Scientific literacy in the pre-school level: first knowledge as tools for health promotion and prevention of Chagas disease

En el presente trabajo se describe una experiencia educativa realizada en cuatro Jardines preescolares (Kindergarten) de un área rural de la provincia de La Rioja (Argentina). Esta zona es endémica para la enfermedad de Chagas, considerada uno de los principales problemas de salud pública de Latinoamérica. La experiencia involucró a un total de 198 alumnos de nivel inicial, de entre de 3 y 5 años de edad. Los niños, por medio de juegos y actividades recreativas, recibieron los primeros conocimientos científicos relacionados a la forma de transmisión de esta grave enfermedad y pautas de cómo prevenirla. Al mismo tiempo, se inculcaron contenidos procedimentales propios del trabajo en ciencia como el manejo de lupas binoculares, la comparación, la elaboración de conclusiones en base a indagaciones guiadas. Los contenidos conceptuales consistieron en conocer e identificar a los insectos que transmiten el parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, el cual es causante de la enfermedad de Chagas. Utilizando prácticas lúdicas se pretende dar un enfoque innovador para la apropiación de pautas de conducta que favorezcan la promoción de la salud y, al mismo tiempo, conseguir el acercamiento de los niños a la ciencia desde el nivel inicial.In this paper, an educational experience carried out in four Kindergartens in a rural area in La Rioja province (Argentina) is described. This province is endemic for Chagas disease, considered one of the main public health problems in Latin America. The experience involved 198 pre-school students, aged between 3 and 5 years old. Children, through games and recreational activities, were exposed to scientific knowledge of transmission of this serious disease and how to prevent it. At the same time, the pupils learned typical proceedings of work in science, such as handling binocular loupe microscope, comparison and elaboration of conclusions based on guided inquiries. The conceptual contents developed were identify the insects that transmit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causal agent of Chagas disease. This aims to provide an innovative approach to the appropriation of behavioral patterns that favor the promotion of health through ludic practices and at the same time, getting the children approach science from the initial level

High density of REC8 constrains sister chromatid axes and prevents illegitimate synaptonemal complex formation

During meiosis, cohesin complexes mediate sister chromatid cohesion (SCC), synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly and synapsis. Here, using super-resolution microscopy, we imaged sister chromatid axes in mouse meiocytes that have normal or reduced levels of cohesin complexes, assessing the relationship between localization of cohesin complexes, SCC and SC formation. We show that REC8 foci are separated from each other by a distance smaller than 15% of the total chromosome axis length in wild-type meiocytes. Reduced levels of cohesin complexes result in a local separation of sister chromatid axial elements (LSAEs), as well as illegitimate SC formation at these sites. REC8 but not RAD21 or RAD21L cohesin complexes flank sites of LSAEs, whereas RAD21 and RAD21L appear predominantly along the separated sister-chromatid axes. Based on these observations and a quantitative distribution analysis of REC8 along sister chromatid axes, we propose that the high density of randomly distributed REC8 cohesin complexes promotes SCC and prevents illegitimate SC formation.European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, 634113 GermAgeSwedish Cancer SocietySwedish Research CouncilKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratoryAccepte

Human disease locus discovery and mapping to molecular pathways through phylogenetic profiling

Genes with common profiles of the presence and absence in disparate genomes tend to function in the same pathway. By mapping all human genes into about 1000 clusters of genes with similar patterns of conservation across eukaryotic phylogeny, we determined that sets of genes associated with particular diseases have similar phylogenetic profiles. By focusing on those human phylogenetic gene clusters that significantly overlap some of the thousands of human gene sets defined by their coexpression or annotation to pathways or other molecular attributes, we reveal the evolutionary map that connects molecular pathways and human diseases. The other genes in the phylogenetic clusters enriched for particular known disease genes or molecular pathways identify candidate genes for roles in those same disorders and pathways. Focusing on proteins coevolved with the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), we identified the Notch pathway suppressor of hairless (RBP-Jk/SuH) transcription factor, and showed that RBP-Jk functions as an MITF cofactor

First record of Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) associated with Burrowing Parrots nests (Cyanoliseus patagonus) (Aves: Psittacidae)

Triatoma infestans es el vector más importante de la enfermedad de Chagas de la Argentina. Se cita por primera vez la presencia de T. infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) asociado a nidos de loro barranquero Cyanoliseus patagonus (Psittasiformes: Psittacidae) construidos en viviendas de adobe abandonadas. Se discuten las posibles implicancias de este hallazgo para la vigilancia entomológica del vector.Triatoma infestans is the most important vector of Chagas disease in Argentina. We report for the first time the presence of T. infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) associated with burrowing parrot nests Cyanoliseus patagonus (Psittasiformes: Psittacidae) built on abandoned adobe houses. The possible implications of this finding are discussed, for entomological surveillance of the vector.Fil: Hernández, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia Tecnológica de Anillaco; ArgentinaFil: Amelotti, Ivana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia Tecnológica de Anillaco; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia Tecnológica de Anillaco; ArgentinaFil: Abrahan, Luciana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia Tecnológica de Anillaco; ArgentinaFil: Gorla, David Eladio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia Tecnológica de Anillaco; ArgentinaFil: Catala, Silvia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia Tecnológica de Anillaco; Argentin

Alfabetización científica en el ámbito preescolar: primeros conocimientos como herramientas para la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la Enfermedad de Chagas

