Um panorama da aqüicultura como alternativa sócio-econômica as comunidades tradicionais.

O rápido declínio dos recursos naturais disponíveis, indispensáveis à sobrevivência humana, produz efeitos negativos nas áreas social, ambiental e econômica. Declínio que leva ao deslocamento das populações tradicionais de seus territórios, em busca de fontes de renda alternativas capazes de garantir retorno econômico e sustento. A partir desse contexto, esse trabalho se propôs a descrever um cenário, através de vasta literatura disponível, de uma atividade que é recente no Brasil, mas com imenso potencial. Apresentando importantes aspectos que deverão ser abordados com maior atenção no futuro, se realmente a atividade for mais um instrumentos para melhoria das condições sócioeconômicas da população local, alívio da pressão sobre os estoques pesqueiros e incremento produtivo e renda

Assessment of adherence to prescribed therapy in patients with chronic Hepatitis B

Introduction: Evidence shows that treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV) can suppress viral load. Among the factors directly linked to therapeutic success is adherence to the treatment. Several instruments to assess adherence are available, but they are not validated for use in chronic hepatitis B. The purpose of this paper was to adapt and validate the “Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Questionnaire—HIV” (CEAT-VIH) for patients with chronic hepatitis B (referred to herein as CEAT-HBV). Methods: The validity of the adapted questionnaire evidence was established through concurrent, criterion, and construct validities. Results: We found negative and significant correlation between the domain “degree of compliance to antiviral therapy” assessed by CEAT-HBV and the Morisky test (r = −0.62, P < 0.001) and between the domain “barriers to adherence” and HBV viral load (r = −0.42, P < 0.001). In terms of the construct’s discriminative capacity, scores greater than or equal to 80 detected antiviral therapy success, which are necessary for the prediction of an undetectable HBV viral load. Thus, a cutoff value of 80.5 was set with a value of 81% for sensitivity and 67% for specificity. Conclusion: The CEAT-HBV identified 43% (n = 79) non-adherent patients and was shown to be a useful tool in clinical practiceThis research was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Alves de Queiroz Family Fund for Researc

Equilíbrio estático, força do quadríceps e torque dos dorsiflexores do tornozelo em mulheres férteis e na pós-menopausa

INTRODUCTION: Menopause is the period of life in which women experience progressive changes in their body. Muscular strength and balance are important examples of changes occurring in this group of individuals. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation and correlation of the static balance, quadriceps strength and ankle dorsiflexor torque in fertile (n = 20) and post-menopausal women (n = 45) were studied. METHODS: A device was used to record the ankle dorsiflexion torque and the quadriceps strength was measured according to the concept of one repetition maximum. The assessment of the static balance was made with the Polhemus system. RESULTS: The control group presented ankle dorsiflexor torque and quadriceps strength greater than the post-menopausal women, but the static balance was not different between groups. In control group, correlation was observed only between quadriceps strength and using the fixed platform with eyes closed. In the post-menopausal women there was a correlation between static balance and the ankle dorsiflexor torque in the fixed platform with eyes open (r = 0.386; p = 0.008); fixed platform with eyes closed (r = 0.373; p = 0.01) and unstable platform with eyes open (r = 0.343; p = 0.02). In this group correlation between static balance and quadriceps strength was observed in testing the use of fixed platform with eyes closed (r = 0.315; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the diminished muscular strength after menopause seems to be related to the hypoestrogenism and that the ankle dorsiflexor torque is an important factor for the maintenance of static balance in the first years of menopause.INTRODUÇÃO: A menopausa é um período em que a mulher apresenta progressivas alterações em seu organismo. A perda de força muscular e do equilíbrio corporal são importantes exemplos dessas alterações. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e correlacionar o equilíbrio estático, a força de quadríceps e o torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo de mulheres no período fértil (n=20) e de mulheres na pós-menopausa (n = 45). MÉTODOS: Foram registrados o torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo e a força do quadríceps. O equilíbrio estático foi avaliado utilizando-se o sistema Polhemus. RESULTADOS: O grupo controle apresentou maior torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo e maior força de quadríceps comparado ao grupo pós-menopausa, porém o equilíbrio estático não apresentou diferença entre os grupos. No grupo controle, foi observada correlação somente entre a força de quadríceps com a condição plataforma fixa olhos fechados. No grupo de mulheres na pós-menopausa houve correlação entre torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo e equilíbrio estático nas condições plataforma fixa olhos abertos (r = 0,386; p = 0,008), plataforma fixa olhos fechados (r = 0,373; p = 0,01) e plataforma instável olhos abertos (r = 0,343; p = 0,02). Neste mesmo grupo também houve correlação entre força de quadríceps e equilíbrio estático na condição plataforma fixa olhos fechados (r = 0,315; p = 0,03). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que a diminuição da força muscular após a menopausa parece estar relacionada ao hipoestrogenismo e que o torque dos dorsiflexores de tornozelo é um fator importante para a manutenção do equilíbrio estático nos primeiros anos da menopausa.Support for this research was provided by the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp) grants (#2007/54596-0, #2007/57685-4 and 2007/57685-4

