Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem for Email Encryption

The idea of information security lead to the evolution of cryptography. In other words, cryptography is the science of keeping information secure. It involves encryption and decryption of messages. The core of cryptography lies in the keys involved in encryption and decryption and maintaining the secrecy of the keys. Another important factor is the key strength, i.e. the difficulty in breaking the key and retrieving the plain text. There are various cryptographic algorithms. In this project we use Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) over Galois field. This system has been proven to be stronger than known algorithms like RSA, DSA, etc. Our aim is to build an efficient elliptic curve cryptosystem for secure transmission or exchange of confidential emails over a public network

Peak Trekking of Hierarchy Mountain for the Detection of Cerebral Aneurysm using Modified Hough Circle Transform

The Circle of Willis is in the junction of two carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries that supply the brain with nutrition. Junctions where these arteries come together may develop weak spots that can balloon out and fill with blood, creating aneurysms. These sac-like areas may leak or rupture, spilling blood into surrounding tissues which may cause artery spasm leading to potential stroke or even death. Clipping and coiling are two treatment options preferred by neurosurgeon which require proper detection of aneurysm. Medical practitioners are therefore emphasizing on the prior detection of cerebral aneurysm (CA) before rupture occurs leading to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). This paper presents a novel method by application of Modified Hough Circle Transform & Peak Trekking (MHCT-PT) technique on the image extracted from Digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Experimental results have firmly substantiated that the proposed method is highly efficient in properly detecting the location, size and type of aneurysm

Peak Trekking of Hierarchy Mountain for the Detection of Cerebral Aneurysm using Modified Hough Circle Transform

The Circle of Willis is in the junction of two carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries that supply the brain with nutrition. Junctions where these arteries come together may develop weak spots that can balloon out and fill with blood, creating aneurysms. These sac-like areas may leak or rupture, spilling blood into surrounding tissues which may cause artery spasm leading to potential stroke or even death. Clipping and coiling are two treatment options preferred by neurosurgeon which require proper detection of aneurysm. Medical practitioners are therefore emphasizing on the prior detection of cerebral aneurysm (CA) before rupture occurs leading to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). This paper presents a novel method by application of Modified Hough Circle Transform & Peak Trekking (MHCT-PT) technique on the image extracted from Digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Experimental results have firmly substantiated that the proposed method is highly efficient in properly detecting the location, size and type of aneurysm

Dyslexia and EFL

Legasthenie bei SchülerInnen ist einer der Ursachen für soziale und psychologische Probleme, welche gelöst werden kann. Die Problematik mit Lese- und Schreibmängel in Verbindung mit Legasthenie, könnte dazu führen, dass viele Kinder ihre Möglichkeiten, eine höhere Ausbildung und damit einen besseren Lebensstandard zu erlangen, nicht ausschöpfen können, falls die Legasthenie von den LehrerInnen, den Eltern und den Gesetzgebern unbeachtet, und ignoriert wird. Die darauf resultierenden Folgen wären keine Förderung der Begabungen, und die Einstufung der Betreffenden als behindert oder als Problemkinder. Weder gibt es eine eindeutige Erklärung für die Ursache der Legasthenie, noch ein Heilmittel dafür. Dadurch wäre das Ziel, bestmögliche Definitionen und mögliche Ursachen in Bezug auf die Entstehung der Legasthenie zu erläutern, und sie dann erfolgreich durch den Lehrkörper mit Lösungen, Konzepten und Strategien im Englischfremdsprachenunterricht umsetzen lassen. Dabei dürfe man im Gegensatz zu Mathematik und Kunst die Wichtigkeit von Rechtschreibung und Lesen nicht außer Acht lassen, was eine große Herausforderung für SchülerIn und LehrerIn mit sich bringt. Als erstes werden Hypothesen wie die Phonologische-Defizit-Hypothese und die cerebelläre Defizit-Hypothese in Zusammenhang mit einer genetischen Störung als mögliche Ursachen für Legasthenie erläutert. Diese sind die Grundlagen für Argumente, wie man die soziale Interaktion des/r legasthenischen Schülers/Schülerin aus psychologischer und sozialer Sicht begründet. So entscheidet sich, welche Methoden und Konzepte sich erfolgreich im Englischfremdsprachenunterricht bezüglich LehrerIn/SchülerIn-Beziehungen durchsetzen. Die in meiner Arbeit angeführten Methoden beinhalten Metakognition, Metalinguistik und Mnemonik, welche sich durch Theorien und Beispiele den besten Weg der Motivation, Integration und bessere Zukunftsaussichten der Legastheniker in den normalen Schullehrplan erweisen.Dyslexia is one of the causes of social and psychological problems among pupils at school that can be solved. The dilemma of reading and spelling deficits associated with dyslexia, if not dealt with by teachers, parents and policy makers can result in many not being able to benefit from their potential for entering higher education and indeed a better life, since their talents go unnoticed and they are sadly ‘shoved by side’ as retarded and/or problematic youngsters. There is no direct answer why dyslexia exists, neither is there a cure. The aim is thus to find and present the best definitions of dyslexia, why it exists and use them to find methods, concepts and strategies for teachers to successfully put into use in EFL learning where spelling and reading is crucial, as opposed to Mathematics and the Arts, and thus a great challenge for both pupil and teacher. At first hypotheses such as the Phonological Deficit Hypothesis and the Cerebellum Deficit Hypothesis are explained in connection with a genetic disorder that could be the cause of the deficits. These form the basis of reasoning how the dyslexic pupil interpells with his/her surroundings from a psychological and social point of view. Teacher/pupil relation will then decide which approaches, concepts, and methods can ensure success in teaching EFL to dyslexics. The methods presented are meta-cognition, meta-linguistics and mnemonics which through theories and examples will prove the best way of motivating and thus integrating dyslexics into the normal school curriculum with better prospects of a successful future

