POLITICAL INSTITUTE OF THE STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL AND TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract. Article is devoted to problems of structuring state created history taking into account variety social, political, forms, various speed of a political genesis. Problems of allocation of development stages of the political organizations (statehood) taking into account uncertainty of the general units of the analysis, terms and concepts of rather various paradigms of structuring and a periodization of history are considered. It is shown that the decisive force causing transformation of all other public sectors is growth, distribution and deduction of a dominant position of the most effective in the conditions of this period of a political regime.Key words: historical, typological analysis, potestarny structures, historicism, Kondratiyev’s paradigm,political regime

Проблема сущности человека в контексте диалога науки и религии

The article reveals the essence of the problem of the origin of man from the point of view of science and religion. We consider a variety of theories to explain the religious idea of the creation of man by God, the philosophical concepts that attempt to rationally, without the help of God, the absolute mind or alien, to explain the origin of man

Role of agricultural clusters in provision of food security

The article is devoted to determination of the role of agricultural clusters in provision of food security. The authors analyzed the statistics of The Global Food Security Index of 2014 in the developing and developed countries and found out that the problem of provision of food security is very urgent in developing countries, which necessitates the search for effective tools for increasing the food security, one of which is creation of agricultural clusters. For the purpose of solving this task, the authors offer the model of uniting manufacturers and processers of agricultural production into a system which allows determining the mechanisms of their organization into the system of agricultural cluster. The authors allocated the following main courses of the increase of the food security by means of development of agricultural complex, through formation of agricultural clusters: development of the sectors of agricultural cluster, implementation of deep specialization, attraction of young specialists into agricultural cluster, increasing the qualification of staff in agriculture and agricultural processing, stipulating the promotion and consumption of local production, creation of regional association for the increase of efficiency of cooperation between members, attraction of investments, cooperation with regional bodies of executive power and federal bodies of state power.peer-reviewe

Instituto político del Estado en el contexto del análisis histórico y tipológico

The article is devoted to problems of structuring state created history taking into account a variety of social, political, forms, various speeds of political genesis. Problems of allocation of development stages of the political organizations (statehood) taking into account uncertainty of the general units of the analysis, terms, and concepts of rather various paradigms of structuring and periodization of history are considered. It is shown that the decisive force causing the transformation of all other public sectors is growth, distribution, and deduction of a dominant position of the most effective in the conditions of this period of a political regime.El artículo está dedicado a los problemas de estructuración de la historia creada por el estado teniendo en cuenta una variedad de formas sociales, políticas, diversas velocidades de génesis política. Se consideran los problemas de asignación de etapas de desarrollo de las organizaciones políticas (estatismo) teniendo en cuenta la incertidumbre de las unidades generales del análisis, los términos y los conceptos de varios paradigmas de estructuración y periodización de la historia. Se muestra que la fuerza decisiva que causa la transformación de todos los demás sectores públicos es el crecimiento, la distribución y la deducción de una posición dominante de los más efectivos en las condiciones de este período de un régimen político

Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation

Permafrost tundra contains more than twice as much carbon as is currently in the atmosphere, and it is warming six times as fast as the global mean. Tundra lakes dynamics is a robust indicator of global climate processes, and is still not well understood. Satellite data, particularly, from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a suitable tool for tundra lakes recognition and monitoring of their changes. However, manual analysis of lake boundaries can be slow and inefficient; therefore, reliable automated algorithms are required. To address this issue, we propose a two-stage approach, comprising instance deep-learning-based segmentation by U-Net, followed by semantic segmentation based on a watershed algorithm for separating touching and overlapping lakes. Implementation of this concept is essential for accurate sizes and shapes estimation of an individual lake. Here, we evaluated the performance of the proposed approach on lakes, manually extracted from tens of C-band SAR images from Sentinel-1, which were collected in the Yamal Peninsula and Alaska areas in the summer months of 2015–2022. An accuracy of 0.73, in terms of the Jaccard similarity index, was achieved. The lake’s perimeter, area and fractal sizes were estimated, based on the algorithm framework output from hundreds of SAR images. It was recognized as lognormal distributed. The evaluation of the results indicated the efficiency of the proposed approach for accurate automatic estimation of tundra lake shapes and sizes, and its potential to be used for further studies on tundra lake dynamics, in the context of global climate change, aimed at revealing new factors that could cause the planet to warm or cool

Novel degradable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment

The weakening of the manmade load on the environment has become a global goal of humanity. The accumulation of toxic substances in effl uents can increase the acceleration of pollution of the planet’s watersheds, resulting in biota pollution. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create photocatalysts that cause self-excitation under the ignition of light. Also, important parameters of photocatalysts are simple synthesis and low cost. This article demonstrates a one-step approach to the synthesis of carbon nanostructures (CNS) with photocatalytic activity. For this purpose, the “green chemistry ” method is used – hydrothermal treatment of various polysaccharides (sodium dextran sulfate (SDS), starch, pectin), which opens up the possibility of recycling products. A comprehensive study of the properties of the synthesized CNS has been carried out. To study the optical properties of CNS, absorption and luminescence spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy, have been used. The CNS obtained have been successfully used in the processes of photocatalytic destruction of a model of the organic dye tartrazine, which is widely used in the fi ber and textile industries. The eff ect of lyophilization on the photocatalytic properties of СNS has been studied, and cytotoxicity has been evaluated

Environmental Behavior of Youth and Sustainable Development

The relationship between people and nature is one of the most important current issues of human survival. This circumstance makes it necessary to educate young people who are receptive to global challenges and ready to solve the urgent problems of our time. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of the environmental behavior of young people in the metropolis. The authors studied articles and monographs that contain Russian and international experience in the environmental behavior of citizens. The following factors determine people’s behavior: the cognitive capabilities of people who determine the understanding and perception of nature and the value-affective component that determines the attitude towards nature. The next task of the study is surveying young people through an online survey and its analysis. The research was realized in Ekaterinburg, the administrative center of the Sverdlovsk region (Russia). The study of the current ecological situation in Ekaterinburg made it possible to conclude that the environmental problem arises not only and not simply as a problem of environmental pollution and other negative influences of human economic activity. This problem grows into transforming the spontaneous impact of society on nature into a consciously, purposefully, systematically developing harmonious interaction with it. The study results showed that, from the point of view of the youth of Ekaterinburg, the city’s ecological situation is one of the most pressing problems. Despite minor improvements over the past 3–5 years, this problem has not lost relevance, and regional authorities and city residents should be responsible for its solution. Young people know environmental practices, but they often do not apply them systematically. Ecological behavior is encouraged and discussed among friends/acquaintances. The key factors influencing the formation of environmental behavior practices are the mass media and social networks. The most popular social network for obtaining information on ecological practices among young people is Instagram, and the key persons are bloggers. This study did not reveal the influence of the socio-demographic characteristics of young people on the application of eco-behavior practices, which may indicate the need for a survey of a larger sample