Floral features, pollination biology and breeding system of Chloraea membranacea Lindl. (Orchidaceae: Chloraeinae)

Background and Aims: The pollination biology of very few Chloraeinae orchids has been studied to date, and most of these studies have focused on breeding systems and fruiting success. Chloraea membranacea Lindl. is one of the few non-Andean species in this group, and the aim of the present contribution is to elucidate the pollination biology, functional floral morphology and breeding system in native populations of this species from Argentina (Buenos Aires) and Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State). Methods:Floral features were examined using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The breeding system was studied by means of controlled pollinations applied to plants, either bagged in the field or cultivated in a glasshouse. Pollination observations were made on natural populations, and pollinator behaviour was recorded by means of photography and video.Key ResultsBoth Argentinean and Brazilian plants were very consistent regarding all studied features. Flowers are nectarless but scented and anatomical analysis indicates that the dark, clavate projections on the adaxial labellar surface are osmophores (scent-producing glands). The plants are self-compatible but pollinator-dependent. The fruit-set obtained through cross-pollination and manual self-pollination was almost identical. The main pollinators are male and female Halictidae bees that withdraw the pollinarium when leaving the flower. Remarkably, the bees tend to visit more than one flower per inflorescence, thus promoting self-pollination (geitonogamy). Fruiting success in Brazilian plants reached 60·78 in 2010 and 46 in 2011. Some pollinarium-laden female bees were observed transferring pollen from the carried pollinarium to their hind legs. The use of pollen by pollinators is a rare record for Orchidaceae in general.ConclusionsChloraea membrancea is pollinated by deceit. Together, self-compatibility, pollinarium texture, pollinator abundance and behaviour may account for the observed high fruiting success. It is suggested that a reappraisal and re-analysis of important flower features in Chloraeinae orchids is necessary.Fil: Sanguinetti, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Buzatto, Cristiano Roberto. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Pedron, Marcelo. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Davies, Kevin L.. Cardiff University; Reino UnidoFil: Ferreira, Pedro Maria De Abreu. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Maldonado, Sara Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; ArgentinaFil: Singer, Rodrigo Bustos. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi

Influence of cold deformation on microstructure, crystallographic orientation and tensile properties of an experimental austenitic Fe–26Mn-0.4C steel

The correlation between microstructure, crystallographic orientation and grain boundaries characteristics of an austenitic high manganese steel was systematically investigated. The as-received and cold-rolled specimens with 50% and 70% reduction were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction techniques. A significant increase in the fraction of low-energy S3 twin boundaries, from 16.21% to 24.41%, was found in the 70% deformed sample. This was coupled with the formation of {011} austenitic structure, and occurrence of twinning-induced plasticity. The ductile-brittle fracture mode observed in the 70% cold rolled sample, which can be attributed to the formation of the high fraction of low-energy S3 twin boundaries, minimized both the localized stored strain energy and lattice misfit and promoted dislocation glide. A potential employment of the investigated steel in the petroleum industry is discussed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Higuchi fractal dimension applied to RR intervals in children with Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is categorized by a lowered attention span, recklessness, and hyperactivity. Autonomic nervous system inequality has previously been studied using the same data by chaotic global techniques. We aim to compare the autonomic function of children with ADHD and controls by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: 28 children with ADHD (22 boys, mean age 10.0 years ± 1.9 years) and 28 controls (15 boys, mean age 9.9 years ± 1.8 years) rested in supine position with spontaneous breathing for 20 minutes. Heart rate was recorded beat by beat. HRV analysis was performed by Higuchi Fractal Dimension technique. Results: ADHD promoted an increase in the Higuchi Fractal Dimension. The optimum value of Kmax was 10. Conclusion: ADHD signifi cantly altered cardiac autonomic modulation as measured by the Higuchi fractal dimension of HRV. It can therefore be stated that ADHD has increased the complexity of the HRV  signal through cardiac autonomic modulation

