SERUM PROLACTIN LEVELS IN TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH RETINOPATHY PATIENTS IN AND AROUND HYDERABAD

Background & Objectives: Diabetes is a disease of metabolic dysregulation. Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress play a role in the development of late diabetic complications. Increased retinal vasopermeability occurs early in diabetes and is crucial for the development of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Serum prolactin is proteolytically processed to vasoinhibins that inhibit the excessive retinal vasopermeability related to diabetic retinopathy. The aim is to study the role of serum prolactin and lipid profile in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in type 2 diabetics and to correlate the changes in serum prolactin levels. Methods: A case control study was done with 90 patients divided into 3 groups (healthy controls, Type 2 Diabetes without retinopathy and Type 2 Diabetes with retinopathy) with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fasting blood samples were collected and fasting plasma glucose, serum Prolactin were measured. Multiple comparisons between different groups were done using ANOVA test. Results: In the present study decreased serum prolactin levels were observed in patients of Type 2 Diabetes with retinopathy compared to Type 2 Diabetes without retinopathy and controls. Mean ± S.D of Fasting plasma glucose, was highest in Group 3. Mean ± S.D of serum prolactin (7.737 ± 2.63) was low in Group 3. Interpretations & Conclusion: The circulating levels of prolactin were decreased in patients with diabetic retinopathy due to glycosylation and were higher in diabetic patients without retinopathy and healthy controls. Increased prolactin levels influence the progression of retinopathy after its intraocular conversion to vasoinhibins which can reduce the pathological retinal vasopermeability in diabetes and increase in prolactin can be considered to have protective role in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and also may be considered as a treatment option for retinopathy. Key words: Prolactin; Diabetic retinopathy; Vasoinhibins; Retinal vasopermeability

SERUM PROLACTIN LEVELS IN TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH RETINOPATHY PATIENTS IN AND AROUND HYDERABAD

Background & Objectives: Diabetes is a disease of metabolic dysregulation. Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress play a role in the development of late diabetic complications. Increased retinal vasopermeability occurs early in diabetes and is crucial for the development of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Serum prolactin is proteolytically processed to vasoinhibins that inhibit the excessive retinal vasopermeability related to diabetic retinopathy. The aim is to study the role of serum prolactin and lipid profile in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in type 2 diabetics and to correlate the changes in serum prolactin levels. Methods: A case control study was done with 90 patients divided into 3 groups (healthy controls, Type 2 Diabetes without retinopathy and Type 2 Diabetes with retinopathy) with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fasting blood samples were collected and fasting plasma glucose, serum Prolactin were measured. Multiple comparisons between different groups were done using ANOVA test. Results: In the present study decreased serum prolactin levels were observed in patients of Type 2 Diabetes with retinopathy compared to Type 2 Diabetes without retinopathy and controls. Mean ± S.D of Fasting plasma glucose, was highest in Group 3. Mean ± S.D of serum prolactin (7.737 ± 2.63) was low in Group 3. Interpretations & Conclusion: The circulating levels of prolactin were decreased in patients with diabetic retinopathy due to glycosylation and were higher in diabetic patients without retinopathy and healthy controls. Increased prolactin levels influence the progression of retinopathy after its intraocular conversion to vasoinhibins which can reduce the pathological retinal vasopermeability in diabetes and increase in prolactin can be considered to have protective role in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and also may be considered as a treatment option for retinopathy. Key words: Prolactin; Diabetic retinopathy; Vasoinhibins; Retinal vasopermeability

The Power of IoT in the Era of Digital Transformation

This paper discusses how Internet of Things (IoT) transforms the day-to-day life and how it becomes an integral part of the digital transformation journey that different businesses undertake to pursue operational excellence

A Novel Method for Evaluating the Dynamic Load Factor of An Involute Gear Tooth with Asymmetric Profiles

In this paper a new generation of asymmetric tooth profile gear is considered  to enhance the dynamic behavior and vibroacoustic properties of toothed gear system. This paper presents a non linear dynamic model as a single degree of freedom equation for teeth meshing   gear system which includes   static and dynamic transmission error in order to investigate the influence of time varying mesh stiffness and periodic tooth errors on dynamic load factor for symmetric and asymmetric spur teeth profile.  A new  model of nonlinear time varying mesh stiffness is based on four types of deflections with consideration a small   pressure angle for loaded tooth profile side and high pressure angle for another side. The complicated variation of meshing stiffness as a function of contact point along the mesh cycle is studied. Typical dynamic load factor equations are developed for symmetric and asymmetric tooth gear in single   and double tooth contact by studied symmetrictooth with pressure angle ( 200/200 ) and two pairs of asymmetric teeth (14.50/250 & 200/250 ).  The effect of pressure of asymmetry and static transmitted load   on transmission error and dynamic load factorare studied. The results indicate enhancement  percentage   in transmission error and dynamic load factor for asymmetric teeth profile compare with that symmetric   tooth profile    . Keywords: Asymmetric spur gear, Transmission Error   , Non-linear mesh stiffnes

Effect of Nitrogen, shading and intercropping on alfalfa-ziziphus agroforestry system under arid land conditions

