Loop Tiling in the Presence of Exceptions

Exceptions in OO languages provide a convenient mechanism to deal with anomalous situations. However, many of the loop optimization techniques cannot be applied in the presence of conditional throw statements in the body of the loop, owing to possible cross iteration control dependences. Compilers either ignore such throw statements and apply traditional loop optimizations (semantic non-preserving), or conservatively avoid invoking any of these optimizations altogether (inefficient). We define a loop optimization to be xception-safe, if the optimization can be applied even on (possibly) exception throwing loops, in a semantics preserving manner. In this paper, we present a generalized scheme to do exception-safe loop optimizations and present a scheme of optimized exception-safe loop tiling (oESLT), as a specialization thereof. oESLT tiles the input loops, assuming that exceptions will never be thrown. To ensure the semantics preservation (in case an exception is thrown), oESLT generates code to rollback the updates done in the advanced iterations (iterations that the unoptimized code would not have executed, but executed speculatively by the oESLT generated code) and safely-execute the delayed iterations (ones that the unoptimized code would have executed, but not executed by the code generated by oESLT). For the rollback phase to work efficiently, oESLT identifies a minimal number of elements to backup and generates the necessary code. We implement oESLT, along with a naive scheme (nESLT, where we backup every element and do a full rollback and safe-execution in case an exception is thrown), in the Graphite framework of GCC 4.8. To help in this process, we define a new program region called ESCoPs (Extended Static Control Parts) that helps identify loops with multiple exit points and interface with the underlying polyhedral representation. We use the popular PolyBench suite to present a comparative evaluation of nESLT and oESLT against the unoptimized versions

FPGA Implementation & Performance Comparision of Various High Speed unsigned Binary Multipliers using VHDL

Today, most of the DSP computations involve the use of multiply accumulate operations and therefore the design of fast and efficient multipliers is imperative. The addition and multiplication of two binary numbers is the fundamental and most often used arithmetic operation in microprocessors, digital signal processors and data-processing application-specific integrated circuits. In this paper, we present the study of different types of multipliers by comparing the speed and area of each. In this work, VHDL coding and XILINX ISE Simulator is employed to implement multipliers like WTM, Dadda Multiplier, Vedic Multiplier, CSHM, Serial Multiplier and Multipliers using different compressors in Wallace tree architecture. The analysis of this work would be helpful to choose a better multiplier in order to fabricate an efficient system

Inflationary Freedom and Cosmological Neutrino Constraints

The most stringent bounds on the absolute neutrino mass scale come from cosmological data. These bounds are made possible because massive relic neutrinos affect the expansion history of the universe and lead to a suppression of matter clustering on scales smaller than the associated free streaming length. However, the resulting effect on cosmological perturbations is relative to the primordial power spectrum of density perturbations from inflation, so freedom in the primordial power spectrum affects neutrino mass constraints. Using measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the galaxy power spectrum and the Hubble constant, we constrain neutrino mass and number of species for a model-independent primordial power spectrum. Describing the primordial power spectrum by a 20-node spline, we find that the neutrino mass upper limit is a factor 3 weaker than when a power law form is imposed, if only CMB data are used. The primordial power spectrum itself is constrained to better than 10% in the wave vector range k≈0.01−0.25  Mpc^(−1) . Galaxy clustering data and a determination of the Hubble constant play a key role in reining in the effects of inflationary freedom on neutrino constraints. The inclusion of both eliminates the inflationary freedom degradation of the neutrino mass bound, giving for the sum of neutrino masses Σm_ν<0.18  eV (at 95% confidence level, Planck+BOSS+H_0), approximately independent of the assumed primordial power spectrum model. When allowing for a free effective number of species, N_(eff) , the joint constraints on Σm_ν and N_(eff) are loosened by a factor 1.7 when the power law form of the primordial power spectrum is abandoned in favor of the spline parametrization

Diagnostic accuracy of HE4 and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm in prediction of ovarian cancer in patients with pelvic mass: a regional cancer centre experience

