Fabrication and Characterization of ZnSCubic : P3HT, ZnSHexa : P3HT and ZnSHexa : P3HT:PVA-Ag Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

This paper describes the fabrication of P3HT based bulk heterojunction solar cell using ZnS nanoparticles of sphalarite and wurtzite crystal structure and discusses their photovoltaic characteristics. It is found that the device of P3HT : ZnS can give higher Voc and surface modified wurtzite ZnS is able to give higher Voc (~ 1.3 V) as well as higher current density (229.60 A/cm2) and comparable efficiency (0.032 %). Active layer (P3HT : ZnS) showed a broad optical absorption from 320 nm to 650 nm and it is seen that the absorption intensity increased in the blend than the pristine P3HT

Improvement and Mitigation of Kerr Effects on Multichannel ‎Communication Systems Using Efficient Optical Method

في هذا البحث، تم دراسة توليد طريقة التخفيف البصري لتعويض التشوهات في نقل الألياف البصرية لمسافات طويلة الناتجة عن التشتت اللوني وعدم خطية كير في الأنظمة متعددة القنوات. يتم استخدام طريقة هجينة جديدة تُعرف باسم اقتران الطور البصري (OPC) باستخدام الألياف غير الخطية مع مضخم رامان كجزء من عملية تحسين أداء أنظمة الاتصالات باستخدام إشارة أحادية النمط القياسي لوصلة الألياف أحادية الوضع بطول 800 كيلومتر. في هذا العمل، نقدم طريقتين يتم فيهما استخدام تضخيم رامان الخلفي بالتزامن مع اقتران الطور البصري لتحسين أداء ارتباط بصري يبلغ 1.728 تيرابايت / ثانية عبر ستة عشر قناة مع تباعد قناة قدره 50 جيجا هرتز. من خلال استخدام اقتران الطور البصري المتعدد، فأن أداء أنظمة نقل مضاعف تقسيم الطول الموجي الكثيف (DWDM) مع قنوات 16 × 108 جيجا بت في الثانية 8-QAM يمكن تحسينه بشكل كبير مقارنة بالأنظمة التي تحتوي إما على اقتران طور بصري واحد متوسط المدى أو بدون اقتران طور بصري. استراتيجية استخدام OPCs متعدد فعال عبر مجموعة متنوعة من وصلات الإرسال. تم تحسين العتبة غير الخطية (إشارة الطاقة المثالية) في نظام الإرسال المقترح بمقدار 4 ديسيبل عند استخدام OPCs متعدد، مقارنة بالحالة التي لا تحتوي على OPC، وبنسبة 2 ديسيبل عند استخدام OPC متوسط المدى. تظهر نتائج المحاكاة أنه بالمقارنة مع السيناريو دون استخدام نهج التعويض، تم تحسين عامل جودة الإشارة (Q)، وأداء معدل الخطأ في البت (BER)، والطول الإجمالي لوصلة النقل من خلال استخدام هذه الطريقة البصرية للتعويض غير الخطي.This paper studies the generation of an optical mitigation method for compensation of distortions in long distance fiber optic transmission caused by chromatic dispersion and the nonlinear Kerr effect in multi-channel systems. A hybrid new method known as Optical Phase Conjugation (OPC) based highly nonlinear fiber with Raman amplifier is used as part of the process of improving the performance of communication systems with an 800 km standard single mode fiber link Single Polarization Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SP-QAM) signaling. This work presents two scenarios in which backward Raman amplification is employed in conjunction with OPC to improve the performance of an optical link of 1.728 Tb/s over sixteen channels with a channel spacing of 50 GHz. In this study, through the use of multiple OPC, the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission systems with 16 ×108 Gbps 8-QAM channels can be significantly improved over that of systems with either a mid-span optical phase conjugation or no optical phase conjugation. The strategy of using multiple OPCs is effective over a variety of transmission links. The nonlinear threshold in the proposed transmission system was enhanced by 4 dB when employing multiple OPCs, compared to the case with no OPC, and by 2 dB when using a mid-span OPC. The simulation results show that compared to the scenario without employing the compensation approach, the Q-factor, Bit Error Rate (BER) performance, and total length of the transmission link are all improved by utilizing this optical method of nonlinearity compensation

Religiosity Effects on Employees in SMEs: An Islamic Country Perspective

This study aims to investigate the adaptation of internalization factors and employees’ competitive behavior in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The empirical findings suggest that the integration of religious orientation brings better results along with the other determinants (subjective norm, attitude, behavior control and intention) of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Further, this study indicates the significant direct relationship between religious orientation, attitude, perceived control and intention with employee behavior, except for subjective norms and intention, which shows an insignificant relationship. This empirical findings suggest that owners and managers of SMEs should place some efforts in providing support to increase religious orientation in SMEs, as this would likely to enhance all other factors. This study reports unique empirical findings to support the generalizability of the theory while also adding a new facet to the TPB by using SMEs as a social lab and data from a developing country

Economic Model-Based Calculation of Per Capita Income Level in Nigeria

A survey carried out revealed that socio-economic human development programme (SHDP) is a major item of United Nations development agenda. The objective of the nations` development plan had always aimed to ascertain and improve quality of living (QL) worldwide. Due to inaccuracy of available population and national income data, the existing method of calculating per capita income is inadequate and does not manifest true life situation. This paper is aimed to develop alternative method of calculating per capita income level, based on details of Nigerian workers` pay package. The Nigerian population figures were classified into three economic groups of varying capabilities. The adjustment error affecting accuracy of the calculation was subjected to H-test to facilitate relevance to true life affairs. Keywords: human development elements; pay indices; 25:75 SHDP; QL parameters; formatted figure distribution

