1), highest country rates were 111.5 and 55.9. Overall, 7.3% of incident ischaemic stroke patients received intravenous thrombolysis (95% CI 5.4-9.1) and 1.9% received endovascular treatment (95% CI 1.3-2.5), highest country rates were 20.6% and 5.6%. CONCLUSION: We observed major inequalities in acute stroke treatment between and within 44 European countries. Our data will assist decision makers implementing tailored stroke care programmes for reducing stroke-related morbidity and mortality in Europe

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation weaning protocols: a systematic review

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of studies that investigated non-invasive ventilation (NIV) weaning protocols in adult or hospitalized elderly individuals. Through a systematic review based on the Prisma protocol, studies of eight databases published in Portuguese, English or Spanish were considered. The primary outcomes of this review were the success rate of NIV weaning, NIV duration and duration of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and secondary endpoint were adverse events associated with protocols for NIV weaning. The methodological quality of clinical trials was assessed using the PEDro scale and for observational studies the Dows and Black scale. Four of the 18,476 initial references met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Two of the four articles were randomized clinical trials and two were observational studies. The studies assessed elderly patients with respiratory failure, mainly due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. High weaning success rates were observed in three of the four studies, and one study demonstrated the superiority of implementing an immediate protocol for weaning to reduce NIV duration and ICU stay. However, because of the heterogeneity and poor methodological quality of the studies, it is not possible to make recommendations on the implementation of weaning protocols in this population.O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar revisão sistemática de estudos que investigaram protocolos de desmame da ventilação não invasiva (VNI) em indivíduos adultos ou idosos hospitalizados. Por meio dessa revisão, baseada no protocolo Prisma, foram selecionados estudos de oito bases de dados publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol. Os desfechos primários desta revisão foram taxa de sucesso de desmame da VNI, duração da VNI e duração da permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e no hospital, e como desfecho secundário foram considerados os efeitos adversos associados aos protocolos de desmame da VNI. A qualidade metodológica dos ensaios clínicos foi avaliada por meio da escala PEDro, e a escala de Downs e Black foi utilizada para a avaliação dos estudos observacionais. Das 18.476 referências iniciais, quatro atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram incluídas nesta revisão. Dois dos quatro artigos eram ensaios clínicos randomizados e os outros dois eram estudos observacionais. Os estudos envolveram pacientes idosos com insuficiência respiratória, principalmente por exacerbação da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e edema agudo de pulmão cardiogênico. Foram observadas elevadas taxas de sucesso de desmame em três dos quatro estudos, e um destes demonstrou a superioridade da implementação de um protocolo de desmame imediato na redução da duração da VNI e da permanência na UTI. No entanto, devido à heterogeneidade e à baixa qualidade metodológica dos estudos, não foi possível fazer recomendação sobre a implementação dos protocolos de desmame nessa população.El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios que investigaron protocolos de destete de la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) en individuos adultos o ancianos hospitalizados. A través de esta revisión, basada en el protocolo Prisma, se seleccionaron estudios de ocho bases de datos publicadas en portugués, inglés o español. Los resultados preliminares de esta revisión fueron la tasa de éxito de destete de la VNI, la duración de la VNI y la duración de la estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y en el hospital, y como resultado secundario se consideraron los efectos adversos asociados a los protocolos de destete de la VNI. La calidad metodológica de los ensayos clínicos ha sido evaluada a través de la escala PEDro, y la escala de Downs y Black ha sido utilizada para la evaluación de los estudios observacionales. De las 18.476 referencias iniciales, cuatro cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y se incluyeron en esta revisión. Dos de los cuatro artículos consistían en ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y los otros dos consistían en estudios observacionales. Los estudios incluyeron pacientes ancianos con insuficiencia respiratoria, principalmente por exacerbación de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y edema agudo de pulmón cardiogénico. Se observaron elevadas tasas de éxito de destete en tres de los cuatro estudios, y uno de éstos demostró la superioridad de la implementación de un protocolo de destete inmediato en la reducción de la duración de la VNI y de la permanencia en la UTI. Sin embargo, debido a la heterogeneidad y a la baja calidad metodológica de los estudios, no se pudo hacer recomendación sobre la implementación de los protocolos de destete en esa población

Collateral, Liquidity and Debt Sustainability

We study Markov‐perfect optimal fiscal policy in an economy with financial frictions and sovereign default in the form endogenously determined haircuts on outstanding debt. Government bonds facilitate tax smoothing but also provide collateral and liquidity services that mitigate financial frictions. A debt Laffer curve exists, which induces the government to issue bonds to a point where marginal debt has negative welfare effects. Debt positions in the order of magnitude of annual output remain sustainable despite the option to default. When default happens, liquidity on the bond market is impaired, which can trigger extended periods of recurrent haircuts

Outcome Prediction in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: The IN-REvASC Score.

BACKGROUND We identified risk factors, derived and validated a prognostic score for poor neurological outcome and death for use in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). METHODS We performed an international multicenter retrospective study including consecutive patients with CVT from January 2015 to December 2020. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic characteristics were collected. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to determine risk factors for poor outcome, mRS 3-6. A prognostic score was derived and validated. RESULTS A total of 1,025 patients were analyzed with median 375 days (interquartile range [IQR], 180 to 747) of follow-up. The median age was 44 (IQR, 32 to 58) and 62.7% were female. Multivariable analysis revealed the following factors were associated with poor outcome at 90- day follow-up: active cancer (odds ratio [OR], 11.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.62 to 27.14; P<0.001), age (OR, 1.02 per year; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.04; P=0.039), Black race (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.10 to 4.27; P=0.025), encephalopathy or coma on presentation (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.30; P=0.004), decreased hemoglobin (OR, 1.16 per g/dL; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.31; P=0.014), higher NIHSS on presentation (OR, 1.07 per point; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.11; P=0.002), and substance use (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.16 to 4.71; P=0.017). The derived IN-REvASC score outperformed ISCVT-RS for the prediction of poor outcome at 90-day follow-up (area under the curve [AUC], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.79 to 0.87] vs. AUC, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.66 to 0.76], χ2 P<0.001) and mortality (AUC, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.78 to 0.90] vs. AUC, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66 to 0.79], χ2 P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Seven factors were associated with poor neurological outcome following CVT. The INREvASC score increased prognostic accuracy compared to ISCVT-RS. Determining patients at highest risk of poor outcome in CVT could help in clinical decision making and identify patients for targeted therapy in future clinical trials