Analisis pemilikan bermanfaat dalam kewangan Islam berdasarkan kaedah tarjih bayn al-asl wa al-zahir

Pemilikan aset merupakan aspek penting dalam memastikan keabsahan kontrak jual beli. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam konteks kewangan Islam, isu pemilikan bermanfaat menjadi topik yang hangat berikutan operasi kewangan Islam yang berjalan dalam kerangka konvensional perundangan negara. Pemilikan bermanfaat dianggap tidak mengikut piawaian pemilikan dalam syariah. Justeru, kajian ini dilakukan untuk menghuraikan kedudukan dan maksud pemilikan bermanfaat dari perspektif undang-undang dan Syariah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan bagi menjelaskan konsep pemilikian bermanfaat. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan kaedah deduktif dan deskriptif untuk melakukan tarjih. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan pemilikan bermanfaaat diiktiraf sebagai pemilikan sebenar kerana Syariah membenarkan pemindahan pemilikan sebaik sahaja ijab dan qabul terlaksana. Kajian ini penting untuk menjadi panduan kepada institusi kewangan Islam dalam menstruktur produk yang patuh Syariah

Deemed Consent in Islamic Banking from Contract Law Perspective: A Sharia Analysis

This paper is specifically focusing on the issue of deemed consent as applied in modern Islamic financial contracts. It has been recognized by some scholars and rejected by others. The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of deemed consent in contract law and its recognition from the Sharia point of view. It begins with examining the meaning of sighah and deemed consent from civil law as well as Islamic law perspective and followed by the analysis of the effect of silence in the validity of acceptance in Islamic law of contract. The approach that is applied in this study is qualitative research in nature, with regards to documentation and secondary sources by reviewing and analyzing the fiqhi perspective of consent and silence in Islamic law; by taking into consideration current practice of financial industry. The findings of the study are that deemed consent in the law can be considered as an acceptance. It is understood by the buyer indicating his consent to the sale by his conduct or silence. Generally, absolute silence in banking transactions is not an acceptance, but that there must be evidences or clues indicating the consent of customers. As such the non-absolute silence can be considered as acceptance in the Islamic law by taking into consideration some Sharia parameters proposed in this study. Interestingly, this idea is also shared by the Common law. Accordingly, based on the analysis conducted in this study, tacit acceptance, or implied acceptance is one of the means of expressing contemporary consent that can be applied. This study develops Sharia parameters consisting of five items as important guidelines in applying deemed consent in the Islamic banking

Environmental management activities of an infrastructure development project: the case of Beris Dam, Malaysia

Development projects need to integrate environmental dimensions into project management functions to ensure successful implementation of environmental management and control practices throughout the development process. The management functions include the scope of work for environmental control, the quality of work or performance to be delivered, the scheduling for environmental works, and the most important one is the budget for environmental control. The aim of this paper is to examine and discuss about the environmental dimensions of Beris Dam during its construction and development process. The environmental dimension criteria and elements of the project were examined by means of reviewing environmental control documents used in the project’s construction and development, and site visits. The review reveals that in general the Beris Dam EIA and EMP reports scored between ‘unsatisfactory’ to ‘good’ for the criteria and elements of good environmental practice. These findings indicate the need to increase both effort and implementation of environmental dimensions in project management to help improve the success of implementing environmental management activities in the construction and development of a projec

The Influence of Innovation Types towards Small Medium Enterprises Performance: A Study of Malaysian Manufacturing Industry

Malaysian SMEs is very important to the country especially in contribution to creating more job opportunities, generating higher production volumes, increase export and many others. SMEs has been recognized because of the essential role that has been carried out towards the economic growth, but it is actually disappointed because the fact shows that the developments and performances of Malaysian SME considered low if compared to the others developing's country. Even though numerous government efforts have been and are being implemented over the years, SMEs performance is still not achieved as expected. In addition, with globalization economy nowadays, SME also faced the difficulties in order to sustain and survive especially to compete with the foreign company. The competition from the foreign company has forced SME to strategies their organization to be more competitive particularly through innovation performance. Therefore, this study has selected innovation as variables and aim to find out the influence of innovation towards Malaysian SME performance. This study measured innovation by four types of innovation namely product innovation, process innovation, administrative innovation, and marketing innovation. SMEs performance was measured from the perspective of financial and non-financial. The survey was conducted among top-level management of 440 Manufacturing SME in Malaysia. The data was analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the hypotheses were tested through regression analysis. Keywords: Product innovation, process innovation, administrative innovation, marketing innovation, Small Medium Enterprises, Manufacturing, Malaysia

Soil Temperature Regimes under Mixed Dipterocarp Forests of Peninsular Malaysia

Soil temperature regimes of forested and open conditions at selected depths of 5, 10, 20 and 30 cm, were reported based on data collected over a two-year period. Results showed that temperature of soil under forest cover was consistently lower than of the open by 4 to GOC due to 'shading effect' of forest cover. The top 5 cm layer in the open showed the greatest variation whilst insignificant differences were observed among layers under forest. Weighted average soil profile temperature for both conditions seemed to follow closely the mean air temperature. However, open air temperatures consistently recorded lower values

A new breed of Islamic accountants and their role in Islamic institutions

Accountants and accounting have played a very crucial role in Muslim societies. Accountants who were known as al-Katib or al-Muhasib, held very prestigious positions in Islamic institutions. The purpose of this paper is to discuss accountability of accountants from Islamic perspective. Then, this paper attempts to explain the role of Islamic accountants as a new demanded profession in Islamic institutions in order to meet the objective of Shariah

