PERENCANAAN LAPIS TAMBAHAN (OVERLAY) PERKERASAN LENTUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BINA MARGA 2017 DAN ANALISA KOMPONEN 1987 PADA RUAS JALAN MENDUT STA 0+000 – TANJUNG JAPUAN STA 2+225 KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Roads are a means of transportation that facilitates all aspects of activities. Roads have a function as a link between regions and support economic activities in a region. The Mendut - Tanjung Japuan road section is a tourism and alternative road section. The length of the Mendut – Tanjung Japuan road is 2.225 km and the width is 6.20 m. For flexible road pavement, it is necessary to analyze it in terms of costs. The method used for flexible road pavement is Bina Marga 2017 and Component Analysis 1987, as well as calculating the Budget Plan (RAB). To calculate pavement planning, data is needed in the form of CBR data, average daily traffic data (LHR), and unit price of work. From the calculation results, it was found that the thickness of the flexible pavement using the Bina Marga method was 5.5 cm and the 1987 Component Analysis method was 7 cm. Meanwhile, the calculation results show that the thickness of the flexible pavement with the surface layer using Laston 590 is 5.5 cm, the top foundation layer uses Class A crushed stone aggregate with a thickness of 20 cm, and the bottom foundation layer uses Class A Sirtu with a thickness of 17 cm and the RAB is Rp. 4.874.000.00

Chemical and biological reactions of solidification of peat using ordinary portland cement (OPC) and coal ashes

Construction over peat area have often posed a challenge to geotechnical engineers. After decades of study on peat stabilisation techniques, there are still no absolute formulation or guideline that have been established to handle this issue. Some researchers have proposed solidification of peat but a few researchers have also discovered that solidified peat seemed to decrease its strength after a certain period of time. Therefore, understanding the chemical and biological reaction behind the peat solidification is vital to understand the limitation of this treatment technique. In this study, all three types of peat; fabric, hemic and sapric were mixed using Mixing 1 and Mixing 2 formulation which consisted of ordinary Portland cement, fly ash and bottom ash at various ratio. The mixtures of peat-binder-filler were subjected to the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, bacterial count test and chemical elemental analysis by using XRF, XRD, FTIR and EDS. Two pattern of strength over curing period were observed. Mixing 1 samples showed a steadily increase in strength over curing period until Day 56 while Mixing 2 showed a decrease in strength pattern at Day 28 and Day 56. Samples which increase in strength steadily have less bacterial count and enzymatic activity with increase quantity of crystallites. Samples with lower strength recorded increase in bacterial count and enzymatic activity with less crystallites. Analysis using XRD showed that pargasite (NaCa2[Mg4Al](Si6Al2)O22(OH)2) was formed in the higher strength samples while in the lower strength samples, pargasite was predicted to be converted into monosodium phosphate and Mg(OH)2 as bacterial consortium was re-activated. The Michaelis�Menten coefficient, Km of the bio-chemical reaction in solidified peat was calculated as 303.60. This showed that reaction which happened during solidification work was inefficient. The kinetics for crystallite formation with enzymatic effect is modelled as 135.42 (1/[S] + 0.44605) which means, when pargasite formed is lower, the amount of enzyme secretes is higher

Friction material (metal reinforcement) analysis of brake pad for light rail train system

Brake friction material is very important in braking system where they convert kinetic energy of moving vehicles to thermal energy by friction during braking process. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal friction materials composition of brake pad for light rail train system. Currently all the component of the train system including brake pad is imported from overseas such as Germany. Hence, this research is use to find the new formulation of the mixture ratio that may replace or compete with the commercial available brake pad. Three different testing which are density and porosity test, shore hardness test and wear test were done in order to select which metal is the most suitable for railway application. Different composition were used, (Cu30%BaSO430%), (Cu25%BaSO435%), (Cu20%BaSO440%), (Steel30% BaSO430%), (Steel25% BaSO435%), (Steel20% BaSO440%), (Al30% BaSO430%), (Al25% BaSO435%), and (Al20% BaSO440%) this study to determine the optimal properties with lower wear rate. The selected material were mixed and compacted into desired mould with 5 tons of pressure. The compacted samples were sintered using two different temperatures which is 600oC and 800oC. Steel30% BaSO430% results in the optimal composition since the result shows the lowest porosity, highest SD reading of shore hardness and the lowest wear rate. The samples were analysed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with an Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) system to determine the morphology surface and overall composition of the samples. Comparing different sintering temperature, the sintered sample of 800oC shows lower wear rate than the sample sintered at 600oC. This is due to dense sample without crack showing by the samples sintered at 800oC than at 600oC

Model kejayaan utama amalan terbaik pengurusan penyenggaraan bangunan warisan di Malaysia

