Effect of Ergonomical Factors on the Employees

To improve and enlightening production ergonomics is a search widespread to numerous organizations in diverse engineering and management zones. At the foundation is an ambition to eradicate hazards for job concerned musculoskeletal disorders, but recent observations on ergonomics have developed the discipline from a merely physiological, anthropometrical, and Psychosocial influential apprehension to an organizational, systems performance discipline. This research recommends that in an organization ergonomics infrastructure is made up of the structural, technical, executive and stakeholder comparative circumstances that allow or obstruct development of ergonomics. These circumstances spotlight on the positioning of diverse employees towards ergonomics concerns in an organization, the relationships between user, workers or employees, scenario, scheme and strategy they use for arguments, and the manipulate that occur from industry-particular culture, insolences and technical incorporation (or elimination) of ergonomics into engineering and production progressions. The information deduced from the research in this paper has been produced together with pertinent theoretical perceptions originated in the literature, into a Tentative Agenda which conducts empirical data assembly intended at planning the ergonomics infrastructure in an organization. Its step-by-step methodical appraisal of circumstances at diverse hierarchical levels in the organization should serve ergonomics experts and managers alike in classifying pathways and obstructions to improve production ergonomics

Pemahaman Konsep: Cukupkah Hanya dengan Pembelajaran Stad?

The purpose of the study is to describe how STAD cooperative learning improves seventh grade students of SMPN 4 Watampone comprehension of sets in mathematics. The study is a Classroom Action Research. After undergoing two cycles, the result of the study revealed that STAD cooperative learning is not enough to increase student comprehension. Therefore, researcher needs the additional action in each phase. The additional action consists of presenting the material using animated powerpoint and simulation method, giving an instruction to the group that have difficulties, reminding the student that there will be a test in the end of the lesson, and finally, giving rewards such as nomination (superior team, great team, and good team) and stationary.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana pembelajaran STAD yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa kelas VII B SMPN 4 Watampone pada materi himpunan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah melalui dua siklus, pembelajaran tipe STAD saja belum cukup untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan STAD yang dalam setiap sintaksnya ditambahkan tindakan tertentu. Tindakan tersebut meliputi penyajian materi menggunakan powerpoint yang beranimasi dan metode simulasi, memberikan pengarahan bagi kelompok yang mengalami kesulitan, mengingatkan siswa bahwa ada kuis di akhir pembelajaran, dan pemberian penghargaan berupa predikat (tim super, tim hebat, tim baik) dan alat tulis

Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Pendekatan Inkuiri untuk Membantu Siswa SMA Kelas X dalam Memahami Materi Peluang

This research development was based on the fact that SMA Negeri 2 Malang is one of the selected schools to implement curriculum 2013, however, based on the author's experience it can be concluded that teaching the students with the current student books yet provide optimal results. It eager the author to develope teaching materials in the form of a module which contains the characteristic of inquiry learning model with scientific activity. Development of teaching materials was using Plomp development model. Validity, practicability and effectiveness criteria were set by the researchers. Results of field trials showed that the learning module obtained a score of 3.31 validity matter experts and practitioners, which means that the learning module is valid. In the feasibility study results obtained using the module total average scores for all aspects were 3.90 from two observers so that the module has met the criteria developed practical. The results of field trials for the mastery modules were obtained an average score of 85.21 mastery module, then the mastery module for the material is said to be a good, and students called mastery of the material. Results of student questionnaire responses showed a s core of 3.56, which means the students responded positively to the learning modules they used. Thus, the results of mathematical learning Probability module development inquiry based approach is said to be valid, practical and effective.Penelitian pengembangan ini didasarkan pada Kenyataan bahwa SMA Negeri 2 Malang merupakan salah satu sekolah terpilih untuk melaksanakan kurikulum 2013. Namun, berdasarkan pengalaman peneliti diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa membelajarkan siswa dengan buku siswa belum memberikan hasil yang optimal. Hal ini mendorong peneliti untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar berupa modul pembelajaran peluang yang memuat kegiatan dengan ciri dari model pembelajaran inkuiri disesuaikan dengan aktivitas saintifik. Pengembangan bahan ajar ini menggunakan model pengembangan Plomp. Kriteria kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan ditetapkan oleh peneliti. Validasi bahan ajar yang dilakukan oleh seorang pakar dan dua orang praktisi memperoleh skor kevalidan 3,31, yang berarti bahwa modul pembelajaran tersebut valid. Pada keterlaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan modul diperoleh hasil skor rata-rata total untuk seluruh aspek adalah 3,90 dari dua orang praktisi, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa modul yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi kriteria praktis. Hasil uji coba lapangan diperoleh skor rata-rata penguasaan modul 85,21, maka disimpulkan bahwa penguasaan modul dari siswa uji coba untuk materi peluang dikatakan baik, dan siswa dikatakan tuntas materi. Hasil angket respon siswa menunjukkan skor 3,56 yang berarti siswa memberikan respon positif. Dengan demikian, hasil pengembangan modul pembelajaran matematika peluang berdasarkan pendekatan inkuiri dikatakan valid, praktis, dan efektif

