Reconsidering the Cultural Geographies of State and Non State Spaces

Abstract In Indonesia, the societies have a long history as a runaway society and fugitive from the state-making projects. Many historical accounts prove that people escape from the state projects, such as corvee labor, wars, diseases and epidemics, conscriptions, slavery, taxes, violence, warfare, diseases, and poverty. In general, this paper describes the state-society relations and examines the meaning of the non-governed society. This paper questions what distinguishes between govern and non-governed society, what kind of social economy and cultural life of non-governed society that distinguishes from a governed state? To answer these questions, this paper explores the distinction of the governed and the non-governed society, which live in the different geographical areas. This paper explains the distinctions and frictions between lowland and highland society in Indonesia, in terms of social economy, kinship, political organization, and religion. In the last reflection, the author argues that non governed society is not only people who live in the upland and far from the centralized bureaucracy, rather they also live in the middle of dense population of a town and even under a most centralized and autocratic regime. Keywords: Geography of the Highland and Lowland, non Governed Society, Resistance, Anarchism.&nbsp

Simulation of brittle damage for fracture process of endodontically treated tooth

The mechanics of brittle damage in porcelain of an endodontically treated maxilla incisor tooth was simulated using finite element method (FEM). For this purpose a very complex composite structure of endodontically treated tooth is simulated under transverse loading. Three dimensional (3D) model of human maxilla incisor tooth root was developed based on Computed Tomography (CT) scan images. Crown, core cement, resin core, dental post, post cement and dentin were created using SolidWorks software, and then the model was imported into ABAQUS-6.9EF software for nonlinear behavior analysis. This study utilizes finite element method to simulate onset and propagation of crack in ceramic layer (porcelain) by the cause of both tension and compression loading related to complexity of the geometry of tooth implant. The simulation has been done using brittle damaged model available in ABAQUS/Explicit in quasi-static load condition. The load-displacement response of whole structure is measured from the top of porcelain by controlling displacement on a rigid rod. Crack initiated at the top of porcelain bellow the location of the rod caused by tension damage at equivalent load of 590 N. Damage in porcelain accounts for up to 63% reduction of whole structure stiffness from the undamaged state. The failure process in porcelain layer can be described by an exponential rate of fracture energy dissipation. This study demonstrated that the proposed finite element model and analysis procedure can be use to predict the nonlinear behavior of tooth implant

Anisotropic structural and optical properties of a-plane (11-20) AlInN nearly-lattice-matched to GaN

We report epitaxial growth of a-plane (11-20) AlInN layers nearly-lattice-matched to GaN. Unlike for c-plane oriented epilayers, a-plane Al_{1-x}In_{x}N cannot be simultaneously lattice-matched to GaN in both in-plane directions. We study the influence of temperature on indium incorporation and obtain nearly-lattice-matched Al_{0.81}In_{0.19}N at a growth temperature of 760^{o}C. We outline a procedure to check in-plane lattice mismatch using high resolution x-ray diffraction, and evaluate the strain and critical thickness. Polarization-resolved optical transmission measurements of the Al_{0.81}In_{0.19}N epilayer reveal a difference in bandgap of ~140 meV between (electric field) E_parallel_c [0001]-axis and E_perpendicular_c conditions with room-temperature photoluminescence peaked at 3.38 eV strongly polarized with E_parallel_c, in good agreement with strain-dependent band-structure calculations

Strategi Positioning dalam Rangka Mempertahankan dan Meningkatkan Pangsa Pasar Rsia St Fatimah Makassar

Positioning RSIA St. Fatimah cenderung untuk pasien rawat inap di bawah program perlindungan sosial daripada pasien rawat inap umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor yang memengaruhi positioning RSIA St. Fatimah. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei cross sectional study yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon terhadap tujuan penelitian dari responden yang berjumlah 150 pasien. Sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik probability sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat variabel independen, yakni strategi layanan dengan nilai p=0,00, strategi promosi dengan nilai p=0,00, strategi harga dengan nilai p=0,00 dan strategi proses dengan nilai p=0,00 berhubungan positif dan signifikan dengan positioning RSIA St. Fatimah Makassar. Strategi promosi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap positioning RSIA St. Fatimah dengan nilai p=0,46. Strategi harga tidak berpengaruh signifikan dengan nilai p=0,81. Strategi proses berpengaruh signifikan terhadap positioning RSIA St. Fatimah dengan nilai p=0,01 dan besar pengaruh 2,63. Kesimpulannya adalah strategi pelayanan, strategi promosi, strategi harga dan strategi proses yang memengaruhi secara dominan adalah strategi pelayanan

Csms Implementation and Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Contractor Safety Performance in PT Vale Indonesia

Safety of life and work (safety) is the main value that must be owned by every company, not least PT Vale Indonesia (PTVI) as a nickel mining and processing company operating in Sorowako, South Sulawesi. This study aims to examine the implementation and effectiveness of CSMS, including the factors that affect the safety performance of contractors at PT Vale Indonesia in Sorowako. This study was conducted by analyzing the significance and correlation between CSMS implementation and its effectiveness as well as the influencing factors: culture and behavior, work conditions, resources, communication and training. The analytical tool used is Chi Square and Kendall's Tau with primary data obtained from the questionnaire survey to the parties related to CSMS that are contractors and stakeholders in PT Vale Indonesia and secondary data in the form of data safety record in EHS department of PT Vale Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the CSMS program in PT Vale Indonesia has been implemented well and sufficiently, so the effects of the program have been in accordance with its objectives and lead to targets determined on the quantity side, but in terms of quality needs to be improved further by increasing fulfillment of CSMS implementation and significant influencing factors are: improvement of training, communication and culture and safety behavior

Service Quality In Improving Customer Satisfaction At Bmt Barokatul Ummah In Merauke District

This study using quantitative descriptive research that is to know the Quality of Service In Improving Customer Satisfaction. While the survey was conducted on the customers at BMT Barokatul Ummah in Merauke District. The results of this study indicate that all aspects of Assurance, Reliability, Tangible, and Responsiveness dimensions have been well executed, and have a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction on BMT Barokatul Ummah. This means that the increased dimensions Assurance, Reliability, Tangible, and Responsiveness the higher the customer satisfaction. While Compliance dimenis has a negative and significant impact on customer satisfaction. This means that if the dimensions of Compliance actually implemented according to Islamic Shari'a on BMT Barokatul Ummah, then the level of customer satisfaction will decrease. And for Empathy dimension has negative and insignificant effect to customer satisfaction. This means that the Empathy dimension does not affect customer satisfaction in BMT Barokatul Ummah in Merauke Regency

Pathogenicity and characteristics of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus from Peninsular Malaysia

A study on the characteristics of the Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhredovirus (SpltNPV) was carned out. The result shows that the virus was pathogenic and specific to its host, S. litura larva. It caused 96% larval mortality within a period of 10 days at a dosage of 6 x 1(jS PIBs/larva and did not affect lepidopteran larvae, Spirama retorta Clerck (Noctuidae) and bagworm, Pteroma pendulaJoannis (Psychidae). The polyhedra, varied in their shape, contained many virions with more than one nucleocapsid in a virion