THE POSITION AND ROLE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN ISLAMIC VIEW

Abstract Gender issues are essentially demanding the equality of male and female roles. Gender Ais the inherent nature of women and men in social and cultural construction. As long as justice exists, Gender problems are not a problem. Women are often considered weak who can not do anything and men are considered strong and can do anything. Gender is often interpreted as gender, but there are fundamental differences between them. Therefore , gender differences become good for both men and women as complementary, to know each other and to give each other compassion and a sense of security in their souls. . In the view of society that women are a delicate and gentle and emotional and shy creature, whereas men are depicted with a strong, harsh, loud and assertive figure, enterprising, rational and courageous. In general Islam does not deny the similarities between men and women in terms of obtaining equal rights . Islam gives the teaching of the Ummah to give the highest respect and position for a woman . This paper discusses how Islam gives a position on the rights of equality to women, both in the role of social society and in the political scene. And it has been demonstrated by the Prophet in societal life. Surely without sacrificing his main task as a child educator even in the same time he can pursue his career outdoors . The woman getskan a special position compared to men, the position is, among others: Sama with a man's position, the position of the woman as the mother is higher than the male degree; Got part in the inheritance; The women of Santris had the priority of heaven from any door; Protecting the honors of women; Then for the parents who have daughters and their prodiation with affection and gentleness. The role of women in the social world of society takes many major roles. Women have the role of the most important existence in the future life of the nation's generation. Women who have a religious education will be able to distinguish and can discern which is good in Islam and which is not good in Islam. The existence of women in the midst of the family can give rise to the responsibility of a man in defending and maintaining and caring for the environment of the family from the influence or interference of outside parties. The role of women in male success also becomes evident that the various roles of women cannot be underestimated Keywords: Gender equality in Islamic view, position and role

Efektivitas Penyuluhan Higiene dan Sanitasi terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Penjamah Makanan di Kantin yang Dikelola Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak

Latar Belakang: Higiene sanitasi makanan diperlukan untuk melindungimakanan dari kontaminasi maupun mikroorganisme penular penyakit.Praktik higiene dan sanitasi makanan yang tidak baik memungkinkantercemarnya atau terkontaminasi makanan yang merupakan sumberpenyakit bagi manusia. Penjamah makanan merupakan kuncikeberhasilan dalam pengolahan makanan yang aman dan sehat. Tujuan:Mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan higiene dan sanitasi terhadappeningkatan pengetahuan sikap dan perilaku penjamah makanan di kantinpengelola Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. Metodologi: Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental dengan menggunakanrancangan one group pretest-postest design. Jumlah sampel 29responden dengan menggunakan teknik Accidental sampling.Pengumpulan data dengan memberikan kuesioner pretest, dan posttest.Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: Berdasarkan ujiwilcoxon diperoleh nilai significancy (sig) tingkat pengetahuan sebesar0,000 (p<005), nilai significancy (sig) tingkat sikap sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05),dan nilai significancy (sig) tingkat perilaku sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Penyuluhan higiene dan sanitasi makanan efektif untukmeningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku penjamah makanan

Evaluation of Vegetables Shelf Life Using Multispectral Scattering Method

This study was aimed to develop an algorithm based on the optical properties of some selected vegetables which can be used to evaluate shelf- life of some selected vegetables using multispectral scattering method. Multispectral algorithm will be developed to correlate light backscattering radiation of a vegetable with the level of shelf life conditions. The partial least square (PLS) regression models using three wavelengths were used to estimate the shelf life changes of the vegetable samples. The results showed that the developed multispectral scattering algorithms can be used to evaluate the shelf life changes of Chinese cabbage, carrot, Chili, and cucumber using wavelengths at 880, 890, and 950 nm as the light sources respectively. The calibration and validation processes of the algorithm produced good accuracy measurements as represented by high R2 values and low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). For the Chinese cabbage and the carrot samples, the algorithm was not effective to predict the changes of the shelf life because the responses was kept increasing even after the samples were dried and deteriorated. Also, the algorithms cannot be used to evaluate the shelf life changes of the onion because the calibration and validation processes produced low accuracy of measurements

