Disorders of sexual development: understanding the basics

The enthusiasms on 'intersex' have been with humanity since antique. Inadequacies in the management of the condition backwash in Psychosocial and medical morbidities with occasional mortality. The upsurge in the knowledge of its pathophysiology over generations has incredibly improved the management outcome. This study aims to present the fundamentals of the Pathophysiology and Management of DSD. The information provided is intended to guide in the basic evaluation and care of individuals with the disorder. Material and Method: Search from PubMed, EMBASE and AJOL for Literature on Disorders of Sexual development was reviewed. The search words were; intersex, the disorder of sexual differentiation (DSD), Pseudohermaphroditism, Hermaphroditism and Ambiguous genitalia. The literature on the Pathophysiology and the managementwas appraised and summarized. Conclusion: Genetic inquest and advances in molecular biology had provided cognizance on the pathophysiology of DSD. Patient's advocacy groups and denovo medical ethics necessitated the transformations in the approach to the management

The Examining of Job Satisfaction Level of Koran Teachers in Terms of Some Variables

The aim of this study is to analyze the job satisfaction level of Koran teachers. The relationships between the job satisfaction level of Koran teachers and some demographic status (gender, age and educational level) were examined. For this purpose, the Koran teachers on the sample of 243 questionnaires were selected. Statistical operations on the data obtained were analyzed via SPSS program. At the conclusion of the study, it was found that gender is the ineffective factor; educational level and age are the effective factors for job satisfaction of Koran teachers

Impact of Development on Traditional Pastoralism in Somalia

The Somali pastoral nomads live in an environmental condition of risk and uncertainty. The scarce and unreliable rainfall is the primary element ·which determines the existence of nomadic pastoralism. The lands devoted to pastoralism in Somalia are those arid and semi-arid areas that could not sustain cropping, so that pastoralism may be considered the only rational utilization of the land resource. Nomads live in an environment where the survival of both animals and plants are constrained by many factors such as droughts. Yet, both nomads and their animals have evolved by learning numerous adaptive strategies to cope with their harsh, unpredictable environment. Mobility is the primary means by which Somali pastoralists compensate for the sparse and unpredictable resources which characterize the arid environment. It is a strategy of risk aversion, crisis survival, and a way of exploiting a rangeland poorly endowed with moisture. The use of different species of livestock common to arid environments by nomadic pastoralist is based on pragmatic considerations. The practice has both ecological and economic implications. Different species utilize different ecological niches more efficiently than single species. Resistance to drought also differs, as does reproductive rate and maturation rate. Therefore, by keeping a mixture of small and large stock, Somali pastoralists are able to exploit an environment which could not be as productive otherwise, and each specie provides a valuable resource. Camels, for example, are kept mainly for milk and transportation, sheep and goats as a source of meat, and cash income. Various rangeland development projects and programs were undertaken as part of an effort to improve the range resource and to alleviate constraints in livestock production. development projects have been implemented. Four successive range These include the present on-going Central Rangeland Development Project in addition to three other projects in the northern part of the country. Lack of baseline data and inadequate numbers of qualified people were the principal problems encountered. The formation of an agency responsible for all range activities in the country was one of the major achievements. Various interventions have resulted in unanticipated long-term environmental degradation and have had a detrimental impact on the fragile pastoral ecosystem. The development of stock water points as well as veterinary services have caused more harm than help. Above all, Nomadic pastoralism makes use of an environment which is difficult to manipulate in light of present technology and social institution. It is recommended that any development program plan should consider basic factors contributing to the nomadic land use. Also, research is needed to mitigate the impact of dynamic environment. The underlying problems are mainly due to increasing human population and refusal of policy makers to understand the complexity of pastoral ecosystems