Background: The current study was performed with an objective to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of HE4 (human epididymis protein) and ROMA in prediction of ovarian cancer in patients with pelvic mass and to compare HE4 and ROMA with CA-125, and RMI (risk of malignancy index) for ovarian cancer prediction in women with pelvic mass.Methods: This was a diagnostic study enrolling 200 patients with pelvic mass who had been scheduled for Primary surgery. Serum HE4 and CA 125 levels were measured. HE4, CA 125 and ROMA, RMI were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots were graphed and area under the curve (AUC) values was calculated to investigate the accuracy of each marker for predicting ovarian malignancy.Results: Overall, ROMA showed the highest accuracy as it correctly classified 139/200 (69.5%) patients compared with 133/200 (66.5%) in HE4 and 109/200 (54.5%) in CA 125 and RMI. There were more patients with benign tumors being correctly identified by HE4 (89/119, 74.7%) and ROMA (74/119, 62.1%), than CA 125 which identified 39/119 (32.7%) patients. In our study in premenopausal women ROMA and HE4 have comparable sensitivity (80%and 75%) but higher specificity (64% and 65%) and NPV (86% and 83%) as compared to CA125 which has sensitivity of (83%) but very low specificity (46%) in differentiating benign from malignant masses. In postmenopausal women, HE4 had highest specificity (88%) and, CA125 has highest sensitivity (86%) in detecting ovarian malignancy.Conclusions: HE4 and ROMA showed a high specificity, but were less sensitivity than CA-125 and RMI in premenopausal women. However, ROMA is of comparable sensitivity and HE4 has highest specificity as compared to CA125 in postmenopausal women

Is the Scyphozoan jellyfish Lychnorhiza malayensis symbiotically associated with the crucifix crab Charybdis feriatus?

Scyphozoan jellyfish (Medusae), the gelatinous invertebrate group, plays a vital role in the global oceanic and coastal ecosystems. By virtue of their floating nature, and horizontal and vertical spread in the water column, they are known to have varied associations with other invertebrates and teleosts, which make them an integral part of the marine ecosystem

Assessment of provisional ecosystem services in Vypin Island, Cochin Backwater and payment for coastal ecosystem services

Assessment of provisional ecosystem services in Vypin Island, Cochin Backwater and payment for coastal ecosystem service

Principal Component Analysis Approach for Yield Attributing Traits in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Genotypes

The research work was investigated among 55 okra accessions in RCBD with three replications and was evaluated for seventeen phenotypic characteristics of okra principal component analysis at the Agriculture Research Farm, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab). According to principal component analysis (PCA), six of the seventeen (PC1 to PC6) PCs had eigenvalues above 1.0 and a cumulative variance of around 75.52.&nbsp; PC 1 alone accounted for the highest variance of 25.38 by PC1, followed by PC 2 with 15.98%. The outcomes of this investigation might be used as a foundation for defining and implementing subsequent okra breeding initiatives. Days to the 1st flowering, days to the 50% flowering and days to the first fruit harvest appear above the average variance contribution of each PC in the screen plot. Biplot analysis of PC1 and PC2 in contribution dim.1 revealed 25% and dim.2 revealed 16%

FABRICATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE LITHIUM BATTERY, Li0.5La0.5TiO3/LiFePO4-C INTERFACE

The Li0.5La0.5TiO3 and LiFePO4/C has been prepared using sol-gel method for its interface analysis towards its application for all solid state assembly. The LiFePO4cathode material and Li0.5La0.5TiO3 solid electrolyte has been individually tested for its electrochemical reversibility. The thin film battery assembly shows severe capacity fading, which results in electrochemically non active with the chosen anode materials. In order to verify the electrochemical activity and interaction of Li0.5La0.5TiO3-LiFePO4/C interface the mixture has been tested for its electrochemical reversibility. The Li0.5La0.5TiO3-LiFePO4/C interface exhibits well resolved oxidation-reduction hype which verifies its suitability towards all solid state assemblies