Social representation of the hospital ludic: look of the child

Introdução: o brincar tem se tornado objeto de estudo nos diversos setores da sociedade, sendo considerado como uma atividade espontânea inata ao ser humano e necessário ao desenvolvimento infantil físico, social, emocional e cognitivo, facilita comunicação, ajuda na socialização e adaptação a ambientes e pessoas. Quando hospitalizadas, as criança se sentem vulneráveis, com pessoas desconhecidas, procedimentos invasivos e dolorosos, e a limitação das atividades exercidas por ela, tendem a tornar a situação pior. Objetivos: descrever a percepção da criança, acerca do lúdico no ambiente hospitalar e verificar a representação social da brinquedoteca para as crianças internadas a partir da técnica de Desenho-Estória com tema. Método: tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo e exploratório que utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados a técnica do Desenho – Estória com tema, tendo como sujeitos 12 crianças com idade entre 06 e 11 anos. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da discussão com subsídios teóricos estudados, além da observação dos pesquisadores, que possibilitou encontrar respostas ao problema pesquisado, estabelecendo as relações necessárias entre os dados obtidos e as hipótesesformuladas. Resultados: para as crianças o lúdico no contexto hospitalar estava ligado ao espaço da brinquedoteca, de forma que, a maior parte relatou que não brincavam no quarto, ou em qualquer outro local do hospital. Logo, sua representação social para as crianças foi identificada como um lugar onde acontece socialização, recuperação, onde se pode manipular imaginariamente o ambiente para aproximar-se da realidade cotidiana, ou transformar a situação vivenciada em algo familiar. Percebeu-se que a ludicidade mudam as idéias previamente formadas pela criança sobre o hospital, passando este, a ser percebido como um espaço que proporciona bem-estar e prazer, e onde se pode brincar. O desenho contextualiza e revela simbolicamente a situação de hospitalização, além de apresentar-se como elementoestruturante para a criança do ponto de vista emocional. Conclusões: a brinquedoteca é capaz de aumentar a adaptação da criança à nova situação que vivencia, e inclusive atuar sobre o restabelecimento de sua saúde. Por fim, constatamos que o lúdico é fator de proteção para crianças durante a hospitalização. Embora a obrigatoriedade da presença das brinquedotecas hospitalares em instituições de saúde com atendimento pediátrico seja um grande avanço para as políticas públicas, há ainda alguns desafios que necessitam ser superados, dentre eles a necessidade de engajamento dos profissionais de saúde e estabelecimento de uma rotina de funcionamento.Introduction: Play has become an object of study in various sectors of society, as it is viewed as an innate, spontaneous activity that is critical for a child’s physical, social, emotional and cognitive development, which facilitates communication, socialisation and adaptation to environments and people. During hospitalisation, children feel vulnerable as they have to cope with strange carers, invasive and painful procedures. Barriers to their regular activities tend to make the situation worse. Objectives: To describe the child’s view of his/her playfulness in the hospital environment and investigate the social representation of a hospital playroom for children exposed  to the story-drawing technique. Methods: This qualitative exploratory research used storydrawing as a tool for data collection with a sample of 12 children aged 6 to 11 years, while they were hospitalised. Data analysis was supported by a literature review and direct observation, which allowed the researchers to draw relationships between theory, the research hypotheses and the data collected. Findings: The children’s construction and representation of playfulness while in hospital was directly related to the playroom, since most of them reported not conceiving of the possibility to play in bed or elsewhere in the hospital. Soon the playroom was further viewed as a place for socialising and recovering from illness as they approximated this environment to their reality in an attempt to make it a closest-as-possible representation of their homes. It was observed that play changed the children’s preconceived ideas of the hospital, as they began to view the playroom as an environment in which they felt able to play and consequently well. Their story-drawings contextualised symbolically their current hospitalisation situation and became a scaffolding tool for their emotional well-being. Conclusions: The playroom can effectively aid hospitalised children to cope better with the new situation and support the restoration of their health. Play is an emotionally protective factor for children during hospitalisation. Although in Brazil it is now mandatory for health institutions to have a playroom with paediatric care, this breakthrough policy is still challenging for some institutions with respect to being staffed with engaged health professionals and establishing routine procedures

