A fresh look at augmenter of liver regeneration in rats.

Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a hepatotrophic protein originally identified by bioassay in regenerating rat and canine livers following partial hepatectomy and in the hyperplastic livers of weanling rats, but not in resting adult livers. The ALR gene and gene product were subsequently described, but little is known about the cellular/subcellular sites of ALR synthesis in the liver, or about the release and dissemination of the peptide. To obtain this information in rats, we raised antibodies in rabbits against rat ALR for development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ALR concentrations were then determined in intact livers of unaltered weanling and adult rats; in regenerating residual liver after partial hepatectomy; in cultured hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells (NPCs); and in culture medium and serum. ALR in the various liver cells was localized with immunohistochemistry. In addition, hepatic ALR and ALR mRNA were assayed with Western blotting and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The hepatocyte was the predominant liver cell in which ALR was synthesized and stored; the cultured hepatocytes secreted ALR into the medium in a time-dependent fashion. Contrary to previous belief, the ALR peptide and ALR mRNA were present in comparable concentrations in the hepatocytes of both weanling and resting adult livers, as well as in cultured hepatocytes. A further unexpected finding was that hepatic ALR levels decreased for 12 hours after 70% hepatectomy in adult rats and then rose with no corresponding change in mRNA transcripts. In the meantime, circulating (serum) ALR levels increased up to 12 hours and declined thereafter. Thus, ALR appears to be constitutively expressed in hepatocytes in an inactive form, and released from the cells in an active form by unknown means in response to partial hepatectomy and under other circumstances of liver maturation (as in weanling rats) or regeneration

Possibilities available for the prevention of hearing impairment

The individual can hear different sounds, and the hearing impairment ranges in severity from degrees Mild and moderate levels that result in hearing impairment, to very severe degrees that result in designed by her Causes of hearing impairment  Hereditary causes, familial ,acquired causes Causes during pregnancy causes  during childbirth Postpartum causes External ear strikes-auricle abnormalitie disappearance of the external auditory canal Congenital disappearance of the external auditory canal and its closure may be at any site from the channel Hearing impairment is classified into three axes, according to the age group: According to the hearing loss, according to the nature and location of the injury. Therefore, early diagnosis and early intervention lead to the best results, but what is better than early intervention is to follow the golden rule prevention is better than cure.” These are some examples that can help avoid the “occurrence of a disability

Poetry of colors in the poetry of kazaar Handout شعريّة الألوان في شعر كزار حنتوش

In the name of of Allah the Merciful Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the master of the messengers Abi Qasim Muhammad and his beloved companions and companions. Poeticism is at the forefront of the new terminology, which has become a subject of the contemporary critical discourse, until all that is easy and abstaining, and became poetic forms of terminology, the most merciful and the most appropriate, but closed the concept and narrowed with what was with him. The colors have become a wide space in the poetry of Kazak Handout, because there is a sanctuary in which there are many secrets and connotations behind it. The most important signs of the colors are not real, but they are meant to give them other meanings and the heart of their explicit contents. But this daily and familiar poetry gave it an aesthetic touch in the consciousness of the recipient, and therefore this is what increases the insistence of the reader to follow the contents of these colors to get out of the semantics Latent in his back . The first axis focused on the term poetic and its importance in modern monetary studies. The second axis was color in the poetic perspective. The third axis dealt with the meanings of colors in the poetry of kazaar Handout. The research ended with a list of sources and references from which the research derived its ideas and texts. Finally, we ask God Almighty to grant us a service to the people of the House of Prophet hood, and to make us their followers and followers until the day we meet. Our last prayer is that the Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon His faithful messenger

The rights of disabled children in Iraq

Disability is generally defined as a physical, mental, or psychological injury that causes harm to the child’s physical or mental development, or both, and may affect his psychological state and the development of his education and training. Thus, the individual or the child becomes a person with special needs and is less than his peers of the same age in physical functions perception, or both. Handicapped children are usually classified into the following groups: Physically handicapped children disability physical Mentally retarded intellectual disabilitysocially handicapped children disability Social. Disability occurs for several reasons or factors, the most important of which are congenital factors , communicable diseases , non - communicable physical diseases , functional psychological and mental disorders , accidents , malnutrition , addiction to alcohol and drugs , and During pregnancy   problems occur . Since the disability, of its various types, drains a huge effort, incurred by the state and the family, so it depends Methods and programs protection From disability on me How aware are we?&nbsp

DNA barcoding reveals both cryptic and eurybathic, circumpolar species in Antarctic Lysianassoidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Recent molecular analyses revealed that many so-called “circum-Antarctic” benthic crustacean species appeared to be a complex of cryptic species with restricted distributions. In this study, we used DNA barcoding to detect possible cryptic diversity within the amphipod genus Orchomene s. lat. (superfamily Lysianassoidea) and to test the circumpolarity of some species belonging to this group. The analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequences indicated, in some species, a genetic homogeneity among specimens from remote sampling sites. Moreover, the eurybathy of some species was confirmed by a very low genetic diversity between specimens originating from shelf and abyssal depths. In other species, DNA barcoding revealed genetically divergent, cryptic taxa, occurring in sympatry. In addition, the DNA barcoding served as a tool for a quick sorting of the sample material into genetic units and enabled us to detect new species within the Orchomene complex. These results were confirmed by further analyses based on 28S rRNA sequences