E-COMMERCE IN INDIA-A REVIEW

ABSTRACT Electronic commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. Rather, e-commerce is a paradigm shift. It is a ``disruptive"" innovation that is radically changing the traditional way of doing business. Ecommerce is showing tremendous business growth in our country. Increasing internet users have added to its growth. Ecommerce has helped online travel industry in many ways and added a new sales avenue through online retail industry in our country. The present study has been undertaken to describe the present status and facilitators of ECommerce in India, analyze the present trends of E-Commerce in India and examine the barriers of E-Commerce in India

Relative Hyperbolicity, Trees of Spaces and Cannon-Thurston Maps

We prove the existence of continuous boundary extensions (Cannon-Thurston maps) for the inclusion of a vertex space into a tree of (strongly) relatively hyperbolic spaces satisfying the qi-embedded condition. This implies the same result for inclusion of vertex (or edge) subgroups in finite graphs of (strongly) relatively hyperbolic groups. This generalises a result of Bowditch for punctured surfaces in 3 manifolds and a result of Mitra for trees of hyperbolic metric spaces.Comment: 27pgs No figs, v3: final version, incorporating referee's comments, to appear in Geometriae Dedicat

DNA replication during intra-erythrocytic stages of human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the most virulent form of human malaria, has deservingly held the candidature of being one of the most studied human pathogens. Here we attempt an overview of the studies probing one of the important aspects of DNA metabolism, that is, DNA replication in this parasite, focusing on the relatively well-characterized core components of chromosomal DNA replication in the asexual intra-erythrocytic stage

Carbon Cycling in Mangrove Ecosystem of Western Bay of Bengal (India)

Carbon cycling in the mangrove ecosystem is one of the important processes determining the potential of coastal vegetation (mangroves), sediment, and adjoining waters to carbon absorption. This paper investigates the carbon storage capacity of five dominant mangrove species (Avicenia marina, Avicenia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora mucronata, and Xylocarpous granatum) on the east coast of the Indian mangrove along with the role they play in the carbon cycling phenomenon. Soil and water parameters were analyzed simultaneously with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Above Ground Carbon (AGC) values for 10 selected stations along. The total carbon (TC) calculated from the study area varied from 51.35 ± 6.77 to 322.47 ± 110.79 tons per hectare with a mean total carbon of 117.89 ± 28.90 and 432.64 ± 106.05 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The alarm of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for reducing carbon emissions has been addressed by calculating the amount of carbon stored in biotic (mangroves) and abiotic (soil and water) compartments. This paper focuses on the technical investigations on the factors that control the carbon cycling process in mangroves. This blue carbon will help policymakers to develop a sustainable relationship between marine resource management and coastal inhabitants so that carbon trading markets can be developed, and the ecosystem is balancedThis research was funded by the MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES, GOVT. OF INDIA, grant number MoES/36/OOIS/Extra/44/2015 dated 29 November 2016S