46 research outputs found

    Nonverbal communication in virtual reality: Nodding as a social signal in virtual interactions

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    Nonverbal communication is an important part of human communication, including head nodding, eye gaze, proximity and body orientation. Recent research has identified specific patterns of head nodding linked to conversation, namely mimicry of head movements at 600 ms delay and fast nodding when listening. In this paper, we implemented these head nodding behaviour rules in virtual humans, and we tested the impact of these behaviours, and whether they lead to increases in trust and liking towards the virtual humans. We use Virtual Reality technology to simulate a face-to-face conversation, as VR provides a high level of immersiveness and social presence, very similar to face-to-face interaction. We then conducted a study with human-subject participants, where the participants took part in conversations with two virtual humans and then rated the virtual character social characteristics, and completed an evaluation of their implicit trust in the virtual human. Results showed more liking for and more trust in the virtual human whose nodding behaviour was driven by realistic behaviour rules. This supports the psychological models of nodding and advances our ability to build realistic virtual humans

    Nonverbal communication in virtual reality: Nodding as a social signal in virtual interactions

    Get PDF
    Nonverbal communication is an important part of human communication, including head nodding, eye gaze, proximity and body orientation. Recent research has identified specific patterns of head nodding linked to conversation, namely mimicry of head movements at 600 ms delay and fast nodding when listening. In this paper, we implemented these head nodding behaviour rules in virtual humans, and we tested the impact of these behaviours, and whether they lead to increases in trust and liking towards the virtual humans. We use Virtual Reality technology to simulate a face-to-face conversation, as VR provides a high level of immersiveness and social presence, very similar to face-to-face interaction. We then conducted a study with human-subject participants, where the participants took part in conversations with two virtual humans and then rated the virtual character social characteristics, and completed an evaluation of their implicit trust in the virtual human. Results showed more liking for and more trust in the virtual human whose nodding behaviour was driven by realistic behaviour rules. This supports the psychological models of nodding and advances our ability to build realistic virtual humans

    The legal system for registering a trademark in accordance with the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Trademarks and Related Legislation - A Comparative Study

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    Many references dealt with the subject of the trademark, its protection and registration, but few of them with the international registration and did not focus on the details of the procedures and research problems. This study aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of joining and registering within the Madrid system, whether for the applicant, intellectual property agent, or trademark registrar, with an indication of the trademark registration procedures within the Madrid Protocol. Starting with the submission of the registration application and its details, and then the stage after submitting the registration application. In addition to some problems, such as the case of rejecting and opposition or requesting the extension of protection in the Kingdom and replacing the national registration, as well as correcting errors in the international registration, renewing the registration, and finally making changes in a descriptive and analytical study with an indication of the proposed legal amendments. The research followed the comparative analytical descriptive approach, through which it reached a set of results related to the registration procedures including some recommendations. The amendment of Article 3/ 2 of the Protocol and pay attention to the declaration in Article (8/7/a) of the Protocol, and what is related to the refusal of protection during 18 months. Amending some articles by adding the necessary procedures for the implementation of the international registration stages, and clearly stipulating the adoption of the Nice System for Classification of Trademarks and receiving and sending all documents related to the registration of trademarks electronically

    Impact of Industry 4.0 on Environmental Sustainability

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    Industry 4.0 is a concept that originated from the German industry, and whose essence is the use of technology for efficient production. In business today, the emergence of Industry 4.0 for production, and its related technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems, amongst others, have, however, a negative impact on environmental sustainability as a result of air pollution, the poor discharge of waste, and the intensive use of raw materials, information, and energy. The method used in this study is an analysis of a literature review of manuscripts discussing topics related to Industry 4.0 and environmental sustainability published between 2000 and 2020. There is currently a gap existing between the actual and the desired situation, in that production occurs in a weak sustainability model, and, therefore, this research debates the effects on environmental sustainability and the challenges facing Industry 4.0. Four scenarios are discussed: a deployment scenario, an operation scenario, integration and compliance with sustainable development goals, and a long-run scenario. The results indicate that there is a negative relationship related to the flow of the production process from the inputs to the final product, including raw materials, energy requirements, information, and waste disposal, and their impacts on the environment. However, the integration of Industry 4.0 and the sustainable development goals enhance environmental sustainability to create ecological support that guarantees high environmental performance with a more positive impact than before. This paper will help stakeholders and companies to provide solutions to the existing environmental challenges that can be mediated through adopting new technologies. The novelty of this study is its depiction of Industry 4.0 and its technologies integrated with sustainable development goals to create a sustainable Industry 4.0 combining environmental protection and sustainability

    A Comparison between Natural Pozzolana and Fly Ash Replacements on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete

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    This study investigates the effect of Natural Pozzolana (NP) and Fly Ash (FA) substitutes on concrete's mechanical and microstructural properties. Mixes containing 10 - 50 % cement substitute ratios were prepared and tested for flexure and compressive strength after 28 days of curing. Then, qualitative microstructural analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In terms of compressive strength, the mixes containing only 10 % replacement ratios of both NP and FA showed an improvement of 10 % compared to the plain control mix. On the other hand, all mixes containing FA could attain at least a 25 % development in their flexural strength compared to the control mix. The microstructural analysis illustrated that adding FA and NP enhances cement hydration by improving the formation of dense hydration products such as calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide (C-H), which are mainly responsible for the performance of the improved mechanical properties of concrete
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