COMPARATIVE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ROOTS OF YELLOW KARWEER (THEVETIA NERIIFOLIA JUSS) BEFORE AND AFTER PURIFICATION PROCESS

Yellow Karweer/ oleander (Thevetia neriifolia synonym Thevetia peruviana) belongs to the family Apocynaceae. It is a poisonous plant, with various pharmacological activities. It is used by Ayurvedic physician in various diseases, especially in the skin disease. Karweer are potentially lethal plants after ingestion. All parts of the plants are toxic and contain a variety of cardiac glycosides. Excess use of Karaweer results in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dysrhythmia and hypocalcaemia in most cases. Administration of Karweer is recommended only after the Shodhana (purification procedures) in Godugdha (cow’s milk).MethodAfter purification with cow’s milk by boiling method, Yellow Karweer root was evaluated for their pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis. The obtained roots were investigated for their powder microscopically characters, phytochemical characters like preliminary phytochemical screening and Thin layer chromatography as per the API guidelines.ResultsOrganoleptic study shows variations in colour, odour, taste and appearance in all samples after purification. Microscopically study of powder highlights some changes like more number of oil globules in Godugdha (cow's milk) purified sample. Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycoside, flavonoids, reducing sugar, etc.ConclusionThe observed data can be helpful to delineate the impact of purification process on yellow Karweer roots. Media has an important role to reduce the toxic effects and increase the potency

Automation of Universal Testing machine using Human Machine Interface (HMI)

In the material strength test, stress and strain rate are often required to be constant. For example, during the cement quality inspection, the loading rate is required to be2.4 ± 0.2KN/S [1]; when measuring the upper and lower yielding points of metallic materials, the stain rate should stay between 0.00025/S and 0.0025/S; In the determination of elongation at break, the stress rate should stay in the range of 1-10N/mm2 S-1 when the elasticity modulus smaller than 150000 N/mm2 [2]. Since 1950s, Material Testing Machines, which adopted large-flow electro-hydraulic servo, valve to form control system, have appeared in developed countries. Control system of this type could meet the requirements for the stress and strain rate in the material strength test. For example, MTS and Instron from USA, Schench from German, and Shimadzu from Japan all adopted this type of system. With the improvement of the manufacturing level of proportional valve and the development of control technology, electro-hydraulic proportional valve began to be used as the main control part home and abroad [4]. However, this type of parts, which is vulnerable to pollution, requires medium of high cleanliness. It is of large noise and high price. This type of system could go wrong easily for the complex hydraulic system DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15017

Design and evaluation of taste masked chewable dispersible tablet of lamotrigine by melt granulation

Lamotrigine, an antiepileptic drug (AED) of the phenyltriazine class, is chemically unrelated to existing antiepileptic drugs. Lamotrigine is also used in the treatment of depression and bipolar disorder. But it is a bitter drug and slightly soluble in water. Thus, in the work under taken, an attempt was made to mask the taste and to formulate into a chewable dispersible tablet by complexation with Precirol ATO-05, which also acts as taste masking agent. Since, these tablets can be swallowed in the form of dispersion; it is suitable dosage form for paediatric and geriatric patients. Drug-Precirol ATO-05 was prepared in drug to Precirol ATO-05 ratio of 1:2, 1:1.5, 1:1, 1:0.5. The prepared tablets were evaluated for general appearance, content uniformity, hardness, friability, taste evaluation, mouth feel, in vitro disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets with Precirol ATO-05 have shown good disintegrating features, also, the dispersion not showing any bitter taste, indicate the capability of Precirol ATO-05 used, both as taste masking agents. Almost more than 90 percent of drug was released from the formulation within 1 h. Further formulations were subjected to stability testing for 3 months at temperatures 25±5ºC/60±5%RH; 30±5ºC/65±5%RH and 40±5ºC/75±5%RH. Tablets have shown no appreciable changes with respect to taste, disintegration, and dissolution profiles.Keywords: Lamotrigine; Melt granulation; Precirol; Taste masking; Chewable dispersible tablets

Power Generation by Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Electrical power could be a prime necessity for any country for economic development. And power shortage could be a dominant downside, being featured by the foremost of the countries these days. On prime of this, typical fuel sources for generation, i.e., coal, oil deposits square measure quick obtaining depleted. The apparent solution is to shift focus to renewable sources of energy. Statistics reveal that of the big quantity of wind energy. The wind generation created by the motor may be hold on in an exceedingly battery and may later be wont to power the road lights. These wind turbines are transportable and may thus be used on any expressways or busy highways. A system for power generation by utilizing wind draft force from vehicles traveling on route provides a two kind of turbine apparatuses, one sort is for road facet that sits on the facet of a route; another sort is for road center that is put in on at traffic divider line at middle of a roadway. Once vehicle moves at high speed, heaps energy wont to force air in its means, by setting wind turbines on road facet and middle of road, some parts of the wasted energy may be re-captured. The rotary engine may be used commercially for low power applications. The implementation of such a project would scale back the dependence of a corporation or trade on electricity board