Digital Interface Board to Control Phase and Amplitude of Four Channels

An increasing number of parts are designed with digital control interfaces, including phase shifters and variable attenuators. When designing an antenna array in which each antenna has independent amplitude and phase control, the number of digital control lines that must be set simultaneously can grow very large. Use of a parallel interface would require separate line drivers, more parts, and thus additional failure points. A convenient form of control where single-phase shifters or attenuators could be set or the whole set could be programmed with an update rate of 100 Hz is needed to solve this problem. A digital interface board with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) can simultaneously control an essentially arbitrary number of digital control lines with a serial command interface requiring only three wires. A small set of short, high-level commands provides a simple programming interface for an external controller. Parity bits are used to validate the control commands. Output timing is controlled within the FPGA to allow for rapid update rates of the phase shifters and attenuators. This technology has been used to set and monitor eight 5-bit control signals via a serial UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter) interface. The digital interface board controls the phase and amplitude of the signals for each element in the array. A host computer running Agilent VEE sends commands via serial UART connection to a Xilinx VirtexII FPGA. The commands are decoded, and either outputs are set or telemetry data is sent back to the host computer describing the status and the current phase and amplitude settings. This technology is an integral part of a closed-loop system in which the angle of arrival of an X-band uplink signal is detected and the appropriate phase shifts are applied to the Ka-band downlink signal to electronically steer the array back in the direction of the uplink signal. It will also be used in the non-beam-steering case to compensate for phase shift variations through power amplifiers. The digital interface board can be used to set four 5-bit phase shifters and four 5-bit attenuators and monitor their current settings. Additionally, it is useful outside of the closed-loop system for beamsteering alone. When the VEE program is started, it prompts the user to initialize variables (to zero) or skip initialization. After that, the program enters into a continuous loop waiting for the telemetry period to elapse or a button to be pushed. A telemetry request is sent when the telemetry period is elapsed (every five seconds). Pushing one of the set or reset buttons will send the appropriate command. When a command is sent, the interface status is returned, and the user will be notified by a pop-up window if any error has occurred. The program runs until the End Program button is depressed

The role of statins in prevention and treatment of community acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that statins may reduce the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its complications. PURPOSE: Performed a systematic review to address the role of statins in the prevention or treatment of CAP. DATA SOURCE: Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus from inception through December 2011 were searched for randomized clinical trials, cohort and case-control studies. STUDY SELECTION: Two authors independently reviewed studies that examined the role of statins in CAP. DATA EXTRACTION: Data about study characteristics, adjusted effect-estimates and quality characteristics was extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eighteen studies corresponding to 21 effect-estimates (eight and 13 of which addressed the preventive and therapeutic roles of statins, respectively) were included. All studies were of good methodological quality. Random-effects meta-analyses of adjusted effect-estimates were used. Statins were associated with a lower risk of CAP, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74-0.95), I(2) = 90.5% and a lower short-term mortality in patients with CAP, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.59-0.78), I(2) = 75.7%. Meta-regression did not identify sources of heterogeneity. A funnel plot suggested publication bias in the treatment group, which was adjusted by a novel regression method with a resultant effect-estimate of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.77-0.93). Sensitivity analyses using the rule-out approach showed that it is unlikely that the results were due to an unmeasured confounder. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis reveals a beneficial role of statins for the risk of development and mortality associated with CAP. However, the results constitute very low quality evidence as per the GRADE framework due to observational study design, heterogeneity and publication bias

PRIVATE SAVINGS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES: ARE THERE TERMS OF TRADE SHOCKS?

The paper examines the impact of terms of trade shocks on private savings in the transition economies after accounting for the effect of other determinants. Economic agents in the transition economies are subject to tight credit constraints which are more pronounced during bad state of nature. Thus, adverse shocks to commodity prices in the world market can force them to reduce savings by a larger amount than they would otherwise have. Empirical analysis using a dynamic panel model and data from twenty one transition economies confirm that most of the determinants of savings identified in the literature also apply to the transition economies. Favorable movements in both the permanent and transitory components of the terms of trade have a significant positive impact on private savings with transitory movements having a larger impact than the permanent component. This reflects the lack of access to foreign borrowing that many of the transition economies have faced during the last decade. Although the impact of terms of trade shocks are found to be asymmetric, the magnitude of the impact appears to be small. The results are robust for alternative estimators, determinants, and country groupings.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39958/3/wp572.pd

Multidisciplinary approach to genomics research in Africa: the AfriCRAN model

This article is an outcome of the African Craniofacial Anomalies Research Network (AfriCRAN) Human Hereditary and Health (H3A) grant planning meeting in 2012 in Lagos, Nigeria. It describes the strengths of a multidisciplinary team approach to solving complex genetic traits in the craniofacial region. It also highlights the different components and argues for the composition of similar teams to fast track the discovery of disease genes, diagnostic tools, improved clinical treatment and ultimately prevention of diseases