Evaluate the Efficiency of Gamma Irradiation and Chitosan on Shelf-Life of Strawberries Fruits

Chitosan play an important role as an antifungal against Botrytis cinerea and the effect was a concentration dependent. The obtained results of in vitro experiment demonstrated that chitosan (4%) decreased radial growth of B. cinereato 2 %. Invivo the severity of infection reduced from 59.8 and 100.0 to 9.7, 33.8 and 40.1 in first, second and third week's storage periods at 13C, respectively. Also, chitosan coating (4%) significantly caused an increase in fruit firmness whereas TSS was decreased with an increase by increasing in storage time. However,Vitamin C gave fluctuated results by increasing storage time. Gamma irradiation at 2.5 KGy reduced severity (%) of infected fruits from 55.5, 100 and 100 to 31.7, 45.9 and 49.9 and in healthy fruits severity (%) reduced from 48.9, 100 and 100 to 23.3, 25.1 and 29.1 in different storage periods 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. Similarly, chitosan as well as gamma irradiation combination induced a significant increase of peroxidase enzyme (POD) activity. Induced changes in surface morphology and damage of cell structure caused by using chitosan shown by scanning electron microscopy. Also, gamma irradiation causes changes in hyphea structure and in surface morphology but combination of gamma irradiation with chitosan was more effective in altering fungus morphology and cell structure damage and no spore forming. This providing the efficiency of combination on reducing disease severity (%) of strawberry

Rapidly IPv6 multimedia management schemes based LTE-A wireless networks

Ensuring the best quality of smart multimedia services becomes an essential goal for modern enterprises so there is always a need for effective IP mobility smart management schemes in order to fulfill the following two main functions: (I) interconnecting the moving terminals around the extended indoor smart services. In addition, (II) providing session continuity for instant data transfer in real-time and multimedia applications with negligible latency, efficient bandwidth utilization, and improved reliability. In this context, it found out that the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) over LTE-A network that offers many advanced services for large numbers of users with higher bandwidths, better spectrum efficiency, and lower latency. In GMPLS, there is an elimination of the routing searches and choice of routing protocols on every core LTE-A router also it provides the architecture simplicity and increases the scalability. A comparative assessment of three types of IPv6 mobility management schemes over the LTE-A provided by using various types of multimedia. By using OPNET Simulator 17.5, In accordance with these schemes, it was proven that the IPv6-GMPLS scheme is the best choice for the system's operation, in comparison to the IPv6-MPLS and Mobile IPv6 for all multimedia offerings and on the overall network performance

2-[(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hy­droxy­benz­yl)sulfan­yl]benzoic acid

In the title compound, C22H28O3S, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 80.56 (6)°. The hy­droxy group is shielded by the two sterically hindered tert-butyl groups and therefore is not involved in any hydrogen bonding. The C—O—H fragment is coplanar with the aromatic ring, the dihedral angle between them being 7(5)°. In the crystal structure, pairs of mol­ecules are hydrogen bonded across crystallographic centers of symmetry

N′-(3-Bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxy­benzyl­idene)-3,4,5-trihydroxy­benzohydrazide methanol solvate

The benzohydrazide mol­ecule of the title compound, C14H10BrClN2O5·CH3OH, is non-planar, the two aromatic rings at either side of the –C(=O)–NH–N=CH– unit being twisted by 5.9 (1)°. The benzohydrazide mol­ecule is linked to the solvent mol­ecule by an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. Mol­ecules are connected by further O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and an N—H⋯O link into a two-dimensional array

3,4,5-Trihydr­oxy-N′-(2-hydr­oxy-5-nitro­benzyl­idene)benzohydrazide mono­hydrate

The benzohydrazide mol­ecule of the title compound, C14H11N3O7·H2O, is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.068 Å). The benzohydrazide mol­ecule and the uncoordinated water mol­ecule inter­act through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds; these together with O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form a three-dimensional network

N′-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy­benzyl­idene)-3,4,5-trihydroxy­benzohydrazide dihydrate

The benzohydrazide mol­ecule in the title dihydrate, C14H11ClN2O5·2H2O, is non-planar, with the two aromatic rings at either side of the –C(=O)—NH—N=CH– unit forming a dihedral angle of 29.7 (2)°. The benzohydrazide mol­ecule is linked to the water mol­ecules by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with other O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds leading to a layer structure

Ring-opening Polymerization (ROP) of Poly Lactied by Cellulose Diacetate and Substitution with Different Amino Acids and Studying Release of Drug

