Information technology and cost efficiency in Malaysian banking industry

It is argued that information technology can increase cost efficiency of banks by offering opportunities to substitute across inputs into production – for example, to substitute computer technology and information networks for labor. Hence, the transition to a knowledge-based financial sector would lead to banks becoming more competitive, more cost effective and better able in managing risks. As such, those banks that failed to make this transition are less able to compete as they lack the capability to innovate and face higher delivery costs. The main objectives of this paper are to determine the impact of IT on banking efficiency and its economies of scale using a sample of Malaysian banks. To achieve these objectives, stochastic cost frontier method is employed to estimate bank efficiency and panel data approach were used to examine the impact of IT on bank efficiency. The results indicate that the impact of IT on bank efficiency increases with increase in bank size, hence further supporting the process of bank mergers that are currently undertaken in the Malaysian banking industry

On Principle of Equicontinuity

The main purpose of this paper is to prove some results of uniform boundedness principle type without the use of Baire’s category theorem in certain topological vector spaces; this provides an alternate route and important technique to establish certain basic results of functional analysis. As applications, among other results, versions of the Banach—Steinhaus theorem and the Nikodym boundedness theorem are obtained.Обоснованы некоторые результаты типа принципа однородной ограниченности без использования теоремы категории Байера в некоторых топологических векторных пространствах, что обеспечивает альтернативный способ и важную методику для получения результатов функционального анализа. Получены также версии теоремы Банаха — Штейнхауза и теоремы ограниченности Никодима.Обгрунтовано деякі результати типу принципу однорідної обмеженості без використання теореми категорії Байєра у деяких топологічних векторних просторах, що забезпечує альтернативний спосіб та важливу методику для отримання результатів функціонального аналізу. Отримано також версії теореми Банаха—Штейнхауза та теореми обмеженості Нікодима

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION (HPE) AS AN EDUCATIONAL DISCIPLINE IN PAKISTAN: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND PROSPECTS

Purpose of the study: This article reviews the importance of Health and Physical education (HPE) as an educational discipline in Pakistan: contemporary issues and prospects involved in the negligence of this important sphere of education which range from lack of interest of stakeholders in Pakistan. Methodology: Peer-reviewed and scholarly journals were searched for articles related to Health & Physical education program. Keywords included curriculum, physical activities, instruction, health and nutrition, carrier opportunities, guidance, teacher training because the review aimed to highlight the importance of HPE as an educational discipline in Pakistan and to address the prevailing issues and prospective improvement. Findings: The status of Health and Physical education as an academic discipline was discussed in the article. Among the comparison of the program in Pakistan with that of the others countries, a lack of awareness about the benefits and career opportunities for graduates of HPE is there. Applications of this study: Like other programs and projects, the HPE program aimed at the production of skillful youth who have comprehensive knowledge of the subject and also the practice. This study focused on only Health and physical education program but will help to bring positive change in the other discipline too and will facilitate the production of skilled youth in other academic programs. Novelty/Originality of this study: This review highlights the importance of the Health and Physical education program both at inter, BS ( Bachelor of Studies ), MS, & Ph.D. level and practical outcomes in the shape of physically, mentally, and emotionally fit graduates

CONVERGENCE OF S-ITERATIVE METHOD TO A SOLUTION OF FREDHOLM INTEGRAL EQUATION AND DATA DEPENDENCY

The convergence of normal S-iterative method to solution of a nonlinearFredholm integral equation with modied argument is established. The correspondingdata dependence result has also been proved. An example in support of the established results is included in our analysis

Do young inspire to be an entrepreneur? A case of secondary students perception in Malaysia

Youth plays an important role in the nation development.They were the future leader and development partners that drives towards the development of the nations. The ability to harness their potential as entrepreneur will helps to determine the nation strength and resilience in pursuing social, economic and political development.Therefore, providing proper environment and opportunities will be essential to inspire youth in becoming an entrepreneur.This paper will look into factors affecting youth intention (with target group of secondary school pupil in Malaysia) of becoming entrepreneur.The finding indicates that only 144 students from a sample of 1011 secondary students in Malaysia have interest to engage in entrepreneurship upon completion of schooling although various approaches have been made to increase youths participating in entrepreneurship.This study also suggested with recommendations to enhance and review existing curriculum entrepreneurship education for improve youth intention of becoming entrepreneur

3β-Chloro-6-[2-(2-cyano­acet­yl)hydrazin-1-yl­idene]-5α-cholestane

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C30H48ClN3O, contains two mol­ecules, A and B. In both mol­ecules, the three cyclo­hexane rings in the steroid fused ring systems adopt chair conformations, while the cyclo­pentane rings adopt envelope and twist conformations in mol­ecules A and B, respectively. In mol­ecule B, the cyano group is disordered over two orientations with refined site-occupancies of 0.593 (8) and 0.407 (8). An intra­molecular C—H⋯N inter­action forms an S(10) ring in both mol­ecules. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions, resulting is chains propagating along the a-axis direction

Information tehnology and cost efficiency in Malaysian banking industry

It is argued that information technology can increase cost efficiency of banks by offering opportunities to substitute across inputs into production – for example, to substitute computer technology and information networks for labor. Hence, the transition to a knowledge-based financial sector would lead to banks becoming more competitive, more cost effective and better able in managing risks. As such, those banks that failed to make this transition are less able to compete as they lack the capability to innovate and face higher delivery costs. The main objectives of this paper are to determine the impact of IT on banking efficiency and its economies of scale using a sample of Malaysian banks. To achieve these objectives, stochastic cost frontier method is employed to estimate bank efficiency and panel data approach were used to examine the impact of IT on bank efficiency. The results indicate that the impact of IT on bank efficiency increases with increase in bank size, hence further supporting the process of bank mergers that are currently undertaken in the Malaysian banking industry

Analytic and empirical study of the rate of convergence of some iterative methods

We study analytically and empirically the rate of convergence of two $k$-step fixed point iterative methods in the family of methods $$x_{n+1}=T(x_{i_0+n-k+1},x_{i_1+n-k+1},\dots, x_{{i_{k-1}+n-k+1}}),\,n\geq k-1,$$ where $T\colon X^k\rightarrow X$ is a mapping satisfying some Presic type contraction conditions and $(i_0,i_1,\dots,i_{k-1})$ is a permutation of  $(0,1,\dots,k-1)$.   We also consider the Picard iteration associated to the fixed point problem  $x=T(x,\dots,x)$ and compare analytically and empirically the rate and speed of convergence of the three iterative methods. Our approach opens a new perspective on the study of the rate of convergence / speed of convergence of fixed point iterative methods and also illustrates the essential difference between them by means of some concrete numerical experiments

A two-stage supply chain with inspection errors and learning in production

It is imperative for the firms today to continuously look for ways to improve their performance. Coordination is a tool that is frequently employed for this purpose. Common cycle time, quantity discounts and delay in payments are some of the coordination strategies between the stakeholders in a supply chain. An important issue which is missing in the supply chain literature is incorporating human factors such as inspection errors and learning. This paper develops a simple approach to determine an optimal vendor-retailer inventory policy that accounts for inspection error at the retailer’s end and learning in production at the vendor’s end. The objective is to minimize the joint annual cost incurred by the supply chain. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the significance of the model presented