Mathematical simulation of memristive for classification in machine learning

Over the last few years, neuromorphic computation has been a widely researched topic. One of the neuromorphic computation elements is the memristor. The memristor is a high density, analogue memory storage, and compliance with Ohm's law for minor potential changes. Memristive behaviour imitates synaptic behaviour. It is a nanotechnology that can reduce power consumption, improve synaptic modeling, and reduce data transmission processes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a customized mathematical model for machine learning algorithms. This model uses a computing paradigm that differs from standard Von-Neumann architectures, and it has the potential to reduce power consumption and increasing performance while doing specialized jobs when compared to regular computers. Classification is one of the most interesting fields in machine learning to classify features patterns by using a specific algorithm. In this study, a classifier based memristive is used with an adaptive spike encoder for input data. We run this algorithm based on Anti-Hebbian and Hebbian learning rules. These investigations employed two of datasets, including breast cancer Wisconsin and Gaussian mixture model datasets. The results indicate that the performance of our algorithm that has been used based on memristive is reasonably close to the optimal solution

The chemokine lymphotactin and its recombinant variants in oral cancer cell regulation

Background The expression of XCR1 receptor and its metamorphic ligand lymphotactin (hLtn) has been shown in cancers but their precise role in tumorigenesis is poorly understood including the significance of the physiologically existing hLtn monomeric (CC3) and dimeric (W55D) confirmations where the latter thought to function as the receptor antagonist. The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of bioengineered hLtn variants and the role of fibroblasts in XCR1/hLtn expression regulation in oral cancer cells (OCCL). Material and methods qRT‐PCR and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of XCR1 and hLtn. Recombinant hLtn variants (wild‐type, CC3 and W55D mutant) were designed, expressed, purified and evaluated using proliferation, adhesion and chemotaxis assays. XCR1 and hLtn expression regulation by fibroblasts was determined using indirect co‐culture. XCR1 and hLtn expression in primary and metastatic OSCC tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results hLtn caused a significant decrease in OCCL XCR1 surface protein expression. hLtn CC3 mutant was highly functional facilitating proliferation and migration. Conditioned media from primary cancer‐associated and senescent fibroblasts significantly upregulated XCR1 and hLtn mRNA expression in OCCL. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher XCR1 and hLtn expression in metastatic tumour deposits and surrounding stroma compared to primary OSCC tissue. Conclusions The development of hLtn biological mutants, regulation of XCR1 expression by its ligand hLtn and crosstalk with fibroblasts are novel findings suggesting an important role for the XCR1/hLtn axis within the OSCC tumour microenvironment. These discoveries build upon previous studies and suggest that the hLtn/XCR1 axis has a significant role in stromal crosstalk and OSCC progression

Development of a lightweight IoT security system

Especially for constrained node devices, the risk of security and privacy increases as the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices increases. From smart homes to smart cities, IoT is ubiquitous, indicating that most devices will be connected to the internet soon. This exacerbates the problem of securing IoT devices. Where our privacy is at risk are IoT devices with inadequate security. These devices transmit sensitive and private data. To construct well-secured IoT devices, we must first overcome IoT device issues such as low computation power, small data storage, and low power consumption. This demonstrates the need for IoT device security systems to be lightweight. However, there is currently no adequate security system for IoT devices with limited functionality. Consequently, the objectives of this paper are to design a secure IoT system and to analyze the overall system’s power consumption and latency. The lightweight security system was able to secure MQTT messages with a latency of 0.3s and power consumption of 1.683mJ, according to the obtained results. Therefore, the success of the paper will enable IoT devices with limited bandwidth to transmit data securely

The development of the polytechnics in Malaysia Evaluation of policy and procedures for staff development

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN012078 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Optimization of process parameters for alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of palm oil using response surface methodology

Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) was synthesized from direct transesterification of vegetable oils, where the corresponding triglycerides react with methanol in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The alkali catalysts are the most common catalyst used in biodiesel industry, because the process proves faster and the reaction conditions are moderate compared to the acid catalyst. In the present study, biodiesel production using heterogeneous alkaline-catalysed transesterification process (KOH supported on SBA 15) was proposed. The influence of reaction temperature x1 (50 – 90 oC), ratio of methanol to oil, x2 (6:1 – 14:1 mol/mol), amount of catalyst, x3 (1 – 5wt.%), and reaction time, x4 (2 – 6 h) to the reaction was studied. These four conditions were studied using design of experiment (DOE), based on four-variable central composite design (CCD) with α = 2. The process variables were optimised using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in obtaining the maximum yield of biodiesel. This method was also applied to determine the significance and interaction of the variables affecting the biodiesel production. The biodiesel produced in the experiment was analysed by gas chromatography, which considered five major fatty acid methyl esters. The optimal conditions of response were found to be 70 oC for reaction temperature, 11.6 wt/wt of ratio methanol to oil, 3.91wt.% of weight of catalyst and 5 h for reaction time with 93% of biodiesel yield for predicted value and 87.3% from experimental

Deoxygenation of pyrolysis vapour derived from durian shell using catalysts prepared from industrial wastes rich in Ca, Fe, Si and Al

Catalysts prepared from industrial wastes rich in Fe, Ca, Si, and Al were used in catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapour derived from durian shell and their effect on product yield and properties were compared. With same silica-to-alumina ratio, catalyst prepared from oil palm ash (AS-OPA) with lower Fe and Ca contents gave higher liquid yield (8.32 wt%) with alcohols (28.90%), hydrocarbons (46.00%), and nitrogen-containing compounds (21.46%) while catalyst prepared from electric arc furnace slag (AS-EAF) with higher Fe and Ca contents produced lower liquid yield (50.21 wt%) with high amount of esters (25.80%) and hydrocarbons (72.82%). The presence of AS-OPA and AS-EAF catalysts enhanced deoxygenation degree of bio-oil to 81.13% and 85.49%, respectively. The catalytic performance of AS-EAF at different temperatures (400–600 °C) and AS-EAF/durian shell ratios (1:30, 2:30, 3:30) was investigated. Increasing catalytic temperature enhanced production of bio-oil, reduced oxygenates and enhanced formation of esters. The liquid yield and yield of esters decreased with increasing catalyst loading. Hydrocarbons (mainly neopentane) were the major chemical compounds found in bio-oil produced over AS-EAF. Besides that, AS-EAF showed good deoxygenation performance with highest selectivity of hydrocarbons at 500 °C and AS-EAF/durian shell ratio of 2:30. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of durian shell using waste-derived catalysts is an effective waste management strategy as the bio-oil produced can be a potential alternative source of energy or chemical feedstocks.Scopu

Catalytic Combustion of Voc in Air Stream Over Bimetallic Chromium-Copper Supported On Sicl4-Modified H-Zsm-5 Catalyst

The performance of chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) on silicon tetrachloride modified H-ZSM-5 (SiCl4-Z) catalyst in VOC combustion is reported. H-ZSM-5, modified with SiCl4 at 500?C for 3 h was impregnated with 1.0 wt. % of Cr and 0.5 wt. % of Cu. Performance studies were carried out at GHSV of 3,800 to 32,000 h-1 with 2,000 to 35,000 ppm of VOC. Changes in the activity of Cr-Cu/ SiCl4-Z were ascribed to extra framework deposits, surface acidity and pore characteristics. Cr-Cu/SiCl4-Z catalyst was more stable to coking, humidity and HCl than Cr-Cu/Z. In the combustion of chlorinated VOC, the chlorination of metal species deactivated the catalyst by rendering lower redox ability

Elucidation of interactive effects of synthesis conditions on the characteristics of mesoporous silicas templated using polyoxide surfactant

A series of mesoporous silicas (MS-1–MS-9) were synthesized at different gel compositions using a triblock copolymer (TCP), poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide), as the surfactant. The interactive effects of acidity, the contents of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and the surfactant, and the gelling temperature on the characteristics of the final material were simultaneously characterized. Increasing acidity favored mesopore formation. A material with a surface area of 760 m2/g, mostly in the mesoporous range, was obtained at 1.0(TEOS):0.017(TCP):7.3HCl:115.7H2O. Mesopore formation was predominantly determined by the TEOS:TCP ratio and was promoted with its increase from 1.56:1 to 2.09:1. A further increase to 2.61:1 was detrimental. Whereas increasing the TCP content to 3.5% w/w improved micellization, a further increase to 4.6% should be avoided. Mesoporous silicas showed low crystallinity but a high degree of hexagonal mesoscopic organization. The weak surface acidity was attributed to surface silanols, the number of which was proportional to mesoporosity