تضمن هذا البحث فتح حلقة اللاكتايد باستخدام مجموعة الهايدروكسيل في ثنائي خلات السيللوز ثم تعويض احد مجاميع الهايدروكسيل باستخدام احماض امينية مختلفة اما المجموعة الكاربوكسلية المتبقية تم تعويضها بادوية مختلفة (تراي مثبريم، وساليوثامور). وقد تم دراسة الفعالية البايولوجية للمركبات المحضرة وتم تشخيصها طيفياً باستخدام طيف (IR، H.NMR) وقد تم دراسة الاستقرارية الحرايرية للمركبات وكذلك التحلل الدوائي.Novel and promising macromolecular were directly synthesized by ring opening of polylactied by hydroxyl groups in cellulose diacetate as biodegradable polymers and amino acids  substitution  for the development of a polymeric implantable delivery carrier The remain of carboxylic groups of amino acid substitution with different drug. The toxicof the synthesized matrices were evaluated using a bacterial Staphylococcus aureuse , Micrococcus, Pseudmonasaeruginosa, klebsiella, Streptococcus. A  twonew amid  bond was formed between the carboxyl  end-groups of the synthesized polymer matrices and an amine group ofamino acids , The structure of the polymeric conjugates was characterized by various spectroscopy techniques. A study of hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermodiagrams indicated that the presence of drug  pendant groups in the macromolecule structures increased the polymer’s rigidity alongside increasing thermal stability. It has been found that the kinetic release of amino acids and drugs  from the obtained macromolecular conjugates, tested in vitro under different conditions, is strongly dependent on the physicochemical properties of polymeric matrices

3,4,5-Trihydr­oxy-N′-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl­idene)benzohydrazide–1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde azine–methanol (2/1/2)

The title compound, 2C16H13N3O4·C18H14N4·2CH4O, was crystallized from the reaction between 3,4,5-trihydroxy­benzoyl­hydrazine and indole-2-carbaldehyde in a mixture of ethanol and methanol. The compound is a stoichiometric 2:1 cocrystal of the methanol-solvated reaction product, 3,4,5-trihydr­oxy-N′-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl­idene)benzohydrazide and 1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde azine that arose unexpectedly during the synthesis. The former mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and also by π–π stacking inter­actions between benzoyl­hydrazide rings into a two-dimensional network. The methanol solvent mol­ecules are hydrogen bonded to this network. The centrosymmetric azine mol­ecules are not engaged in hydrogen bonding

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM SATUREJA MONTANA L. GROWING IN EGYPT AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES

 Objective: This work aimed to investigate the lipid constituents and flavonoidal compounds of Satureja montana, in addition to evaluation of different extracts and/or isolated compounds as antimicrobials and antioxidants.Methods: The volatile and lipid constituents were extracted with n-hexane by partition from hydroalcoholic extract of S. montana L. aerial parts, after then were fractionated to unsaponifiable matters and fatty acid methyl esters which were identified by gas–liquid chromatography and/or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The phenolic constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous methanolic extract of the aerial parts of the plant. The antimicrobial activity of different extracts and the isolated compounds was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungus using a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: The identified compounds are luteolin-7-rhamnoside-4'-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), quercetin- 7-O-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin-7-O-glucopyranoside (4), 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxy flavone (5), gallic acid (6), 2,3-hexahydroxydiphenoyl 1-galloyl glucopyranoside (7), and quercetin (8). The structure of all isolated compounds was established using different chromatographic and spectroscopic measurements (PC, thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet [UV], 1D, 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance, and MS). Compound-2 showed the highest antibacterial activity against all the tested microorganisms. Hydroalcoholic extract exhibited high antioxidant activity (87.7%). On the other hand, hexane fraction showed a low antioxidant activity (46.4%), in addition to the compound-8 showed the highest antioxidant activity (96.27%) in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of S. montana showed significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

Comparison of the accuracy of two scoring systems in predicting the outcome of organophosphate intoxicated patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU)

AbstractIntroductionOrganophosphates(OP) are one of the most common causes of poisoning, especially in developing countries, with high morbidity and mortality. As mortality rate of OP poisoning is still high, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is often life saving. OP is the main cause of poisoning and death in the poison control centre (PCC), Ain Shams University (ASU) in Egypt.ObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score (APACHE IV) and simplified acute physiology score (SAPS II) in the prediction of mortality of patients with organophosphate poisoning (OPP) who required admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of PCC of ASU between January 1st, 2009 and December 31st, 2009.MethodsA prospective study conducted by collecting data on consecutive patients with acute OPP admitted to the intensive care unit over 12months. Data required to calculate the patients’ predicted mortality by (APACHE) IV and (SAPS) II scoring systems were collected.ResultsNinety patients were recruited in the study with acute OP toxicity. The observed mortality following acute OP toxicity was 13.3% (12 patients). The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of APACHE IV score was better than SAPS II score (0.921±0.054 SE, 0.807±0.078 SE, respectively). APACHE IV and SAPS II scores were significantly higher in the non-survival than in the survival group (P<0.05).ConclusionAPACHE IV and SAPS II scores calculated within the first 24h are good prognostic indicators among patients with acute OP toxicity that required ICU admission with preference to APACHE IV score. APACHE IV and SAPS II scores above 89, 44, respectively within the first 24h are a predictor of poor outcome in patients with acute OP toxicity.RecommendationApplication of APACHE IV and SAPS II scores is a good predictor of high mortality in OP intoxicated patients which helps in proper allocation of resources