Mechanistic modeling of an underbalanced drilling operation utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide

Mechanistic modeling of an underbalanced drilling operation using carbon dioxide has been developed in this research. The use of carbon dioxide in an underbalanced drilling operation eliminates some of the operational difficulties that arises with gaseous drilling fluids, such as generating enough torque to run a downhole motor. The unique properties of CO2, both inside the drill pipe and in the annulus are shown in terms of optimizing the drilling operation by achieving a low bottomhole pressure window. Typically CO2 becomes supercritical inside the drill pipe at this high density; it will generate enough torque to run a downhole motor. As the fluid exits the drill bit it will vaporize and become a gas, hence achieving the required low density that may be required for underbalanced drilling. The latest CO2 equation of state to calculate the required thermodynamic fluid properties is used. In addition, a heat transfer model taking into account varying properties of both pressure and temperature has been developed. A marching algorithm procedure is developed to calculate the circulating fluid pressure and temperature, taking into account the varying parameters. Both single phase CO2 and a mixture of CO2 and water have been studied to show the effect of produced water on corrosion rates. The model also is capable of handling different drill pipe and annular geometries

Study of factors affecting parental choice of private and public school in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

In recent years a preference for secondary private school education over secondary public school education has increased rapidly among parents in Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study explored why, in the perceptions of 386 participants, private schools were preferred by some parents to public schools, or vice-versa.The study was conducted through questionnaire survey and Focus Group methodologies in order to identify the factors that influenced parents to be attracted to their preferred school, as well as seeking to understand why and how these factors contributed to their decision-making. For example, some parents identified weaknesses in private schools that they felt had an impact upon their child’s academic performance. In some situations they, therefore, withdrew their children and sent them to public school. On the other hand, other parents expressed their dissatisfaction with elements of public school, resulting in them sending their children to private school.Through determining the effects of independent variables in terms of choice of public or private school, the researcher was able to provide head teachers and administrators of private and public schools with identified negative and positive attributes based upon parental perceptions.The thesis also places the situation in Saudi Arabia within the wider context of global research results regarding school choice, based upon a review of relevant literature addressing the reasons and circumstances influencing parents’ preference for private or public schools. This was achieved by collecting and collating data from a questionnaire survey of 386 public school and private school parents, followed by the results of a semi-structured Focus Group interview involving five parents from each type of school. In line with the literature review, a comparison of results was undertaken to explore the identified factors and the differences in perceptions of public and private schools parents related to the Quality of Instruction; Class Size; Teacher-Student Relationship; Parent-School Relationship; School Facilities; Physical Education and Sport activities; School Rules; Safe Haven.The result of the Logistic Regression analysis revealed that, in the Saudi context, there are four significant predictors of parental school choice at the p<0.05 level or below: Class Size (W= 35.864, p˂0.001); Safe Haven (W= 19.68, p˂0.001); School Facilities (W= 6.14, p˂0.05) and Physical Education (W= 5.44, p˂0.05). Class Size was the strongest predictor, reflecting that parents who score high (or have higher agreement) on this variable, are more likely to choose a private school, because these parents either have experience of private education and/or appreciate that small class size permits a much more intense nurturing and teaching environment for pupils from the staff. This in turn demonstrated higher academic achievement in pupils. The results from this study also demonstrated, however, that parents who identified the issue of the school as a Safe Haven for their children were more likely to choose a public school. Whereas, parents who identified School Facilities as the most influential factor in their decision-making were more likely to choose a private school. This result was reflected with similar results for Physical Education and Sports.Equally, the findings of this study indicate that parents who chose a private school demonstrated a more positive perception for the desirability of School Quality than public school parents. Also, the Pearson Correlation demonstrated that higher levels of parental educational achievement and monthly income were associated with stronger preferences for private schools. Conversely, participants who do not hold high education qualifications, and those who have lower monthly incomes, were more likely to choose public schools.As this study was undertaken only in Riyadh City, KSA, the researcher recommends that future replications of this study, or a similar study, should be conducted in other cities in the Kingdom. Such studies could inform and enhance the overall effectiveness of the National Education System in KSA.Since, for religious and cultural reasons, this study was conducted with male participants only a further important recommendation is that it would be beneficial to carry out a replication of this study, or a similar study, with female participants. Such a study would permit informative comparison of results, thereby positively contributing to enhancing the existing body of knowledge regarding reasons for parental perceptions and preferences related to school choice in KSA. Such data comparisons will help to inform improvements in the overall effectiveness of the National Education System in KSA