Background and approach to a definition of smart buildings

There is no possibility of finding a single reference about domotics in the first half of the 20th century. The best known authors and those who have documented this discipline, set its origin in the 1970’s, when the x-10 technology began to be used, but it was not until 1988 when Larousse Encyclopedia decided to include the definition of "Smart Building". Furthermore, even nowadays, there is not a single definition widely accepted, and for that reason, many other expressions, namely "Intelligent Buildings" "Domotics" "Digital Home" or "Home Automation" have appeared to describe the automated buildings and homes. The lack of a clear definition for "Smart Buildings" causes difficulty not only in the development of a common international framework to develop research in this field, but it also causes insecurity in the potential user of these buildings. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to propose a definition of the expression “Smart Buildings” that satisfactorily describes the meaning of this discipline. To achieve this aim, a thorough review of the origin of the term itself and the historical background before the emergence of the phenomenon of domotics was conducted, followed by a critical discussion of existing definitions of the term "Smart Buildings" and other similar terms. The extent of each definition has been analyzed, inaccuracies have been discarded and commonalities have been compared. Throughout the discussion, definitions that bring the term "Smart Buildings" near to disciplines such as computer science, robotics and also telecommunications have been found

Simulation and Prediction of Urbanization in Makurdi City, Nigeria using CA-Markov Technique

The intensification of anthropogenic activities covering agriculture, deforestation, expanding farmland, and urban centers are greatly changing the landscape across the globe. This study uses Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULCC) computed from Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI datasets of 1986, 2006 and 2016 respectively. These were analyzed using ArcGIS and IDRISI to make clear land use structures. These software enabled us to classify LULC into five classes to examine and monitor the changes that have taken place in the area. IDRISI’s Land Change Modeler was ran to model land use and land cover dynamic in the study area. CA-Markov model was used to simulate and predict its spatio-temporal change rules and driving factors using DEM, distance to road and distance to water. The results showed that built-up areas have been on the increase from 24.10% in 2016 to 41.71% in the year 2036, with the spatial trend of built up areas showing that there is a growing trend in the city centre, spreading towards the fringes of north west, north east, sharing boundary with Nassarawa State relative to other directions. Urbanized land maintained the growth momentum while farmland area decreased and other land use types kept a relative stable level. Spatial raster contrast proved that CA-Markov model was in high consistency for the LUCC prediction. Makurdi city has changed dramatically, characterized with the shrinkage of farmland area, vegetation, primarily due to the urbanization and the trend is projected to intensify. Finally, the use of IDRISI in modeling LULC is a suitable approach to understand the future LULC pattern. Keywords: LULCC, CA-Markov, Urbanization, Simulation, Landsa

A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR DIABETES USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES (A CASE STUDYOF SOME SELECTED HOSPITALS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which refers to a metabolic disorder that occurs when the level of blood sugar in the body is considered high, which could be a resulting effect of inadequate availability of insulin in the body. It is a chronic disease which may lead to myriads of complications in the body system. Statistics by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013, indicated that DM was the cause of death of over 1.5 million people around the world and in 2016, 8.5% of adults within age seventeen (17) and above were reported to be diabetic and diabetic patients have continued to increase in recent years. It is therefore very glaring that these alarming figures calls for very urgent and effective attention. There has been a recent proliferate increase in studies relating to machine learning in the healthcare sector, hence the motivation for this research work. The research was based on the prevalence of diabetes amongst the masses of Kaduna metropolis using some selected hospitals as a case study after which a predictive model was designed for diabetes, using some selected supervised learning algorithms like Decision tree algorithm, K- Nearest Neighbour algorithm and Artificial Neural Networks on a dataset gotten from 44 Army Reference Hospital and Yusuf Danstoho Memorial Hospital Kaduna which constitutes of nine (9) attributes that was considered. The results indicated that ANN produced the highest accuracy with 97.40% followed by decision tree algorithm with 96.10% accuracy then K-NN algorithm with 88.31% accuracy. This result was further validated using fifty (50) dataset out of which forty-eight results were rightly predicted

Climate change and its implications on human existence in Nigeria: a review

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