20,350 research outputs found
Friction material (metal reinforcement) analysis of brake pad for light rail train system
Brake friction material is very important in braking system where they convert kinetic energy of moving vehicles to thermal energy by friction during braking process. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal friction materials composition of brake pad for light rail train system. Currently all the component of the train system including brake pad is imported from overseas such as Germany. Hence, this research is use to find the new formulation of the mixture ratio that may replace or compete with the commercial available brake pad. Three different testing which are density and porosity test, shore hardness test and wear test were done in order to select which metal is the most suitable for railway application. Different composition were used, (Cu30%BaSO430%), (Cu25%BaSO435%), (Cu20%BaSO440%), (Steel30% BaSO430%), (Steel25% BaSO435%), (Steel20% BaSO440%), (Al30% BaSO430%), (Al25% BaSO435%), and (Al20% BaSO440%) this study to determine the optimal properties with lower wear rate. The selected material were mixed and compacted into desired mould with 5 tons of pressure. The compacted samples were sintered using two different temperatures which is 600oC and 800oC. Steel30% BaSO430% results in the optimal composition since the result shows the lowest porosity, highest SD reading of shore hardness and the lowest wear rate. The samples were analysed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) system to determine the morphology surface and overall composition of the samples. Comparing different sintering temperature, the sintered sample of 800oC shows lower wear rate than the sample sintered at 600oC. This is due to dense sample without crack showing by the samples sintered at 800oC than at 600oC
PERENCANAAN LAPIS TAMBAHAN (OVERLAY) PERKERASAN LENTUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BINA MARGA 2017 DAN ANALISA KOMPONEN 1987 PADA RUAS JALAN MENDUT STA 0+000 – TANJUNG JAPUAN STA 2+225 KABUPATEN MAGELANG
Roads are a means of transportation that facilitates all aspects of activities. Roads have a function as a link between regions and support economic activities in a region. The Mendut - Tanjung Japuan road section is a tourism and alternative road section. The length of the Mendut – Tanjung Japuan road is 2.225 km and the width is 6.20 m. For flexible road pavement, it is necessary to analyze it in terms of costs. The method used for flexible road pavement is Bina Marga 2017 and Component Analysis 1987, as well as calculating the Budget Plan (RAB). To calculate pavement planning, data is needed in the form of CBR data, average daily traffic data (LHR), and unit price of work. From the calculation results, it was found that the thickness of the flexible pavement using the Bina Marga method was 5.5 cm and the 1987 Component Analysis method was 7 cm. Meanwhile, the calculation results show that the thickness of the flexible pavement with the surface layer using Laston 590 is 5.5 cm, the top foundation layer uses Class A crushed stone aggregate with a thickness of 20 cm, and the bottom foundation layer uses Class A Sirtu with a thickness of 17 cm and the RAB is Rp. 4.874.000.00
Entanglement of a class of non-Gaussian states in disordered harmonic oscillator systems
For disordered harmonic oscillator systems over the -dimensional lattice,
we consider the problem of finding the bipartite entanglement of the uniform
ensemble of the energy eigenstates associated with a particular number of
modes. Such ensemble define a class of mixed, non-Gaussian entangled states
that are labeled, by the energy of the system, in an increasing order. We
develop a novel approach to find the exact logarithmic negativity of this class
of states. We also prove entanglement bounds and demonstrate that the low
energy states follow an area law.Comment: 21 pages, to appear at JM
Simulation of dynamic load effect on power system frequency
This thesis addresses the impact of dynamic load on power system frequency. Rapid
dynamic load variations will bring significant impact to the power system in terms of
frequency. The thesis is based on three-phase dynamic load (composite based). The
objective of this thesis was to analyse the dynamic characteristics of loads and its
impact on power system frequency. For this, IEEE 9 bus system was tested with
dynamic loads by observing change in power system frequenc
Chemical and biological reactions of solidification of peat using ordinary portland cement (OPC) and coal ashes
Construction over peat area have often posed a challenge to geotechnical engineers.