Racial Profiling as a counter- terrorism tool: To what extent has racial profiling contributed to the security of the United Kingdom since the London bombing of 7 June 2005?

The important fight against racial bias and discrimination in the United Kingdom is on the increase, with data showing that since the July 2005 train bombings, the police forces all over Britain have drastically increased the rates of racist assaults. Though there are currently rarer de jure practices of bias, de facto racial bias consistently plague the United Kingdom, restraining the pleasure of basic human rights among millions of people of ethnic and racial minorities. Practices and policies that seem race-neutral yet unfairly restrict the freedoms and rights of people of different racial backgrounds are hard to challenge, and inaugurating their discriminatory nature within the conscious of the public and among policymakers is a battle that is too difficult to fight. The law enforcements’ racial profiling and the related criminalization of people based on their race is a perfect example of the difficulty (Hudson, 2011). Despite the irresistible evidence about the existence of profiling, often confirmed by official data, there is still egregious and prevalent discrimination in a number of western nations.   The issue of differences in treatment of people of different ethnic background has brought a significant debate among observers and scholars, though there is no conclusion that is being adopted by the United Kingdom. This paper evaluates the application of racial profiling as a tool to counter terrorism, and the extent to which it has contributed to UK’s security since the 7 July 2005 train bombings in London. The paper defines profiling, the perspective of legality and human rights, effectiveness, and limitations

Application of mechanistic models in predicting flow behavior in deviated wells under UBD conditions

Underbalanced drilling (UBD) has increased in recent years because of the many advantages associated with it. These include increase in the rate of penetration and reduction of lost circulation and formation damage. Drilling of deviated and horizontal wells also increased since recovery can be improved from a horizontal or a deviated well. The drilling of deviated wells using UBD method will reduce several drilling related problems such as hole cleaning and formation damage. Prediction of flow and pressure profiles while drilling underbalanced in such wells will help in designing and planning of the well. The main aim of this research is to study and model the effect of well deviation on pressure and flow profile in the drillstring and the annulus under UBD conditions through the use of mechanistic two phase flow models. Specifically, a current model is modified to include effects of wellbore deviation. Simulation results are compared with data from a deviated well drilled with UBD technology

The Era of Space Communication

This paper discusses the evolution of space communications with special focus on Low Earth Orbits (LEOs) and how they are shaping the human daily life as well as the industrial day-to-day business

Distal Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma arises from the epithelial lining of the biliary tree. It accounts for approximately 3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. This chapter looks at the new advances that have been made in the management of distal cholangiocarcinoma, based on a literature review. Diagnosis of the disease resides mainly in clinical presentation and radiological diagnosis and biopsy indicated in selected cases. Surgical resection is the main curative treatment for distal cholangiocarcinoma, and resectability of the tumor can now be assessed using multiple radiological imaging studies. Resection margins and lymph node invasion status are the two important prognostic factors after surgery. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the standard surgical treatment of choice in distal cholangiocarcinoma; however, combined major vascular and hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy can be indicated in selected cases. Adjuvant therapy is clearly indicated after surgical resection with survival improvement, but optimal adjuvant treatment strategy has not yet been established