In this paper, an educational experience carried out in four Kindergartens in a rural area in La Rioja province (Argentina) is described. This province is endemic for Chagas disease, considered one of the main public health problems in Latin America. The experience involved 198 pre-school students, aged between 3 and 5 years old. Children, through games and recreational activities, were exposed to scientific knowledge of transmission of this serious disease and how to prevent it. At the same time, the pupils learned typical proceedings of work in science, such as handling binocular loupe microscope, comparison and elaboration of conclusions based on guided inquiries. The conceptual contents developed were identify the insects that transmit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causal agent of Chagas disease. This aims to provide an innovative approach to the appropriation of behavioral patterns that favor the promotion of health through ludic practices and at the same time, getting the children approach science from the initial level.En el presente trabajo se describe una experiencia educativa realizada en cuatro Jardines preescolares (Kindergarten) de un área rural de la provincia de La Rioja (Argentina). Esta zona es endémica para la enfermedad de Chagas, considerada uno de los principales problemas de salud pública de Latinoamérica. La experiencia involucró a un total de 198 alumnos de nivel inicial, de entre de 3 y 5 años de edad. Los niños, por medio de juegos y actividades recreativas, recibieron los primeros conocimientos científicos relacionados a la forma de transmisión de esta grave enfermedad y pautas de cómo prevenirla. Al mismo tiempo, se inculcaron contenidos procedimentales propios del trabajo en ciencia como el manejo de lupas binoculares, la comparación, la elaboración de conclusiones en base a indagaciones guiadas. Los contenidos conceptuales consistieron en conocer e identificar a los insectos que transmiten el parásito Trypanosoma cruzi, el cual es causante de la enfermedad de Chagas. Utilizando prácticas lúdicas se pretende dar un enfoque innovador para la apropiación de pautas de conducta que favorezcan la promoción de la salud y, al mismo tiempo, conseguir el acercamiento de los niños a la ciencia desde el nivel inicial.Palabras clave: educación inicial; educación para la salud; alfabetización científica.Scientific literacy in the pre-school level: first knowledge as tools for health promotion and prevention of Chagas diseaseIn this paper, an educational experience carried out in four Kindergartens in a rural area in La Rioja province (Argentina) is described. This province is endemic for Chagas disease, considered one of the main public health problems in Latin America. The experience involved 198 pre-school students, aged between 3 and 5 years old. Children, through games and recreational activities, were exposed to scientific knowledge of transmission of this serious disease and how to prevent it. At the same time, the pupils learned typical proceedings of work in science, such as handling binocular loupe microscope, comparison and elaboration of conclusions based on guided inquiries. The conceptual contents developed were identify the insects that transmit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, causal agent of Chagas disease. This aims to provide an innovative approach to the appropriation of behavioral patterns that favor the promotion of health through ludic practices and at the same time, getting the children approach science from the initial level.Keywords: Initial education; health education; scientific literacy

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for acquired resistance to EGFR therapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

The advent of targeted therapy has transformed the treatment paradigm and survival of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with driver mutations. The development of acquired resistances during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) impedes a prolonged survival in many patients. This fact is leading to the use of locally ablative therapies such as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) to counter these resistances. SABR is a non-invasive treatment that can be delivered in multiple locations and has already proven effective in oligometastatic disease. Clinical evidence suggests that the combination of SABR with TKIs prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic NSCLC patients with mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with international guidelines recommending their use in unfavorable scenarios such as oligoprogressive disease. In this publication, we have reviewed the available evidence on EGFR-TKIs resistance mechanisms and the combination of SABR with TKI in metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations. We also describe the utility and clinical recommendations of this combination in oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease

Diabetes gestacional compensada con insulina

Introduction: the population incidence of gestational diabetes varies approximately between 3 and 10 %, according to ethnic groups, diagnostic criteria and population areas studied and is associated with a higher frequency of maternal and perinatal complications.Objective: to identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with insulin-compensated gestational diabetes.Method: a prospective, analytical and cross-sectional research was carried out at the “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado” General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río during the 2016 - 2018 period. The universe was made up of all the pregnant women treated at the reference institution in the period studied. (N=5967). The sample consisted of a Study Group of 134 pregnant women with insulin-compensated gestational diabetes and the Control Group of 204 diet-compensated diabetics who had their births in the same period.Results: the group of 20-24 years of age and the diagnoses of gestational diabetes between 19-23 weeks were significant. Predominantly in pregnant women with insulin-compensated gestational diabetes: the normal weights and those with adequate weight gain. The most frequent maternal morbidity was bacterial vaginosis.Conclusions: insulin-compensated gestational diabetes is not an adverse risk factor for the development of maternal and fetal complications.Introducción: la incidencia poblacional de diabetes gestacional varía aproximadamente entre un tres y un 10 %, según etnias, criterios diagnósticos y áreas poblacionales estudiadas y se asocia con una mayor frecuencia de complicaciones maternas y perinatales. Objetivo: identificar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de las pacientes con diabetes gestacional compensada con insulina.Método: se realizó una investigación prospectiva, analítica y transversal en el Hospital General Docente “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado” de Pinar del Río durante el período 2016 - 2018. El universo estuvo conformado por todas las gestantes atendidas en la institución de referencia en el período estudiado (N=5967). La muestra quedó constituida por un Grupo Estudio de 134 gestantes con diabetes gestacional compensada con insulina y el Grupo Control de 204 diabéticas compensadas con dieta que tuvieron sus nacimientos en igual período.Resultados: resultó significativo el grupo de 20-24 años de edad y los diagnósticos de diabetes gestacional entre las 19-23 semanas. Predominando en las gestantes con diabetes gestacional compensadas con insulina: las normo pesos y las que presentaron incremento adecuado de peso. La morbilidad materna más frecuente fue la vaginosis bacteriana. Conclusiones: la diabetes gestacional compensada con insulina no constituye un factor de riesgo adverso para el desarrollo de complicaciones maternas y fetales