Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Trimethoprim, Sulfadimidine Sodiumand Tylosin Tartrate in injectable solution formulation

A simple, robust and reliable reversed phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Trimethoprim (TMP), Sulfadimidine sodium (SDMS) and Tylosin tartrate (TYT) in Nuroprim® injectable solution formulation. The desired separation was achieved on XBridge C18 column (150 4.6 mm i.d., 5m) at room temperature. The optimized mobile phase consisted of a binary solvent mixture of acetonitrile and aqueous triethylamine (TEA) solution adjusted to pH 5.7 by acetic acid. The mobile phase flow rate was fixed at 1.0 ml/min and the analytes were monitored at 287 nm using photodiode array detector. The effects of the chromatographic conditions on peaks capacity factor, USP tailing factor, column efficiency and resolution were systematically optimized. The method was validated as per International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines and found to be adequate for the routine quantitative determination of TMP, SDMS and TYT in commercially available Nuroprim® injectable solution dosage form.We would like to thanks Pharmacare pharmaceutical company (Palestine) for their continuous support

Boundary interpolation for slice hyperholomorphic Schur functions

A boundary Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problem is posed and solved in the quaternionic setting. Given nonnegative real numbers $\kappa_1, \ldots, \kappa_N$, quaternions $p_1, \ldots, p_N$ all of modulus $1$, so that the $2$-spheres determined by each point do not intersect and $p_u \neq 1$ for $u = 1,\ldots, N$, and quaternions $s_1, \ldots, s_N$, we wish to find a slice hyperholomorphic Schur function $s$ so that $$\lim_{\substack{r\rightarrow 1\\ r\in(0,1)}} s(r p_u) = s_u\quad {\rm for} \quad u=1,\ldots, N,$$ and $$\lim_{\substack{r\rightarrow 1\\ r\in(0,1)}}\frac{1-s(rp_u)\overline{s_u}}{1-r}\le\kappa_u,\quad {\rm for} \quad u=1,\ldots, N.$$ Our arguments relies on the theory of slice hyperholomorphic functions and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces

Иерархия факторов, мотивирующих деятельность человека в социально-экономической системе

Приведены результаты исследований потребностей как мотивирующих факторов деятельности человека. Многообразие мотивирующих факторов человеческой деятельности представлено в виде структуры витально-социальных (Пирамида Маслоу), социально-экономических и производственных потребностей, применимой к изучению сложных социально-экономических процессов и явлений

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Sulfaquinoxaline Sodium in Water Soluble Powder Formulation

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a stability-indicating hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic method for the determination of sulfaquinoxaline sodium (SQXS) in the presence of sulfaquinoxaline related compound A (SQXA) in a commercially available water soluble powder formulation. Methods: The analytes were separated on zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) column with a solvent mixture of 200mM ammonium acetate (NH4AC) solution and acetonitrile (ACN) (10:90; v/v) at pH adjusted to 5.7 by glacial acetic acid. The mobile phase flow was fixed at 0.5 ml/min and the analytes were monitored at 263nm at ambient temperature. Forced degradation experiments were carried out by exposing sulfaquinoxaline sodium standard and the water soluble powder formulation for thermal, photolytic, oxidative and acid-base hydrolytic stress conditions. Results: The results showed that SQXA and the other degradation products were fully resolved from sulfaquinoxaline sodium and thus the proposed ZIC-HILIC method is stability-indicating. Conclusion: The method was validated as per ICH and USP guidelines and found to be adequate for routine quantitative determination of SQXS in the presence of SQXA and other degradation impurities in commercially available water soluble powder dosage forms.The authors are grateful to Pharmacare pharmaceutical company for providing the facilities to carry out this research

Spatiotemporal alterations of cortical network activity by selective loss of NOS-expressing interneurons

Deciphering the role of GABAergic neurons in large neuronal networks such as the neocortex forms a particularly complex task as they comprise a highly diverse population. The neuronal isoform of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is expressed in the neocortex by specific subsets of GABAergic neurons. These neurons can be identified in live brain slices by the nitric oxide (NO) fluorescent indicator diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate (DAF-2DA). However, this indicator was found to be highly toxic to the stained neurons. We used this feature to induce acute phototoxic damage to NO-producing neurons in cortical slices, and measured subsequent alterations in parameters of cellular and network activity. Neocortical slices were briefly incubated in DAF-2DA and then illuminated through the 4× objective. Histochemistry for NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d), a marker for nNOS activity, revealed elimination of staining in the illuminated areas following treatment. Whole cell recordings from several neuronal types before, during, and after illumination confirmed the selective damage to non-fast-spiking (FS) interneurons. Treated slices displayed mild disinhibition. The reversal potential of compound synaptic events on pyramidal neurons became more positive, and their decay time constant was elongated, substantiating the removal of an inhibitory conductance. The horizontal decay of local field potentials (LFPs) was significantly reduced at distances of 300–400 μm from the stimulation, but not when inhibition was non-selectively weakened with the GABAA blocker picrotoxin. Finally, whereas the depression of LFPs along short trains of 40 Hz stimuli was linearly reduced with distance or initial amplitude in control slices, this ordered relationship was disrupted in DAF-treated slices. These results reveal that NO-producing interneurons in the neocortex convey lateral inhibition to neighboring columns, and shape the spatiotemporal dynamics of the network's activity

Validated HPLC Method to Simultaneously Determine Amprolium Hydrochloride, Sulfaquinoxaline Sodium and Vitamin K3 in A.S.K Powder on ZIC-HILIC Column

