Real-time auralization for performers on virtual stages

This article presents an interactive system for stage acoustics experimentation including considerations for hearing one's own and others' instruments. The quality of real-time auralization systems for psychophysical experiments on music performance depends on the system's calibration and latency, among other factors (e.g. visuals, simulation methods, haptics, etc). The presented system focuses on the acoustic considerations for laboratory implementations. The calibration is implemented as a set of filters accounting for the microphone-instrument distances and the directivity factors, as well as the transducers' frequency responses. Moreover, sources of errors are characterized using both state-of-the-art information and derivations from the mathematical definition of the calibration filter. In order to compensate for hardware latency without cropping parts of the simulated impulse responses, the virtual direct sound of musicians hearing themselves is skipped from the simulation and addressed by letting the actual direct sound reach the listener through open headphones. The required latency compensation of the interactive part (i.e. hearing others) meets the minimum distance requirement between musicians, which is 2 m for the implemented system. Finally, a proof of concept is provided that includes objective and subjective experiments, which give support to the feasibility of the proposed setup

Telephone Headset Sound Exposure Assessment by Threshold Comparison

There is concern about the occupational sound exposure of people working at call centers. There are two standard methods to measure sound immission from headsets. The first one, known as microphone in real ear (MIRE) uses a tiny microphone or probe inside the ear canal. The second uses an artificial ear or head with microphones at the bottom of the artificial canals. Both methods require expensive equipment, which is not easy to justify for an occupational health service. We propose a method using only readily available equipment. It consists in three steps. First, the headset is electrically calibrated by comparing the hearing threshold (which is assumed to be independent of the source) with the headset under test and with standard audiometric earphones. Second, the electric signal received by the telephone headset during normal use is digitally recorded. Finally, the recorded signal is converted into its acoustic equivalent taking into account any equalisation needed to compensate for the known response of the audiometric earphones and the already measured response of the headset. This method has been implemented by software running on a portable computer and HDA 200 audiometric earphones.Fil: Miyara, Federico. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica. Laboratorio de Acústica y Electroacústica; ArgentinaFil: Guererro, Stella Maris. Provincia de Santa Fe. Municipalidad de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Accolti Mostazo, Ernesto Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica. Laboratorio de Acústica y Electroacústica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Room acoustics: Idealized field and real field considerations

How is an acoustically diffuse field defined? To what extent are the equations of diffuse field theory valid? These are the questions addressed in this presentation. The answers are explained through more general theories, in turn explained with figures. The starting point is the idealization of diffuse sound field, from where the basic calculation tools used in architectural acoustics are derived. Then, we go through the physical-mathematical models of wave theory and ray theory assuming diffuse field simplifications and analyze the scope of diffuse field models. Wave models and ray models are presented in a simple format with visual support and reference to the underlying mathematical models. The criteria used to define a diffuse field in frequency domain as well as in temporal domain are analyzed. Finally, we present a review of several state of the art tools used to address the real cases when diffuse field cannot be assumed.Fil: Accolti Mostazo, Ernesto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Automática. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Automática; ArgentinaFil: Di Sciascio, Fernando Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Automática. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Automática; Argentin

Telephone Headset Sound Exposure Assessment by Threshold Comparison

There is concern about the occupational sound exposure of people working at call centers. There are two standard methods to measure sound immission from headsets. The first one, known as microphone in real ear (MIRE) uses a tiny microphone or probe inside the ear canal. The second uses an artificial ear or head with microphones at the bottom of the artificial canals. Both methods require expensive equipment, which is not easy to justify for an occupational health service. We propose a method using only readily available equipment. It consists in three steps. First, the headset is electrically calibrated by comparing the hearing threshold (which is assumed to be independent of the source) with the headset under test and with standard audiometric earphones. Second, the electric signal received by the telephone headset during normal use is digitally recorded. Finally, the recorded signal is converted into its acoustic equivalent taking into account any equalisation needed to compensate for the known response of the audiometric earphones and the already measured response of the headset. This method has been implemented by software running on a portable computer and HDA 200 audiometric earphones.Fil: Miyara, Federico. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica. Laboratorio de Acústica y Electroacústica; ArgentinaFil: Guererro, Stella Maris. Provincia de Santa Fe. Municipalidad de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Accolti Mostazo, Ernesto Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica. Laboratorio de Acústica y Electroacústica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Blind Doppler Shift Compensation of Vehicle Noise and its Characterization for Traffic Noise Simulation

While a huge amount of literature has been devoted to the study of traffic noise, its aural simulation has received much less attention. Such simulation enables the determination of the sound both outside and inside buildings by means of proper filters. In recent years, a technique based on sound recording of each isolated vehicle in a fixed station, followed by Doppler compensation and noise characterization has been developed. Although this technique takes into account each source more precisely (such as engine and exhaust noise with load effect) as well as aerodynamic noise, it depends on the emission of a pilot tone from the source. This tone allows for the retrieval of the vehicle speed. In this paper, a new Doppler compensation method is proposed, based on the vehicle speed estimation from the tones contained in the recorded signal. This technique may be applied to any vehicle as far as it is reasonably isolated from other vehicles, it does not contaminate the signal of interest, and it needs no pilot tone emission from the source, making the method more practical. For aural simulation, a new model based on a polar scheme is considered and proposed. In this paper, the proposed method is assessed with experimental data, and results are compared with those of other existing techniques.Fil: Marengo Rodriguez, Fernando Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica. Laboratorio de Acústica y Electroacústica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Accolti Mostazo, Ernesto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica. Laboratorio de Acústica y Electroacústica; ArgentinaFil: Miyara, Federico. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura. Escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica. Laboratorio de Acústica y Electroacústica; Argentin

Funciones de transferencia de un arreglo circular de micrófonos en bafle con forma humana

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo inferir respuestas al impulso de una sala usando un parlante y 10 (diez) micrófonos distribuidos en el contorno de la cabeza de un maniquí con separación constante entre ellos. Con las respuestas en cuestión se busca conformar una base de datos que permita su posterior estudio. El prototipo empleado en las mediciones tiene como función conformar un arreglo de micrófonos montado en un cuerpo esférico que simule ser la cabeza del usuario y permita captar los sonidos desde distintos ángulos. La principal aplicación de los datos obtenidos es el desarrollo de un micrófono 360 destinado a aplicaciones de realidad virtual y a partir de este darle una direccionalidad más realista a cada uno de los audios, renderizandolos biauralmente, de manera de conformar un espacio sonoro envolvente que sumerja al usuario en una experiencia más atrapante y compleja.Fil: Accolti Mostazo, Ernesto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Automática. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Automática; ArgentinaFil: González Silva, Alfredo Manuel. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; Argentin

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