To assess the arid lands agroforestry potential, a field experiment was performed at the Agricultural Research Station of King Abdulaziz University, located at Hada Al-Sham during the 2013 and 2014 seasons. Alfalfa was evaluated in a Ziziphus agroforestry system at a distance of 1 m, 2 m and 4 m from the ziziphus tree and were supplied with three different levels of nitrogen fertilizer 0 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 400 kg/ha in the form of commercial Urea. The fertilizer were subdivided into split doses and applied as manual broadcasting after each cutting. A split-split plot design was used with three replications. Forage growth rate and biomass accumulation were measured at ten different intervals approximately at a period of 30-40 days. Forage was harvested in 10 different cuts and all this data consisting of plant height, fresh biomass accumulation and dry biomass accumulation and leaf nitrogen content were also measured. Statistical analysis described significant impact for intercropping, planting distance and nitrogen fertilizer on all studied traits. The maximum effect of urea fertilizer was documented for the highest dose of 400 kg/ha but it was statistically non-significant to 200 kg/ha. Distance of planting from the Ziziphus tree produced variable trend for all forages at different cut numbers but 2 m produced maximum plant height and biomass accumulation for most of the cut numbers. The interaction of 200 kg N/ha, intercropping and 2 m distance produced optimum forage growth and biomass accumulation as compared to the sole plantation under no fertilization. Â

The relationship between communication, customer knowledge and customer loyalty in Saudi Arabia insurance industry companies

The main target of this article is to examine the relationship between communications, customer knowledge and customer loyalty in insurance companies in Saudi Arabia.This study adopted Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM) to test the association between communication, customer knowledge and customer loyalty.The sample comprised of 399 from insurance companies in Saudi Arabia and data was obtained from questionnaires distributed to the sample. Moreover, the questionnaire was adopted from many authors as explained in methodology section.This article found a positive and significant relationship between communication and customer loyalty.In the same path, this study found that customer knowledge has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty.Moreover, this study has significant contributions in the theoretical, practical and policy market that may be integrated together in order to improve customer loyalty. Finally, the limitation and future recommendations were provided at the end of this study

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Growth and Survey for Three Layers

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a mobile ad hoc network that allows wireless communication between vehicles, as well as between vehicles and roadside equipment. Communication between vehicles promotes safety and reliability, and can be a source of entertainment. We investigated the historical development, characteristics, and application fields of VANET and briefly introduced them in this study. Advantages and disadvantages were discussed based on our analysis and comparison of various classes of MAC and routing protocols applied to VANET. Ideas and breakthrough directions for inter-vehicle communication designs were proposed based on the characteristics of VANET. This article also illustrates physical, MAC, and network layer in details which represent the three layers of VANET. The main works of the active research institute on VANET were introduced to help researchers track related advanced research achievements on the subject

Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity Study from azo – ligand derived frommethyl-2-amino benzoatewith some metal ions

       حضرت بعض المعقدات الفلزیة الجدیدة من اللیكاند مثيل -(1- سيانو-2- ايثوكسي )بنزوات  مع ایونات  (Co(II)،Ni (II) ،(Cu(II) وشخصت بالطرائق الطیفیة وھي طیف الاشعة تحت الحمراء، وطیف الاشعة فوق البنفسجیة والمرئیة فضلا" عن تعیین نسبة الفلز في المعقدات بوساطة طیف الامتصاص الذري، وقیاس التوصیلیة المولاریة لمحالیل المعقدات في مذیب الایثانول، وتحدید النسبة المولیة للیكاند الى الفلز، وقیاس العزم المغناطیسي للمعقدات المحضرة ودرست الفعاليه البايولوجية للمركبات . وفي ضوء التشخیصات اعلاه اقترح الشكل الثماني السطوح لھذه المعقدات.A Ligand (ECA) methyl 2-((1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)diazenyl)benzoate with metals of (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) were prepared and characterization using H-NMR, atomic absorption spectroscopy, ultra violet (UV) visible, magnetic moments measurements, bioactivity, and Molar conductivity measurements in soluble ethanol. Complexes have been prepared using a general formula which was suggested as [M (ECA)2] Cl2, where M = (Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II), the geometry shape of the complexes is octahedral

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA OIL ON CHEMORADIATION-INDUCED ORAL MUCOSITIS IN PATIENTS WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCERS

Objective: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common treatment-induced toxicity in patients undergoing radiation or chemoradiation for head and neck cancers (HNC). The study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Nigella sativa (NS) oil in radiation-or chemoradiation-induced OM in HNC patients. Methods: From Forty HNC patients were randomized to two groups, each of 20 patients. The first group was treated with NS oil mouthwash five times daily, while the second group was treated with the Magic mouthwash and served as a control. All patients received radiotherapy (RT) (60-70 Gy) in 30-35 fractions over 6-7 w with or without chemotherapy. Patients were evaluated once per week to estimate the severity and duration of OM and the salivary levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Results: 70% of patients were men and the commonest tumor locations were larynx (47.5%) and pharynx (22.5%) classified as stages III or IV. NS oil significantly reduces RTOG grade and OM severity after 3-4 w of RT, attenuates the elevation in salivary IL-6 and TNF-α production after 3-5 w. Conclusion: Nigella sativa oil mouthwash have a potential anti-inflammatory activity that may be beneficial in minimizing or preventing radiation-or chemoradiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer

Assessment of Knowledge Among the Physicians Regarding Dental Screening Prior to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

Objective: To evaluate the physicians\u27 knowledge regarding the referral for dental screening prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using simple random sampling among 468 physicians from various specialties with diverse experience levels from different regions in Saudi Arabia. A self-reporting questionnaire was distributed among the physicians, which consisted of questions assessing the physicians\u27 knowledge about oral health and complications in patients prior to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Statistical analysis was done after the data was collected employing SPSS, and p<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Residents were more as expected (39.3%), followed by specialists (2.31%). The majority had a practice experience for more than five years (67.8%). The scores for the knowledge assessment showed that 51.3%, nearly half of the participants, had lower scores. The scores were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: General physicians and specialists should be aware of the dental complications and associated diseases in patients with malignancies and those undergoing chemo and radiotherapy. It is proposed that more awareness should be raised among physicians to rectify this lapse