Folk Lore Uses of Some Plants by the Tribes of Madhya Pradesh with Special Reference to Their Conservation

Madhya Pradesh sustains a very rich traditional medicinal plant wealth and inherits unique plant and animal communities. Due to deforestation, loss of biodiversity and indiscriminate exploitation of wild and natural resources, many valuable herbs like Abrus precatorious, Bauhinia variegta, Mucuna prurita, etc., are at the verge of extinction. The present paper enumerates status, conservation strategies and traditional uses of 80 plant species by the tribes of Madhya Pradesh. The claims were gathered by interviewing tribes of the study area. Attempts were made to verify the efficacy of claims with actual beneficiaries, although this was not possible in all cases due to social customs

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Calotropis gigantea R.Br. Flowers

Hepatitis has spread widely due to environmental pollution damaging liver cells, which need regeneration of hepatocytes and gradual replacement of the damaged cells. Since Calotropis gigantea is widely used in Ayurveda for the treatment of liver disorders, attempt was made to scientifically evaluate its hepatoprotective activity in rats

A Review on Comparative Analysis of Leaf Spring by Using Different Variable Materials

Reducing weight while increasing or maintaining strength of products is getting to be highly important research issue in this modern world. Composite materials are one of the material families which are attracting researchers and being solutions of such issue. In this paper we describe design and analysis of polymer composite leaf spring. The objective is to compare the stresses, deformations and weight saving of composite leaf spring with that of steel leaf spring. The Automobile Industry has great interest for replacement of steel leaf spring with that of composite leaf spring, since the composite materials has high strength to weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. The material selected was glass fibre reinforced polymer (E-glass/epoxy) and is used against conventional steel. The design parameters can be selected and analysed with the objective of minimizing weight of the composite leaf spring as compared to the steel leaf spring

Plasma flows in the cool loop systems

We study the dynamics of low-lying cool loop systems for three datasets as observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). Radiances, Doppler shifts and line widths are investigated in and around observed cool loop systems using various spectral lines formed between the photosphere and transition region (TR). Footpoints of the loop threads are either dominated by blueshifts or redshifts. The co-spatial variation of velocity above the blue-shifted footpoints of various loop threads shows a transition from very small upflow velocities ranging from (-1 to +1) km/s in the Mg\,{\sc ii} k line (2796.20~\AA; formation temperature: log (T/K) = 4.0) to the high upflow velocities from (-10 to -20) km/s in Si\,{\sc iv}. Thus, the transition of the plasma flows from red-shift (downflows) to the blue-shift (upflows) is observed above the footpoints of these loop systems in the spectral line C\,{\sc ii} (1334.53~\AA; \log (T/K) = 4.3) lying between Mg\,{\sc ii} k and Si\,{\sc iv} (1402.77~\AA; log (T / K) = 4.8). This flow inversion is consistently observed in all three sets of the observational data. The other footpoint of loop system always remains red-shifted indicating downflowing plasma. The multi-spectral line analysis in the present paper provides a detailed scenario of the plasma flows inversions in cool loop systems leading to the mass transport and their formation. The impulsive energy release due to small-scale reconnection above loop footpoint seems to be the most likely cause for sudden initiation of the plasma flows evident at TR temperatures.Comment: 29 Pages, 14 figures, The Astrophysical Journal (in press

Comparative bacterial degradation and detoxification of model and kraft lignin from pulp paper wastewater and its metabolites

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EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED EXTRACT FROM PLANT INGUDI (BALANITES AEGYPTIACA LINN. DELILE)

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ingudi (Balanites Aegyptiaca Linn. Delile.) was done against human pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized compound was first screened by disc diffusion method against Gram positive Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25323 and Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27893, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, human pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains of candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis) according to the guidelines of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 1997). Fresh grown bacteria were mixed in sterile saline (0.85%) and the turbidity was matched with McFarland No. 2 system to achieve concentration of 107 CFU/ml. Sterile petri plates containing 20 mL of Mueller Hinton agar (MHA, Hi-Media) were used for all bacterial culture. The bacterial innoculum suspension were spread on the surface of agar plates and allowed to solidify for 5 min. Sterile disc (5mm) of Whatman paper no. 1 was then placed on the surface of the media and the test compounds (25µl/ml) was put and allowed to diffuse and plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C for bacterial cultures and fungal culture were incubated for 72 hr at 25°C. DMSO was used as negative control, Ciprofloxacin (5µg/disc, Hi-Media) was used as positive control for bacteria. The highest antibacterial potential was exhibited by Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25323 and Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27893 among tested microorganisms