Effects of post-exercise cooling on heart rate recovery in normotensive and hypertensive men

Background: Post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) is determined by cardiac autonomic restoration after exercise and is reduced in hypertension. Post-exercise cooling accelerates HRR in healthy subjects, but its effects in a population with cardiac autonomic dysfunction, such as hypertensives (HT), may be blunted. This study assessed and compared the effects of post-exercise cooling on HRR and cardiac autonomic regulation in HT and normotensive (NT) subjects. Methods: Twenty-three never-treated HT (43±8 ys) and 25 NT (45±8 ys) men randomly underwent two exercise sessions (30 min of cycling at 70%VO2peak) followed by 15 min of recovery. In one randomly allocated session, a fan was turned on in front of the subject during the recovery (cooling), while in the other session, no cooling was performed (control). HRR was assessed by heart rate reductions after 60 (HRR60s) and 300s (HRR300s) of recovery, short-term time constant of HRR (T30), and the time constant of the HRR after exponential fitting (HRRτ). HRV was assessed using time- and frequency-domain indices. Results: HRR and HRV responses in the cooling and control sessions were similar between the HT and NT. Thus, in both groups, post-exercise cooling equally accelerated HRR (HRR300s = 39±12 vs. 36±10 bpm, p≤0.05) and increased post44 exercise HRV (lnRMSSD = 1.8±0.7 vs. 1.6±0.7 ms, p≤0.05). Conclusion: Differently from the hypothesis, post-exercise cooling produced similar improvements in HRR in HT and NT men, likely by an acceleration of cardiac parasympathetic reactivation and sympathetic withdrawal. These results suggest that post-exercise cooling equally accelerates HRR in hypertensive and normotensive subjects

Cadmium accumulation in sunflower plants influenced by arbuscular mycorrhiza

In order to investigate the cadmium (Cd) accumulation patterns and possible alleviation of Cd stress by mycorrhization, sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) were grown in the presence or absence of Cd (20 mu mol L(-1)) and inoculated or not inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices. No visual symptoms of Cd phytotoxicity were observed; nevertheless, in non-mycorrhizal plants the presence of Cd decreased plant growth. The addition of Cd had no significant effect on either mycorrhizal colonization or the amount of extra-radical mycelia that was produced by the AMF. Cd accumulated mainly in roots; only 22% of the total Cd absorbed was translocated to the shoots, where it accumulated to an average of 228 mg Cd kg(-1). Although the shoot-to-root ratio of Cd was similar in both the AMF inoculated and non-inoculated plants, the total absorbed Cd was 23% higher in mycorrhizal plants. Cd concentration in AMF extra-radical mycelium was 728 mu g g(-1) dry weight. Despite the greater absorption of Cd, mycorrhizal plants showed higher photosynthetic pigment concentrations and shoot P contents. Cd also influenced mineral nutrition, leading to decreased Ca and Cu shoot concentrations; N, Fe and Cu shoot contents; and increased S and K shoot concentrations. Cd induced guaiacol peroxidase activity in roots in both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, but this increase was much more accentuated in non-mycorrhizal roots. In conclusion, sunflower plants associated with G. intraradices were less sensitive to Cd stress than non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal sunflowers showed enhanced Cd accumulation and some tolerance to excessive Cd concentrations in plant tissues.10111

Grau de complexidade dos cuidados de enfermagem: readmissões hospitalares de pessoas com câncer de mama

Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar o grau de complexidade dos cuidados de enfermagem de pacientes com câncer de mama readmitidas na oncologia clínica. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal com 108 pessoas com câncer de mama readmitidas na oncologia clínica num centro de alta complexidade de oncologia do Rio de Janeiro durante 2015. Realizada análise documental sendo dados analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS Os graus de complexidade de cuidados de enfermagem predominantes foram semi-intensivos (36,1%) e cuidados intensivos (36,1%). Na análise multivariada, apenas a performance status (p<0,001) e a hipertensão arterial (p=0,024) permaneceram associados ao grau de complexidade. CONCLUSÕES O grau de complexidade dos pacientes readmitidos foi predominantemente semi-intensivo e intensivo. Essa avaliação implica no gerenciando do cuidado por meio do conhecimento do perfil dos pacientes com câncer de mama em readmissão hospitalar e da detecção das características associadas ao grau de complexidade