Ensino de eletricidade via bancada luminotécnica e simulador PhET

O ensino dos conceitos que envolvem os fenômenos elétricos no ensino médio se resume, na maioria das vezes, na apresentação dos conteúdos pelo professor e/ou resolução de exercícios. Neste contexto, uma proposta de ensino que incentive a utilização de atividades experimentais em consonância com atividades computacionais é necessária. A implementação dessa proposta leva a alguns questionamentos a respeito das vantagens e desvantagens no aprendizado dos estudantes quando comparadas com as aulas expositivas tradicionais (Santos & Dickman, 2019). Segundo Baquero (2001) as atividades experimentais são importantes para o desenvolvimento dos conceitos científicos. Já Fiolhais e Trindade (2003, p. 264), afirmam que “embora as simulações não devam substituir por completo a realidade que representam, elas são bastante úteis para abordar experiências difíceis ou impossíveis de serem realizadas na prática”. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de pesquisa que visa comparar a utilização de experimentos concretos (bancada luminotécnica) e virtuais (simulador PhET Interactive Simulations) com as aulas tradicionais expositivas. Além de realizar um estudo comparativo entre o uso de experimentos concretos e virtuais no ensino de física (Santos; Dickman, 2019)

Childhood pemphigus vulgaris is a challenging diagnosis

Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is an uncommon autoimmune and blistering mucocutaneous disease. Childhood Pemphigus Vulgaris (CPV) is a pediatric variant of PV, which affects children below 12 years, being very rare among children under 10 years of age. CPV has similar clinical, histological, and immunological features as seen in PV in adults. The mucocutaneous clinical presentation is the most common in both age groups. Vesicles and erosions arising from the disease usually cause pain. A few CPV cases have been reported in the literature. This study reports a case of an 8-year-old male patient with oral lesions since the age of 3 years, and the diagnosis of pemphigus was achieved only 2 years after the appearance of the initial lesions. CPV remains a rare disease, making the diagnosis of this clinical case a challenge due to its age of onset and clinical features presented by the patient. Therefore, dentists and physicians should know how to differentiate CPV from other bullous autoimmune diseases more common in childhood

PROGRAMAS DE LUZ PARA SUÍNOS EM CRESCIMENTO

Foi realizado um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de programas de luz sobre o desempenho e comportamento de suínos em fase de crescimento. O experimento foi conduzido no setor de suinocultura da UFLA, em Lavras, MG, utilizando-se 48 suínos machos castrados com peso médio inicial de 29,99±0,05kg e final de 76,66±0,84kg, alojados em grupos de dois em cada baia, compondo a unidade experimental. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, de acordo com o peso inicial em quatro programas de luz, sendo: luz natural (controle-LN); 15 horas de luz e nove de escuro por dia (15L: 9E); 19 horas de luz por dia (19L: 5E); 23 horas de luz por dia (23L: 1E). O experimento teve duração de 45 dias. As variáveis analisadas foram o comportamento dos animais (bebendo, fuçando, ócio e comendo), o desempenho (consumo de ração médio diário, ganho de peso médio diário, conversão alimentar e peso final). O uso de luz suplementar para suínos em crescimento não influenciou o desempenho dos animais