A new HPLC method that is based on zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) coupled with ultraviolet detection was developed, optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of amprolium hydrochloride, sulfaquinoxaline sodium, and Vitamin K3 (as menadione sodium bisulfite) in A.S.K powder. The separation was carried out using ZIC-HILIC column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 mm) and a mobile phase of 0.2 M Ammonium acetate (NH4AC) buffer and acetonitrile (15:85; v/v) with pH adjusted to 5.7 by glacial acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The analytes were monitored by UV detection at 263 nm. The effects of the operational chromatographic conditions on retention and resolution were tested. Different concentrations of the organic solvent in the mobile phase, the ionic strength of the NH4AC buffer and pH of the mobile phase were investigated. The optimized method was subjected to validation by examining specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, range, ruggedness and robustness. The results were evaluated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP33/NF28) guidelines and it fulfilled the validation criteria. The method is sensitive, specific, fast, accurate, and requires minimum sample manipulation. It was applied on commercial A.S.K batches, to which all the active ingredients were separated from their excipients.We would like to thank Pharmacare pharmaceutical company (Palestine) for their support of equipments, materials, columns needed to finish this study

Herglotz Functions of Several Quaternionic Variables

We first review realizations of Herglotz functions in the unit ball of CN and provide new insights. Then, we define the corresponding class and prove the extend the results in the case of several quaternionic variables

ENV-625: IMPACTS OF TREATED WASTEWATER REUSE IN IRRIGATION ON GROUNDWATER: CASE STUDY OF SADAT CITY – EGYPT

Groundwater is becoming an essential water resource in Egypt due to the deficit in water balance. It is planned to increase withdrawal in 2017 to 7.5 BCM and 3.5 BCM from renewable and non-renewable groundwater aquifers, respectively. In recent years there have been efforts to protect this water resource. The main objective of this paper is studying the impacts of reusing treated wastewater in irrigation after natural attenuation through the vadose zone. Hydrogeological data were collected to characterize the aquifer in Sadat City. A field program was conducted to identify the saturated hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer and the contaminant concentrations in groundwater. Field investigations were conducted by drilling five boreholes in the study area and five monitoring wells were installed. Groundwater flow and solute transport were simulated by VISUAL MODFLOW and MT3D. Four contaminants of concern were selected for simulation: magnesium, chloride, iron and nitrates. Seven irrigation scenarios were tested: primary treated wastewater, secondary treated wastewater, oxidation pond wastewater, tertiary treated wastewater, tertiary for double field water duty, irrigation with two-year rotation (primary treated wastewater and groundwater) and in the last scenario the study area is divided into 3 zones and irrigated with tertiary treated wastewater, oxidation pond wastewater and groundwater. The simulation results of the seven scenarios were presented and compared to the initial concentrations in groundwater. The results show that the contaminants of concern concentrations depend on initial concentrations in groundwater and the quality of the infiltrated water from the vadose zone

A digital health registry with clinical decision support for improving quality of antenatal care in Palestine (eRegQual): a pragmatic, cluster-randomised, controlled, superiority trial

Background Health worker compliance with clinical guidelines is enhanced by digital clinical decision support at the point of care. The Palestinian public health system is implementing a digital maternal and child health eRegistry with clinical decision support. We aimed to compare the quality of antenatal care between clinics using the eRegistry and those using paper-based records. Methods The eRegQual cluster-randomised controlled trial was done in primary health-care clinics offering routine antenatal care in the West Bank, Palestine. The intervention was the eRegistry with clinical decision support for antenatal care, implemented in District Health Information Systems 2 (DHIS2) Tracker software. 133 clinics forming 120 clusters were included and randomised; clusters were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the control (paper-based documentation) or intervention (eRegistry with clinical decision support) groups. The primary process outcomes were appropriate screening and management of anaemia, hypertension, and diabetes during pregnancy and foetal growth monitoring. The primary health outcome at delivery was a composite of moderate or severe anaemia; severe hypertension; large-for-gestational-age baby; malpresentation and small-for-gestational-age baby undetected before delivery. Data were analysed with mixed-effects logistic regression, accounting for clustering within clinics and pregnancies as appropriate. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN18008445). Findings Between Jan 15 and Sept 15, 2017, 3219 pregnant women received care in the intervention clinics (n=60 clusters) and 3148 pregnant women received care in the control primary health-care clinics (n=59 clusters). Compared with the control group, the intervention led to higher guideline adherence for screening and management of anaemia (1535 [28·9%] of 5320 vs 2297 [44·3%] of 5182; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1·88 [95% CI 1·52–2·32]), hypertension (7555 [94·7%] of 7982 vs 7314 [96·6%] of 7569; adjusted OR 1·62 [95% CI 1·29–2·05]), and gestational diabetes (1726 (39·7%) of 4348 vs 2189 (50·7%) of 4321; adjusted OR 1·45 [95% CI 1·14–1·83]) at eligible antenatal contacts. Only 599 (9·4%) of 6367 women attended the full antenatal care schedule, and better care provision did not translate to fewer adverse health outcomes in the intervention clusters (700 cases; 21·7%) compared to the control clusters (688 cases; 21·9%; adjusted OR 0·99; 95% CI 0·87–1·12). Interpretation Clinical decision support for antenatal care in the eRegistry was superior for most process outcomes but had no effect on the adverse health outcomes. The improvements in process outcomes strengthen the evidence for the WHO guideline for digital client tracking with clinical decision support in lower-middle-income settings. Digital health interventions to address gaps in attendance might help achieve effective coverage of antenatal care.publishedVersio