PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION AND CONSERVATION STUDIES

Satyrium nepalense is an endangered medicinal herb found at the higher altitude of 2400-5000m. Local inhabitant used tubers of Satyrium nepalense as an energetic tonic and as an important medicine to cure different type of fever in traditional health care system of Uttarakhand (INDIA). Present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antibacterial screening against four (Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) microorganisms in methanolic extracts and habitat studies for conservation of S. nepalense. Tubers of Satyrium nepalense were extracted separately with methanol by hot extraction process using soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were subjected to Lyophilization to get dry extract and preserved in aseptic condition. The different group reagents used for phytochemical s,reening as dragendorffs\u27s for alkaloid, molisch\u27s test for carbohydrates, shinoda test for flavonoids etc. Antibacterial study was carried out by disc diffusion method. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded as 15.0±0.00 mm against Klebsiella pneumonia and 15.0± 0.82 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates/glycosides, f lavonoids and unsaturated sterols/ triterpenes in Satyrium nepalense. The result indicates that methanolic extract of Satyrium nepalense shows potent antibacterial activity against all four bacterial strains

Estimation of gingerol content in different brand samples of ginger powder and their anti-oxidant activity: A comparative study

Gingerol is the most abundant constituent of fresh ginger has potent antioxidant activity but it decreases during postharvest storage and processing. The present work efforts have been made to estimate Gingerol content in different brand samples of Ginger powder and their antioxidant activity compared with the sample cultivated through organic farming. Organic farmed sample was collected from the FRI, Dehradun (UK), other samples were taken from the markets of Srinagar Garhwal and Dehradun and was identified from the Dept. of Botany H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal (UK). All regents and chemicals were used of analytical and HPLC grade and extraction was carried out by hot solvent extraction method. FRAP method was used for Antioxidant activity. Simple reversed-phase HPLC-UV method, with gradient elution, was used to estimate the gingerol. A typical HPLC-UV chromatogram was obtained which exhibited a clean and smooth baseline with excellent resolution where all the marker peaks could be identified and quantified. The amount of gingerol in the sample S1 is 04.54%, in S2 is 08.01%, in S3 is 06.74%, in S4 is 04.20%, in S5 is 06.74% and in S6 is 08.54%, estimated respectively by HPLC analysis. Among all samples, S6 (ginger cultivated through organic farming) has significant quantity of gingerol in comparison to other market samples.The reducing ability of different samples of ginger extracts was in the range of 368.27 ± 23.43-3107.28 ± 42.31μmol/g dry weight. The FRAP values for the methanolic extracts of rhizomes in all six varieties were significantly lower than those of vitamin C and α-tocopherol, but higher than that of BHT. When we compared all five market samples with ginger cultivated through organic farming had excellent antioxidant activity. The results conclude that ginger which cultivated through organic farming has a significant antioxidant activity and has a positive relationship between antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents. The high antioxidant activity shows the higher level of total phenolic and flavonoids

Formulation and evaluation of herbal antioxidant face cream of Nardostachys jatamansi collected from Indian Himalayan region

Objective: To prepare and evaluate a herbal antioxidant face cream which is made by the ethanol extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (Valerianceae). Methods: Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was assessed by previously reported 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. By discovering different types of formulations, such as oil in water, we were able to create several face creams respectively classified from F1 to F6, by incorporating different concentrations of stearic acid and acetyl alcohol. The evaluation of all formulations (F1 to F6) has been done by the analysis of different parameters like pH, viscosity, spread ability and stability. Results: An ethanol fraction analyzed from a sample of Nardostachys jatamansi showed a significant antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 58.39 μg/mL while for ascorbic acid the IC50 value was 46.68 μg/mL. Among the six formulations (F1-F6) F5 and F6 showed good spread ability, good consistency, homogeneity, appearance, pH; there is no proof of a separation phase and ease of removal. Also the formulations F5 and F6 showed no redness or edema or erythema and irritation during irritancy studies. Conclusions: These formulations can be safely used on the skin. Hence, the study suggests that the composition of extract and the base of the cream F5 and F6 are more stable and safe, but it may produce synergistic action

Comparative evaluation of polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities between ethanol extracts of Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia L. leaves by different methods

The in vitro antioxidant potential assay between ethanolic extracts of two species from the genus Vitex (Vitex negundo L. and Vitex trifolia L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae family were evaluated. The antioxidant properties of different extracts prepared from both plant species were evaluated by different methods. DPPH scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, and β-carotene-linoleic acid and ferrous ion chelation methods were applied. The antioxidant activities of these two species were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic acid, and Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Both species of Vitex showed significant antioxidant activity in all of the tested methods. As compared to V. trifolia L. (60.87–89.99%; 40.0–226.7 μg/mL), V. negundo has been found to hold higher antioxidant activity (62.6–94.22%; IC50 = 23.5–208.3 μg/mL) in all assays. In accordance with antioxidant activity, total polyphenol contents in V. negundo possessed greater phenolic (89.71 mg GAE/g dry weight of extract) and flavonoid content (63.11 mg QE/g dry weight of extract) as compared to that of V. trifolia (77.20 mg GAE/g and 57.41 mg QE/g dry weight of extract respectively). Our study revealed the significant correlation between the antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of both plant species

Satyrium nepalense: A RARE MEDICINAL ORCHID OF WESTERN HIMALAYA (INDIA); PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION AND CONSERVATION STUDIES

Satyrium  nepalense  is  an  endangered  medicinal  herb  found at  the higher altitude of 2400-5000m. Local inhabitant used tubers of  Satyrium  nepalense  as  an  energetic  tonic  and  as  an  important medicine  to  cure  different  type  of  fever  in  traditional  health  care system  of  Uttarakhand  (INDIA).  Present  study  was  carried  out  to evaluate  the  phytochemical,  antibacterial  screening  against  four (Streptococcus  mutans,  Pseudomonas  aeruginosa,  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Klebsiella  pneumoniae)  microorganisms  in  methanolic extracts  and  habitat  studies  for  conservation  of  S.  nepalense. Tubers  of  Satyrium  nepalense  were  extracted  separately  with methanol  by  hot  extraction  process  using  soxhlet  apparatus.  The extracts  were  subjected  to  Lyophilization  to  get  dry  extract  and preserved  in  aseptic  condition.  The  different  group  reagents  used for  phytochemical  screening  as  dragendorffs’s  for  alkaloid, molisch’s  test  for  carbohydrates,  shinoda  test  for  flavonoids  etc. Antibacterial  study  was  carried  out  by  disc  diffusion  method.  The highest  zone  of  inhibition  was  recorded  as  15.0±0.00  mm  against Klebsiella  pneumonia  and  15.0±0.82  mm  against  Staphylococcus aureus.  Phytochemical  screening  shows  the  presence  of  alkaloids, carbohydrates/glycosides,  flavonoids  and  unsaturated  sterols/triterpenes  in  Satyrium  nepalense.  The  result  indicates  that methanolic  extract  of  Satyrium  nepalense  shows  potent antibacterial activity against all four bacterial strains.Key  words:  Uttarakhand,  Satyrium  nepalense,  medicinal  orchid,  antibacterial, phytochemical