After decades of study on peat stabilisation techniques, there are still no absolute
formulation or guideline that have been established to handle this issue. Some
researchers have proposed solidification of peat but a few researchers have also
discovered that solidified peat seemed to decrease its strength after a certain period of
time. Therefore, understanding the chemical and biological reaction behind the peat
solidification is vital to understand the limitation of this treatment technique. In this
study, all three types of peat; fabric, hemic and sapric were mixed using Mixing 1 and
Mixing 2 formulation which consisted of ordinary Portland cement, fly ash and bottom
ash at various ratio. The mixtures of peat-binder-filler were subjected to the
unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, bacterial count test and chemical
elemental analysis by using XRF, XRD, FTIR and EDS. Two pattern of strength over
curing period were observed. Mixing 1 samples showed a steadily increase in strength
over curing period until Day 56 while Mixing 2 showed a decrease in strength pattern
at Day 28 and Day 56. Samples which increase in strength steadily have less bacterial
count and enzymatic activity with increase quantity of crystallites. Samples with lower
strength recorded increase in bacterial count and enzymatic activity with less
crystallites. Analysis using XRD showed that pargasite
(NaCa2[Mg4Al](Si6Al2)O22(OH)2) was formed in the higher strength samples while in
the lower strength samples, pargasite was predicted to be converted into monosodium
phosphate and Mg(OH)2 as bacterial consortium was re-activated. The Michaelis�Menten coefficient, Km of the bio-chemical reaction in solidified peat was calculated
as 303.60. This showed that reaction which happened during solidification work was
inefficient. The kinetics for crystallite formation with enzymatic effect is modelled as
135.42 (1/[S] + 0.44605) which means, when pargasite formed is lower, the amount
of enzyme secretes is higher
Liquid mixture control system using PLC
The principle of the Liquids Mixture Control System By using PLC is to mix two
or more types of liquids with different PH values, in order to acquire new PH
value with correct composition, which to maintain product quality .These
processes exist in beverage, drinkingwater, food, pharmaceuticals, chemistry,
refinery indutries, also important for fish hatcheries, water conditioning and
aquaculture, etc, moreover correct composition of PH value in our diet is
important for our health,therefore for this project, volumetric of one type of
liquid,can be determined its quantity of volume before entering into the Mixture
tank and then, another liquid is entered automatically into this Mixture Tank,after
that the mixing process will be done,which this system determined PH value
automatically that macthing the PH value requirement as a complete
product.Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) with analogue input signal is used
to control this Liquids Mixture Control system.This system consist of six tanks,
with one mixturer motor and also five pumps are used to control the system via
PLC. PH sensor is used to detect PH value of the mixture, which this signal is fed
to analogue input PLC teminal, that to be used for comparing PH value required
as a product. The user can select volume one type of liquid to be entered into
Mixture Tank, by pressing select buttons on the control panel board.This project
can be used for manufacturing industries base on liquids and also for fish
hatcheries, water conditioning and aquaculture ,which have been proved by
project analyzing and testing results
The Esthetic of Ornamental Design of Traditional Mask form Malang
The ornament on Malang traditional mask is extremely varied and so function and forms. This is caused by art mask not quit of existence form influence of external culture. Appearance variety of one culture with the other culture be interaction and charge each other, so ornamentation on mask growing up to now. The intercultural of interaction the other canton to be generate new entity of culture acculturation, so that happened on Malang traditional mask till show the uniqueness of individuality of form as well as ornament design from each spread region mask on Malang. This research produce of representation about ornament motif aesthetics aspect which exactly on ornamentation design and the significant diverification toward form, colour in ornament motif than each craftsmans. Know result of the research afterwards necessary existence of furthermore research about ornament design evolution on Malangan Mask, with the result that Malangan mask existence that expanding until now on ornament motif can be native everlasting
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