A New Approach for Hiding Image Based on the Signature of Coeficients

This paper presents a new approach for hiding the secret image inside another image file, depending on the signature of coefficients. The proposed system consists of two general stages. The first one is the hiding stage which consist of the following steps (Read the cover image and message image, Block collections using the chain code and similarity measure, Apply DCT Transform, Signature of coefficients, Hiding algorithm , Save information of block in boundary, Reconstruct block to stego image and checking process). The second stage is extraction stage which consist of the following steps ( read the stego image, Extract information of block from boundary, Block collection, Apply DCT transform, Extract bits of message and save it to buffer, Extracting message)

EFL College Students’ Perceptions of the Difficulties of Comprehending Academic English Lectures

Students’ perceptions of the difficulties of comprehending academic English lectures affect their academic learning. Therefore, the present study is designed to explore EFL college female undergraduate students’ perceptions of the difficulties of comprehending academic English lectures to bring to light those factors that affect students’ academic performance and suggest solutions to overcome them. Participants were 365 female college students picked randomly from various grade levels enrolled in a four-year pre-service teacher education program at the College of Basic Education in Kuwait. The study adopted a descriptive design employing Likert’s five-point scale assigned under two factors: linguistic difficulties and non-linguistic difficulties. Independent variables include age, nationality, grade level and GPA. Results showed that students’ difficulties were at a medium level. Significant differences were observed for nationality, grade level and GPA. Implications and recommendations for future research were discussed

Awareness of medical students towards cancer

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Amongst the cancers, the three leading cancers in India which causes high mortality and morbidity includes cervical cancer, breast cancer and upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. High mortality and morbidity due to cancers can be reduced by preventive measures and early diagnosis of cancer, which can be achieved by creating awareness.Methods: A total of 337 medical students from 1st year to 4th year (1st year students-preclinical, 2nd year students-paraclinical and 3rd and 4th year students- clinical students) were included in this study and the results were analysed by descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi square test and paired ‘t’ test.Results: Out of 337 students, 120 were males, 204 were females and 13 students have not mentioned their gender. There was significant difference in knowledge of the students between pretest and posttest (following a short lecture) and amongst the preclinical, paraclinical and clinical students. Clinical students were found be more aware about the cancer compared to the preclinical and paraclinical students.Conclusions: Creating awareness to the medical students who are future doctors is the need of the hour. A short talk on cancer awareness can create a great impact on the awareness

The Detection of IVT Over Iraq and Surrounding Region and the links to Precipitation Over Iraq

This study examines the impact of low-level vertically integrated moisture flux (IVT) features on precipitation in Iraq and surrounding areas during the rainy season. The study calculates and analyzes the IVT across the region. It identifies the maximum precipitation linked with IVT from January to December (1981-2020). In addition, it determines the IVT threshold for each month using wind component data (u, v) and specific humidity data. The findings reveal that IVT has a greater impact in dry and semi-arid areas, the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea are the main sources of IVT. The Red Sea has an impact on Iraqs south and south-central region while the Mediterranean Sea has an impact on Iraqs north and north- central region. The study also finds a strong correlation between IVT and precipitation over Iraq during the rainy season with the amount of precipitation largely influenced by the intensity and direction of IVT. The results suggest that IVT transfer from the Mediterranean and Red Seas has a significant impact on the amount of precipitation over Iraq and the neighboring areas

Fabrication and Characterization of ZnSCubic : P3HT, ZnSHexa : P3HT and ZnSHexa : P3HT:PVA-Ag Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

This paper describes the fabrication of P3HT based bulk heterojunction solar cell using ZnS nanoparticles of sphalarite and wurtzite crystal structure and discusses their photovoltaic characteristics. It is found that the device of P3HT : ZnS can give higher Voc and surface modified wurtzite ZnS is able to give higher Voc (~ 1.3 V) as well as higher current density (229.60 A/cm2) and comparable efficiency (0.032 %). Active layer (P3HT : ZnS) showed a broad optical absorption from 320 nm to 650 nm and it is seen that the absorption intensity increased in the blend than the pristine P3HT

Design and fabrication of a heat exchanger for portable solar water distiller system

Heat exchanger H.X.s is the equipment used to transfer the thermal energy between two or more fluids at varying temperatures. The nature of this paper is an experimental study of the optimum design for shell and tube heat exchanger as a condenser with high productivity of drinking water for portable solar water distiller. The elaboration covers the aspects of considerations, design, fabrication, and test of the shell and tube H.X. as a portable condenser for solar water distiller system. The system consists of a portable stainless steel condenser, which is able to be dismantled and assembled without tools. The experimental result establishes that the condenser is able to produce 3.8 liter /hour of distilled water from vapor at 99.7 ̊C of inlet temperature and 4 liter/hour vapor flow rate, with 130 liter /hour as a condenser coolant water flow rate. The heat efficiency of the condenser can be increased by means of minimizing the tube’s thickness and vapor inlet pressure. There is no back pressure effect on the system and the pressure drop in both sides of the condenser is reportedly of very low value and negligible, therefore, no need for a pressure pump is to be eliminated