Using Carbon Dioxide to Enhance Recovery of Methane from Gas Hydrate Reservoirs: Final Summary Report

Carbon dioxide sequestration coupled with hydrocarbon resource recovery is often economically attractive. Use of CO2 for enhanced recovery of oil, conventional natural gas, and coal-bed methane are in various stages of common practice. In this report, we discuss a new technique utilizing CO2 for enhanced recovery of an unconventional but potentially very important source of natural gas, gas hydrate. We have focused our attention on the Alaska North Slope where approximately 640 Tcf of natural gas reserves in the form of gas hydrate have been identified. Alaska is also unique in that potential future CO2 sources are nearby, and petroleum infrastructure exists or is being planned that could bring the produced gas to market or for use locally. The EGHR (Enhanced Gas Hydrate Recovery) concept takes advantage of the physical and thermodynamic properties of mixtures in the H2O-CO2 system combined with controlled multiphase flow, heat, and mass transport processes in hydrate-bearing porous media. A chemical-free method is used to deliver a LCO2-Lw microemulsion into the gas hydrate bearing porous medium. The microemulsion is injected at a temperature higher than the stability point of methane hydrate, which upon contacting the methane hydrate decomposes its crystalline lattice and releases the enclathrated gas. Small scale column experiments show injection of the emulsion into a CH4 hydrate rich sand results in the release of CH4 gas and the formation of CO2 hydrat

Prevention of recurrence and relapse of tinea incognito W.S.R. to Dadru

Introduction: Fungal infections are the most common infection of skin in India. Recurrence and relapse are very common. Incomplete treatment and use of steroid is responsible for resistant Tinea incognito. Main Clinical Finding: A female patient of 23-year-old had erythematous papulo-vesicular lesions over the right underarm and inguinal region from the last 1 year. History of temporary relief due to modern medicine with relapse was observed. Striae marks were evident over thighs indicating skin atrophy. Diagnosis: Patient was diagnosed with Tinea incognito (Ayurvedic diagnosis Dadru with Dooshivisha as a causative factor). Interventions: Patient was successfully managed with Dooshivishahara and Rakta Prasadak Chikitsa. Outcome: Improvement was evident after 3 weeks of therapy. No recurrence was reported till date. Conclusions: Ayurvedic approach to Tinea incognito not only helps to reduce relapse and recurrence but also physical discomfort and financial burden on patient

Parametric studies of methyl esters synthesis from Thumba seed oil using heterogeneous catalyst under conventional stirring and ultrasonic cavitation

The depletion of petroleum resources has created great demand for environmental friendly renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is one of the alternatives to petroleum fuels. The objective of present study is to produce biodiesel (Thumba methyl ester) from Thumba oil in presence acidic ion exchange resin i.e. Amberlyst 15 catalyst followed by results of experimental investigation carried out by the conventional stirring method as well as an ultrasonic cavitation method. The effect of molar ratio (1:4 to 1:8 (oil to alcohol)), catalyst concentration (1.0–1.4% (Weight of catalyst/Weight of oil)), Reaction temperature (55 °C–70 °C) on yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and conversion of triglycerides (TG) were studied by keeping other process parameter constant. Many experiments were employed to investigate the effects of these parameters. Using conventional stirring method, More than 91% conversion of TG was obtained at optimum values of 65 °C in 1 h with 1:6 oil to methanol molar ratio and catalyst concentration of 1.2% Amberlyst 15 in oil. A higher yield of thumba methyl ester about 89% and conversion of triglycerides about 97% was obtained in ultrasonic cavitation reactor within 40 min only. The optimized values of temperature, oil to alcohol molar ratio and catalyst concentration were found to be 65 °C, 1:6 molar ratio and 1.2 wt% of oil respectively. Ultrasonic cavitation method was found to be more rapid, energy efficient and time saving over conventional stirring method. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard heat of reaction, standard Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant at optimized operating conditions were reported. A kinetic study of transesterification of Thumba oil for conventional heating method is presented in this paper. The observed rate constant for the overall reaction was of two orders. The experimental data thus obtained was well fitted to the second order kinetics with respect to methanol. Keywords: Biodiesel, Citrullus colocyntis, Thumba oil, Transesterification, Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME