Food safety knowledge and practice and its relationship with literacy: The case of rural women in Iran

Background: It is widely understood that most food-borne illness is associated with the inner home environment, and that therefore, the role of women in providing, storage and preparation of healthy food is very important. Given the lack of research on home food safety in Iran, this study focused on the knowledge and behavior towards food safety and its relationship with literacy among rural women. Methods: Data of this cross-sectional survey were collected through questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by referring to university experts. The questionnaire reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's test (a=0.782). The study population consisted of rural women in the areas of Gonbad-e Kavous County in Golestan province, north of Iran. Using random cluster sampling, 385 women from 77 villages were studied. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used for analysis. Results: Knowledge and behavior of the studied rural women towards food safety could be assessed as good and fair respectively. There was no difference between literate and illiterate women in regard to food safety knowledge (t=1.72; P>0.05), but literate compared with illiterate rural women have in general better food safety behavior (t=2.16; P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that literacy education can activate mechanisms that lead to food safety behavioral changes. However, there was no difference between literate and illiterate women in regard to food safety knowledge. It suggests that illiterate rural women, despite their inability to read and write, can find appropriate methods to learn about food safety issues

A study to investigate the effectiveness of successful intelligence training program to increase academic hope

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of successful intelligence training program on academic hopefulness of probation students of Esfahan University of Technology. The research is semi-experimental of pre-test, post-test type with control group. Research population includes all probation students of Esfahan University of Technology. The study chooses 30 female and male students and assigns them randomly into two groups of experimental and control. Experimental group participate in 13 successful intelligence-training sessions for 13 weeks. Research tools consists of, Hope in certain aspects. Statistical analysis is conducted using SPSS18 on inferential statistics level proportionate to data analysis level. Statistical test hypothesis are analyzed through univariate covariance and multivariate covariance analysis. The results show that successful intelligence program training was effective to enhance hopefulness of probation students (p < 0.05). Given the results of present research, successful intelligence program training can be used as an intervention method in order to decrease harms because of dormitory and student life

The effect of self-determination skills training on academic vitality and optimism in students with hearing loss: a quasi-experimental study

Background: Hearing impairment, even if mild, can delay linguistic development and negatively affect the language acquisition process. This study designed to investigate the effect of self-determination skills training on academic vitality and optimism in students with hearing loss. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group.&nbsp; The sample consisted of 30 students with hearing loss in Shahroud who were selected by available sampling method and randomly and equally assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group participated in a self-determination skills training program that was conducted in 8 sessions of 40 minutes (one session per week), while the control group did not participate in this program. Participants were assessed using the Academic Vitality Questionnaire and Optimism Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance tests and SPSS-23 software Results: Considering the differential results of multivariate analysis of covariance for experimental and control groups in the variables of academic vitality (P = 0.001) and academic optimism (P = 0.001), the difference between the experimental and control groups is significant. According to Eta squared, it can be said that in the variables of academic vitality and academic optimism, 33% and 39% of these changes are due to intervention, respectively. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the role of self-determination interventions in positive academic variables. This method can be used in the educational and rehabilitation program of this group of children

COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF SENSORY INTEGRATION THERAPY AND THEORY OF MIND TRAINING ON REPETITIVE AND STEREOTYPED BEHAVIORS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM MAHDI KHODABAKHSHI a1 , MOKHTAR MALEKPOUR

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the comparison of effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) and theory -ofmind training (TOM)on repetitive and stereotyped behaviorsin children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).36 children ages 6-12 with ASD were assigned to 2 intervention groups TOM (n= 12) and SI (n= 12) or a control group(n= 12).Participants of the TOM and SI groups received special training and therapeutic sessions. Control group received no special training and therapeutic programs. The repetitive and stereotyped behaviors of the participants were evaluated at pre test, post-test, and follow up(2 months after the interventions). Results identified significant reductions in repetitive and stereotyped behaviors at post-test and follow up times compared with pre test time. Results also indicated that was significant group -by-time interaction. Although both intervention groups demonstrated significant reductions in repetitive and stereotyped behaviors at post test and follow up, more significant reduction occurred in the SIT group, as rated by parents. We concluded that further research is needed to better understand the impacts frequency and duration of various treatments on behavioral problems in children with ASD

A Critical Study on the Reasons of the Unity of the Truth of Existence in Ibn Arabī’s Mystical school and Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn's Philosophy

The issue of existence is regarded as the most fundamental issues in philosophy and mysticism. It has always been important to discuss the truth of existence as the most fundamental issue in Islamic philosophy and Islamic mysticism and the subscription and dissociation point of these two sciences has been always important. Ibn Arabī, as a theorist of theoretical mysticism in the Islamic thought, considers the truth of existence as the central theme of this science, and other things are the manifestations, the dignity, the aspects and the emergence of this truth. There is just the existence of right. Existence is a single truth. In fact there is no other than the single truth, and this truth is not multiplicative. In his school there are three arguments based on the immortality, the inexplicability, and the essentiality of existence. In Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn's thought, three arguments have been presented based on Sadrian's special meaning of causality, non-solitary of existence, and the Basit al-Haqiqah (simple truth). The article criticizes these arguments and examines the approach of the mystical school of Ibn Arabī and Ṣadr al-Muti'allihīn

Assessing the attitude of experts and managers of natural resources and watershed management offices of Golestan province towards legal aspects of flood management

Legal issues have special importance in flood management. The present study has investigated the most important legal issues related to floods through descriptive survey research. The study population included employees with expert positions in legal offices and heads of county natural resources offices in all counties of Golestan province who were surveyed by census method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the legal experts. SPSS18 software was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and also Sign and Wilcoxon tests were used. The results showed the effectiveness of the current legal system in preventing floods, the influence of legal sentences regarding river and stream privacy, the power of legal units to litigate violations on the floodplain of rivers and streams, as well as the effectiveness of the current structure of the legal units of the natural resources offices to deal with the causes of floods, are at a moderate level. The most important legal weakness in flood management is related to monitoring the implementation of laws. According to the respondents, non-compliance with the rules and regulations of natural resources has played a strong role in the recent floods. Respondents also believed that the degree of overlap of duties between the custodians of rivers and streams and also disagreement among the custodians regarding the floodplain area of rivers and streams is considerable. The most important solutions to reform the legal system to improve flood management include imposing severe penalties for encroaching on the floodplain area of rivers and streams and giving priority to litigation of natural resource cases. According to the results, practical suggestions and recommendations have been presented to improve flood management

Studying the Relationship between Learning Styles and Progressive Teaching Methods among High Schools Students in the city of Isfahan

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between learning styles and progressive teaching methods among high schools students in the city of Isfahan. This study is a practical research from purpose view and is a descriptive-correlation one from research methodology perspective. The statistical population of this study includes all of the male and female students of high schools in the city of Isfahan in 2010-2011 academic year. This population consists of 86142 students. A sample of 150 students has been selected from this population through multi-stages cluster sampling. This sample consists of 79 female students and 71 male ones. In order to collect the research data, a standard questionnaire and a self-administrated questionnaire has been used. The first questionnaire that has been developed by Reid was used for examining learning styles among students and the second self-administrated one has been used for investigating the teaching methods. The reliability of the questionnaires has been examined through Cronbachs’ Alpha Coefficient. The coefficient was 0.68 and 0.94 for our questionnaire and confirms reliability of the questionnaires. Also the supervisor and other professors have been asked to review and modify the questionnaire and thereby its face validity has been examined and confirmed. The results of this study revealed that there is not any significant relationship between individual learning style and students’ preferred teaching methods. Also the results indicated that there is not any significant relationship between collective learning styles and students’ preferred teaching methods. Another part of the results showed that the relationship between project learning style and students’ preferred teaching methods is significant. Finally, the observed difference between students’ average of learning styles and their preferred teaching methods in terms of gender was significant. Keywords: Learning, Learning Styles, Teaching Method

Investigating the Simple and Multiple Relationship between Learning Styles and Preferred Teaching Methods by High School Students in the City of Isfahan

The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between learning styles and preferred teaching methods by high school students in the city of Isfahan. The study is a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of this study includes 86142 male and female students of high schools in the city of Isfahan in 2010-2011 academic years. A sample of 79 female students and 71 male ones has been selected from this population through multi-stages cluster sampling. In order to collect the research data and measure the research variables (learning styles and teaching methods), the standardized questionnaire of Reid(learning styles) and a self-administrated questionnaire of teaching methods have been employed. The results of this study revealed that there is significant multiple correlations between learning style and preferred teaching methods (r: 0.039). Based on the results of this study, it was revealed that there is not any significant relationship between individual learning style and students’ preferred teaching methods. Another part of the results showed that there is not any significant relationship between collective learning style and students’ preferred teaching methods. Finally, a significant relationship has been observed between project learning style and students’ preferred teaching methods

The Assessment of Factors Affecting Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Thoughts control, attention, and concentration are the effective factors in studying and learning. The lack of attention and concentration is the result of the invasion of intrusive thoughts. This research was conducted to explore the factors affecting the unwanted intrusive thoughts in normal people in 2017. Method: This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis (thematic analysis). Research or databases include all print media, articles, books, and dissertations related to the subject of the research. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling. All information-rich resources that were related to the subject of the study were included and unrelated sources were excluded. Finally, data were collected by a deep study of 120 papers, 10 books, and 4 dissertations. Results: The findings included 285 coding concepts, 75 subthemes, and 8 main themes. The main themes in terms of the frequency were thought control strategies, metacognitive beliefs, mood characteristics, intrusive thought characteristics, mindfulness, personality traits, context and culture, and working memory capacity, respectively.. Conclusion: The most effective factors on intrusive thoughts, in terms of the frequency, were thought control strategies, metacognitive beliefs, mood characteristics, intrusive thought characteristics, mindfulness, personality traits, context and culture, and working memory capacity, respectively. The results of this also provided a model to determine the effect of main factors affecting unwanted intrusive thoughts

Comparison of self-esteem and coping responses in infertile and fertile couples from Shahrekord, during 2003-2004

زمینه و هدف: ناباروری یک بیماری است که در آن، زنان در خلال یک سال فعالیت جنسی، بدون استفاده از روشهای پیشگیری، قادر به بارداری نباشند. عزت نفس، یک روش روانشناختی است که به وسیله آن یک شخص خودش را ارزیابی می نماید. پاسخ های مقابله ای، روشهای ادراکی هستند که برای برخورد و مقابله با نگرانی های زندگی به کار می روند. مطالعات روانشناختی در زوجین نابارور نشان داده که ناباروری، یک بحران بیولوژیکی - روانشناختی است که می تواند مشکلات روانشناختی در این افراد ایجاد کند. به همین دلیل، هدف از این بررسی، مقایسه عزت نفس و پاسخ های مقابله ای در زوجین نابارور در شهرکرد در سالهای 82 تا 83 بوده است. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی 50 زوج نابارور که به کلینیک زنان بیمارستان هاجر یا مطب پزشک متخصص زنان به دلیل مشکلات ناباروری مراجعه کرده بودند و 50 زوج بارور که به طور تصادفی از بین زوجین بارور مراجعه کننده به کلینک زنان و متخصص زنان انتخاب شدند. افراد مورد پژوهش با استفاده از آزمون های عزت نفس کوپر اسمیت، آزمون مقابله ای بیلینگز و موس و همچنین چک لیست ویژگی های دموگرافیک و سایر اطلاعات مربوط به زوجین مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و اطلاعات جمع آوری شده با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل و ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمرات عزت نفس در زوج های نابارور 9/8±3/27 و در زوج های بارور 8±7/32 بود (05/0p). علاوه بر این بین سن و عزت نفس در زنان نابارور همبستگی منفی بدست آمد (05/0