Wetland construction and its impact on presence of anseriformes

Flertalet våtmarker restaureras eller anläggs varje år i Sverige för att få en ökad biologisk mångfald, rikare kulturmiljö, renare vatten och ett vackrare landskap. För att anlägga dessa våtmarker krävs resurser i form av såväl tid som pengar, då kan det vara av intresse att påvisa effekter för att motivera ytterligare restaureringar. Vi har valt att undersöka hur anläggning av våtmark påverkar förekomsten av andfåglar (Anseriformes). Vi genomförde en analys där vi jämförde antalet individer före och efter anläggning av våtmark. Våtmarkerna var inventerade av Svensk fågeltaxering genom ideell inventering. Analysen gjordes med Mann-Whitney U-test eftersom datat ej var normalfördelat. Syftet med arbetet var att jämföra antalet observerade andfåglar före och efter anläggning av våtmarker, där anläggningsformen eller syftet med själva anläggningen inte tagits hänsyn till. För att uppnå detta syfte har en statistisk metod nyttjats och analyser genomförts. I resultatet framkom en ökning i medeltal per inventeringstillfälle av antalet individer före och efter restaurering medan antalet observerade arter var detsamma. Det tyder på att anläggningen av våtmarker är positivt för andfåglar. Statistiskt kunde sambandet bara visas i datasetet med fria rutter.Several wetlands are restored or constructed every year in Sweden to increase biodiversity, get a richer cultural environment, cleaner water and a more pleasing looking landscape. Building these wetlands requires resources in terms of time and money, which makes observed effects be of interest to motivate further restorations. We have chosen to examine the construction of wetland affects the presence of Anseriformes. Thus, we have conducted an analysis comparing inventoried individuals before and after the establishment of wetlands, which have been invented by Swedish bird taxation through an ideal inventory. The analysis is done with Mann-Whitney U-test because of the data not being normalized. The purpose of the work was to compare the quantity of birds observed before and after the establishment of wetlands, where the purpose or form of establishment itself, has not been taken into account. To achieve the purpose, a statistical method has been used and analyses have been carried out. In the result, an increase on average per inventory was found by the number of individuals before and after restoration while the numbers of observed species were the same. This suggests that the site of wetlands is positive for the birds. The statistics could only be shown in the dataset with free routes

Short-Lived Trace Gases in the Surface Ocean and the Atmosphere

The two-way exchange of trace gases between the ocean and the atmosphere is important for both the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere and the biogeochemistry of the oceans, including the global cycling of elements. Here we review these exchanges and their importance for a range of gases whose lifetimes are generally short compared to the main greenhouse gases and which are, in most cases, more reactive than them. Gases considered include sulphur and related compounds, organohalogens, non-methane hydrocarbons, ozone, ammonia and related compounds, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Finally, we stress the interactivity of the system, the importance of process understanding for modeling, the need for more extensive field measurements and their better seasonal coverage, the importance of inter-calibration exercises and finally the need to show the importance of air-sea exchanges for global cycling and how the field fits into the broader context of Earth System Science

The PI3K/Akt1 pathway enhances steady-state levels of FANCL

Fanconi anemia hematopoietic stem cells display poor self-renewal capacity when subjected to a variety of cellular stress. This phenotype raises the question of whether the Fanconi anemia proteins are stabilized or recruited as part of a stress response and protect against stem cell loss. Here we provide evidence that FANCL, the E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Fanconi anemia pathway, is constitutively targeted for degradation by the proteasome. We confirm biochemically that FANCL is polyubiquitinated with Lys-48-linked chains. Evaluation of a series of N-terminal-deletion mutants showed that FANCL's E2-like fold may direct ubiquitination. In addition, our studies showed that FANCL is stabilized in a complex with axin1 when glycogen synthase kinase-3β is overexpressed. This result leads us to investigate the potential regulation of FANCL by upstream signaling pathways known to regulate glycogen synthase kinase-3β. We report that constitutively active, myristoylated-Akt increases FANCL protein level by reducing polyubiquitination of FANCL. Two-dimensional PAGE analysis shows that acidic forms of FANCL, some of which are phospho-FANCL, are not subject to polyubiquitination. These results indicate that a signal transduction pathway involved in self-renewal and survival of hematopoietic stem cells also functions to stabilize FANCL and suggests that FANCL participates directly in support of stem cell function