Kepentingan faktor fasād al-zamān dalam penetapan hukum ijtihādī

Penetapan sesuatu hukum syarak boleh dipengaruhi oleh faktor fasād al-zamān sehinggakan banyak hukum yang berubah disebabkannya. Namun begitu, kesamaran tentang rangkuman makna di sebalik istilah dan kepentingannya menimbulkan persoalan tentang akhlak bagaimakah yang disifatkan sebagai fasād al-zamān dan kedudukannya dalam usul fiqh. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan konsep fasād al-zamān dan kepentingan mengambil kiranya dari perspektif usul fiqh. Kajian ini berasaskan kaedah kualitatif dengan mengambil pendekatan analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa fasād al-ẓamān merujuk kepada kesemua keadaan kerosakan akhlak, kehakisan sifat warak serta kerapuhan pegangan agama masyarakat secara menyeluruh dan umum tanpa mengkhususkan akhlak-akhlak tertentu. Selain itu, kajian juga mendapati kepentingan fasād al-zamān sebagai satu faktor kepada dalil istiṣlāh (maṣlahah mursalah) khususnya dalam mengubah dan mentarjih hukum syarak tertentu iaitu hukum-hukum furuk yang berasaskan kepada qiyās dan maṣlahah

The effects of selective logging methods on hydrological parameters in Peninsular Malaysia.

An experimental forest watershed, consisting of three small catchments at Berembun, Negeri Sembilan, in Peninsular Malaysia has been monitored from 1979 to 1987. Adequate instruments were installed for continuous collection of hydrologic and climatic data. The calibration and post-treatment phases lasted for three and four years respectively. Two types of treatments were imposed -namely commercial selective logging and supervised selective logging in catchment 1 and catchment 3 whilst catchment 2 remained as a control. Pertinent logging guidelines were prescribed and assessed in C3 in terms of hydrological responses. Significant water yield increases were observed after forest treatment in both catchments amounting to 165 mm (70%) and 87 mm (37%) respectively in the first year; increases persisted to the fourth year after treatment. Magnitude and rate of water yield increase primarily depended on the amount of forest removed and the prevailing rainfall regime and the increase was largely associated with baseflow augmentation. Interestingly, both types of selective loggings produced no significant effect on peak discharge while the commercial logging resulted in a significant increase in stormflow volume and initial discharge. Such responses can be explained by the extensive nature of selective logging which normally left a substantial area of forest intact and minimal disturbance to flow channels. Thus, conservation measures introduced in this study - the use of buffer strips, cross drains, an appropriate percentage for the forest road network,- were found to be effective and beneficial in ameliorating the hydrological impacts

The effectiveness of green campaign: No Plastic Bag campaign in Penang

No Plastic campaign is important in order to reduce the use of plastics that will lead to a greener environment, reduce the problem of marine litter and contribute to efficient garbage landfill process. Penang launched the No Plastic campaign on daily basis starting 1 January 2011. A twenty cents charge per plastics will be the charge for each plastic bag request by the consumer. The objective of this study is to identify the understanding and awareness level of consumer towards the campaign’s objective and to relate the consumers’ behaviour towards the campaign. The significance of this study is to determine the understanding of consumer towards green campaign. The method that will be using is target-sampling method targeted people who live in Penang Island, whereby the respondent will be selected based on the opportunity sampling method

Konsep pemilikan dalam pembiayaan perumahan dan kenderaan berasaskan akad ijarah di Perbankan Islam serta kesannya kepada akad hibah

Pemilikan merupakan aspek penting untuk menentukan keupayaan melakukan kepelbagaian urusniaga terhadap aset yang dimiliki oleh sesuatu entiti. Perkembangan insitusi kewangan Islam yang semakin rancak telah menyaksikan berlakunya kepelbagaian akad pendasar dalam sesuatu kontrak pembiayaan yang memberi kesan kepada aspek pemilikan terhadap pelanggan dan juga insitusi kewangan Islam. Majoriti fuqaha’ berpandangan seseorang individu tersebut perlu memiliki pemilikan secara sempurna terhadap aset bagi memastikan kesahan sebarang urusan muamalat seperti jual beli dan hibah mengikut persepektif syarak. Pada masa kini, sebahagian besar umat Islam di Malaysia memiliki aset perumahan dan kenderaan melalui pembiayaan yang diperolehi daripada insitusi kewangan Islam yang memakan masa berpuluh tahun untuk melunaskan baki pembayaran. Melalui kontrak pembiayaan tersebut, timbulnya isu sekiranya pemilik berhajat untuk menghibahkan aset yang masih dalam tempoh pembiayaan. Justeru, kertas kerja ini bertujuan merungkai sejauhmana akad hibah tersebut sah untuk dilakukan berdasarkan konsep pemilikan yang terdapat dalam produk pembiayaan perumahan dan kenderaan berasaskan akad ijarah yang ditawarkan oleh insitusi kewangan Islam. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui metode kualitatif yang menggunakan analisis kandungan untuk menjelaskan impak konsep pemilikan dalam produk pembiayaan perumahan dan kenderaan terhadap akad hibah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa insitusi kewangan Islam merupakan pemilik sebenar terhadap aset yang dibiayai melalui akad sewaan dan implikasinya menyebabkan penghibahan aset yang dilakukan dalam tempoh pembiayaan tersebut adalah tidak harus di sisi syarak