Assessment of the knowledge and attitude of the pregnant women who referred to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2005 toward Islams hygienic instructions during their pregnancy and breast feeding periods

Background and aim: Pregnancy and infancy are as diving profits, which are of the most enjoyable times of women. Islams living doctrine recommends some adwises for pregnant women to have healthy generation with good physical, mental and social dimensions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the pregnant women who referred to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2005 toward Islam’s hygienic instructions during their pregnancy and breast feeding period. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 300 pregnant women were selected from parental care unite using multistage sampling. The data was gathered through self-reporting questionnaire which contained some questions about the individuals characteristics, attitude and awareness. Subsequently, using χ2, Pearson correlation and Spearman tests, data were analyzed. Results: The percentage of the knowledge about the Islams healthy instructions during pregnancy was graded: good 20.6%, average 64.7% and poor 14.7%. During breast-feeding, the knowledge was 6.3% good, 77% average and 16.7% poor. There was a positive relationship between the women’s level of education and their knowledge about Islamic trainings. The attitude of the women about the instructions during their pregnancy was positive in 68.3% and negative in 31.7% of them. This attitude during breast feeding was positive in 64% and negative in 36% of the women studied. There was relationship between the knowledge toward the instructions and the level of education during pregnancy and also between this knowledge and the number of pregnancy and the level of education (p<0.01). Conclusion: In addition to moderate knowledge and positive attitude of most of samples and undeniable religious force, on promoting health, recommended that health managers programmed to pregnant women care based on Islamic recommendations and health care workers have more attention in their education training

Heavy metal flocculation at Pirbazar River, Banadar Anzali, south west Caspian Sea

Heavy metal flocculation process was studied in the year 2002 in order to determine the interaction of water in Pirbazar River with Caspian Sea water. The effects of various salinity concentrations of Caspian Sea water were studied on determined heavy metals including Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr level of Pirbazar River using APHA method of extraction and measurement. The results illustrated that the level of heavy metal concentration in Pirbazar River were above standard limits and the extent of flocculation depended on both the salinity level and the heavy metal itself. The maximum flocculation for Cd and Cr were recorded at 7.65ppt, for Zn and Fe at 9.35ppt while for Pb and Cd were at 2.55ppt salinity. The order of flocculation with respect to percentage of original concentrations was found to be Zn > Fe > Cr> Cu > Cd> Pb

Terrestrial isopods of the family Eubelidae Budde-Lund, 1899 from Iran, with description of a new species (Isopoda, Oniscidea)

In the present work, terrestrial isopods of the family Eubelidae are investigated in Iran. The genera Periscyphis and Somalodillo are reported for the first time. More localities are presented for Koweitoniscus tamei (Omer-Cooper, 1923) while K. shafieii Kashani, sp. n. is described and figured. A map indicating the sampling localities for the species is presented

Evaluation of the middle ear in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) by gross anatomy and cone-beam computed tomography

Background: The purpose of this study was to provide a description of gross middle ear morphology in water buffaloes, augmented with additional data on the osseous structures of middle ear derived from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Skulls of 10 young adult male water buffaloes were used to examine their middle ears. Results: Anatomical features noted included the presence of tympanic cells in the tympanic bulla, the location of malleus head and neck, and all of incus in the dorsal epitympanic recess, the oval tympanic membrane, absence of a prominent notch on the articular surface of malleus, positional variations of the lateral process of malleus relative to the muscular process and muscular process relative to the rostral process of malleus, absence of complete coverage of the articular facet of malleus head by incus body, and presence of the lenticular process of incus. In CBCT images, the osseous part of external acoustic meatus, the petrous part of temporal bone and the details of the ossicles were seen, except for stapes. Conclusions: Although tympanic membrane, malleus and stapes of water buffaloes are similar to those of ox, the incus of water buffaloes is more similar to that of goats. The heaviest ossicles among the ruminants studied belonged to water buffaloes; the mean length of malleus head and neck, total length and width of incus body as well as length of stapes head were greatest in water buffaloes too. The auditory ossicles of water buffaloes show ‘transitional type’ morphological characteristics. These features suggest a relatively wide frequency range of hearing, but not one biased towards especially low or especially high frequencies

Oxygen Diffusion Layer on Ti–6Al–4V Alloy: Scratch and Dry Wear Resistance

Ti–6Al–4V has prominent physical and mechanical properties, which nominate it for various engineering applications. A drawback of the alloy, however, is low scratch and wear resistance, which can be improved by a diffusion treatment. Oxygen diffusion layer (ODL) was produced on Ti–6Al–4V by thermal oxidation at a temperature of 850 °C for 3 and 6 h. Hardness of the samples was measured using a nano-indentation tester. Micro-scratch tests were performed under progressive and constant normal loads of 0–50 N. Dry wear behavior of the samples was studied using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The wear tests were carried out under various normal loads of 7.5, 15 and 30 N for sliding distances of 50, 100, 200 and 300 m using alumina balls as the counterface. The wear and scratch tracks were examined by scanning electron microscope and surface profilometer. The ODL samples showed higher hardness and lower plastic deformation as compared with Ti–6Al–4V. The brittle behavior of the ODL samples caused the formation of cracks and the development of large acoustic signals during scratching under normal loads of 40 and 50 N. The results also showed a higher scratch and wear resistance of the ODL samples compared with Ti–6Al–4V. However, the oxygen diffusion layer formed after 3 h of oxidation showed a sharp increase in the wear rate of the alloy under a normal load of 30 N and a sliding distance of 100 m

Correction to: A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Modified Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Children Hospitalized with Cancer (Mindfulness, (2021), 12, 1, (141-151), 10.1007/s12671-020-01506-3)

In the original published version of this article, Dr. Randye J. Semple was captured as corresponding author instead of Dr. Mojtaba Habibi. Dr. Semple took the role of pre-publication correspondent simply because she is more familiar with the journal�s online submission process than Dr. Habibi. Thus, this erratum is presented to fix the error. The original article has been corrected. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Correlation Between Intra-Abdominal Free Fluid and Solid Organ Injury in Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Background: In previous studies, the diagnostic value of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) has been evaluated but few studies have been performed on the relationship between the amount of free intra-abdominal fluid and organ injury in blunt abdominal trauma. To select patients with a higher probability of intra-abdominal injuries, several scoring systems have been proposed based on the results of FAST. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of FAST according to the Huang scoring system and to propose a cut-off point for predicting the presence of intra-abdominal injuries on the Computed Tomography (CT) scan. The correlation between age and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the presence of intra-abdominal injuries on the CT scan was also assessed. Patients and Methods: This study was performed on 200 patients with severe blunt abdominal trauma who had stable vital signs. For all patients, FAST-ultrasound was performed by a radiologist and the free fluid score in the abdomen was calculated according to the Huang score. Immediately, an intravenous contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan was performed in all patients and abdominal solid organ injuries were assessed. Results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test and ROC curves. The correlation between age and GCS and the presence of intra-abdominal injuries on CT-scan was also evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.6 ± 18.3 years and FAST was positive in 67% of the subjects. A significant correlation was seen between the FAST score and the presence of organ injury on CT scan (P < 0.001). Considering the cut-off point of 3 for the free fluid score (with a range of 0-8), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated to be 0.83, 0.98, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively. Age and GCS showed no significant correlation with intra-abdominal injuries. Conclusions: It seems that FAST examination for intra-abdominal fluid in blunt trauma patients can predict intra-abdominal injuries with very high sensitivity and specificity. Using the scoring system can more accurately determine the probability of the presence of abdominal injuries with a cut-off point of three