Pendekatan penyenggaraan seringkali dianggap sebagai aktiviti yang remeh sehinggakan dalam praktis semasa, pendekatan ini tidak dapat menarik perhatian kebanyakkan golongan berpengetahuan dan berkemahiran. Senario ini memberikan justifikasi awal mengenai budaya semasa penyenggaraan yang tidak lagi diterapkan secara cekap dan berkesan. Sehubungan dengan itu matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka perspektif semasa amalan pengurusan warisan dalam industri pengekalan dan pemuliharaan bangunan warisan di Malaysia, mengenalpasti faktor yang mempengaruhi amalan semasa dan membentuk faktor kejayaan utama amalan terbaik pengurusan penyenggaraan bangunan warisan di Malaysia. Dalam mencapai matlamat tersebut, satu model penilaian amalan terbaik pengurusan penyenggaraan bangunan warisan telah dibangunkan menggunakan kaedah Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) berpandukan kepada elemen kriteria amalan terbaik. Model penilaian ini telah diuji di enam buah organisasi pengurusan penyenggaraan bangunan warisan. Hasil penemuan mendapati bahawa indikasi amalan semasa pengurusan penyenggaraan bangunan warisan di Malaysia telah dikategorikan sebagai lemah (59.05%). Kajian seterusnya adalah untuk mengenalpasti masalah yang menyumbang kepada kelemahan amalan semasa di mana maklumbalas dari 63 responden yang terdiri daripada ahli akademik dan profesional industri mendapati bahawa masalah kewangan, kekurangan institusi serta kemudahan latihan, masalah alat ganti dan sikap manusia sebagai faktor yang amat signifikan. Sebagai refleks kepada masalah yang telah dikenalpasti, model kejayaan utama amalan terbaik pengurusan penyenggaraan bangunan warisan telah direkabentuk bagi proses menambahbaik praktis amalan semasa. Kesimpulannya, model kejayaan utama yang dibentuk berpotensi membantu ke arah mengubah amalan semasa yang lemah kepada amalan yang lebih baik dan berkesan di masa hadapa

The role of control system in increasing corporate social performance: The use of levers of control

One important instrument to be used in the control system design is strategic behaviors that can lead to the expected organization performance.Referring to the extended definition of strategic behavior using stakeholder-based strategic behavior, corporate social performance is kind of strategic behavior to be influenced by using control system. This paper discusses how control system, using Simons’ levers of control can play important role in increasing the corporate social performance. The interaction between control system, including belief system, boundary system, diagnostic control system, and interactive control system, as well as the corporate financial performance (CFP) can affect the corporate social performance (CSP) due to fact that increase in CFP resulting from the appropriate use of control system components enables the company has more chance to do the CSP. The levers of control are deemed to form an integral part of employee socialization and support the development of an organization’s culture, the system of shared beliefs, values, norms, and mores of organizational members which are deemed to be a primary determinant of the direction of employee behavior

Comparison of performance and emission characteristics between ceramic and metallic catalytic converter

Catalytic converters have been widely used on vehicles and have already been proved for many years to be the most effective technical solution to reduce exhaust emissions from gasoline engines where ceramic and metallic catalytic converters are the most common types of catalytic converter used. This study focuses to examine the performance of ceramic and metallic catalytic converters through simulation and experimental in terms of flow distribution and pollutant gases conversion. ANSYS Fluent 16.2 has been used for the simulation process and Mitsubishi 4G93 1800cc gasoline engine with difference speed and 25% constant load were used for the emission measurement using Kane Auto 5-1 series exhaust gas analyser. Simulation process has been conducted to measure pressure, velocity and temperature distribution through the ceramic and metallic catalytic converter and for the experimental process, the performances and pollutant gases conversion were recorded to compare both type of catalytic converters. Based on the simulation results, ceramic honeycomb catalytic converter shows higher pressure distribution 181.1 Pa on the inlet region compares to metallic sinusoidal. On the other hands, metallic sinusoidal catalytic converter has better velocity distribution of 14.3 ms- 1and temperature distribution of 1100 Kat the inlet region. Through the experimental results, metallic sinusoidal catalytic converter performs a better reduction of CO compares to ceramic honeycomb catalytic convetier while ceramic honeycomb performs better reduction than metallic sinusoidal catalytic converter for HC and NOx conversion. It can be concluded that metallic corrugated catalytic converter has performs better flow distribution through the substrates while ceramic converters reduce a higher percentage of CO and NOx pollutant gases

Fast and numerically stable circle fit

We develop a new algorithm for fitting circles that does not have drawbacks commonly found in existing circle fits. Our fit achieves ultimate accuracy (to machine precision), avoids divergence, and is numerically stable even when fitting circles get arbitrary large. Lastly, our algorithm takes less than 10 iterations to converge, on average.Comment: 16 page

A uniform area law for the entanglement of eigenstates in the disordered XY chain

We consider the isotropic or anisotropic XY spin chain in the presence of a transversal random magnetic field, with parameters given by random variables. It is shown that eigenfunction correlator localization of the corresponding effective one-particle Hamiltonian implies a uniform area law bound in expectation for the bipartite entanglement entropy of all eigenstates of the XY chain, i.e. a form of many-body localization at all energies. Here entanglement with respect to arbitrary connected subchains of the chain can be considered. Applications where the required eigenfunction correlator bounds are known include the isotropic XY chain in random field as well as the anisotropic chain in strong or strongly disordered random field.Comment: 28 pages, v2: changes in introduction after feedback received, some references added, v3: some improvements and updates, main results unchange