Factors Affecting Mother’s Adherence towards Cerebral Palsy Home Exercise Program among Children at Hebron and Bethlehem, Palestine

The incidence of cerebral palsy is significantly growing in children, especially among specific spasticity C.P children at south west bank (Hebron and Bethlehem) areas in Palestine. This serious health concern disrupts the active daily living (ADL) among C.P children and affects the lives of their families, both socially as well as economically. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with mother’s adherence towards cerebral palsy home exercise program among children at Hebron and Bethlehem city. We did a clinical trial among the cerebral palsy children at Al- Caritas hospital and Al- Ihsan rehabilitation centre. The study participants were children with cerebral palsy (mild to moderate spasticity) followed up at Al-Ihsan rehabilitation centre in Hebron city and Al-Caritas hospital in Bethlehem city. The calculated sample size was48 participants. Data were collected at two different time periods, one at baseline right before implementing the rehabilitation program and another at six-month’ time interval after the intervention was carried out. Our results indicated that there was no significant association between mother’s age and adherence towards home exercise program (p=0.946). Furthermore, there were no significant differences among mothers’ adherence to rehabilitation program in relation to socioeconomic status (p= 0.415), work (p= 0.704) and their level of education (p= 0.265). This study deduced that all mothers with C.P children were strongly committed towards the implementation f home exercise program regardless of their age, work, education level and financial background

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Study of some epidemiological models : a case study of the hepatitis B's virus transmission in sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal)

L'objectif de cette étude est la modélisation, la validation, l'analyse mathématique et la simulation de modèles de transmission de l'hépatite B en Afrique en général et au Sénégal en particulier. Nous proposons de nouveaux modèles bases sur les connaissances actuelles de l'histoire naturelle de la transmission du virus de l'hépatite B. Ainsi, nous présentons deux modèles de la transmission du VHB1, un modèle sans transmission verticale et un autre ou la transmission verticale de la maladie est prise en compte. Ce second modèle est justifié par la controverse, en ce qui concerne l'incidence des transmissions verticale ou périnatale au niveau de la zone Afrique ; entre d'une part, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé et d'autre part les spécialistes de l'hépatite B au Sénégal. Ces modèles, nous ont conduit à étudier des modèles épidémiologiques avec une diérentiabilitée, au niveau des susceptibles, et progression de stade pour les infectieux. Nous obtenons une analyse complète de la stabilité de ces modèles à l'aide des techniques de Lyapunov suivant la valeur du taux de reproduction de base R0. Ce qui nous conduit à l'étude d'un modèle épidémiologique beaucoup plus général qui englobe ceux proposés pour la modélisation de la transmission du virus de l'hépatite B. Nous illustrons à la fin de ce travail ces modèles par des simulations numériques. Ces dernières sont faites à partir de nos modèles confrontés aux données recueillies du programme de lutte contre l'épidémie de l'hépatite B au Sénégal et dans la littérature. Elles permettrons l'effet de la transmission verticale/périnatale du virus de l'hépatite B sur les politiques de Santé PubliqueWe propose new models based on the state of art and the epidemiology currently known from the transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Thus, we present two models of the transmission of Hepatitis Bvirus, a model without vertical transmission and another in which the vertical transmission of the disease is taken into account, This second model is justified by the controversy, with regard to the incidence of the vertical and perinatal transmission of the virus in some parts of Africa ; between the World Health Organization on one hand and hepatitis B's specialists in Senegal on the other hand. These models helped us to analyse epidemiological models with a differential susceptibility of the population, and stagged progression of infectious. We present a thorough analysis of the stability of the models using the Lyapunov techniques and obtain the basic reproduction ratio, R0 which allows into the study of general epidemiological models including those proposed for the transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Numerical simulations are done to illustrate the behaviour of the model, using data collected during the campaign against epidemic hepatitis B in Senegal and from published literature. These models enable the evaluation of the incidence of the vertical and perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus on the policies of Public Healt

Study of some epidemiological models : a case study of the hepatitis B's virus transmission in sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal)

L'objectif de cette étude est la modélisation, la validation, l'analyse mathématique et la simulation de modèles de transmission de l'hépatite B en Afrique en général et au Sénégal en particulier. Nous proposons de nouveaux modèles bases sur les connaissances actuelles de l'histoire naturelle de la transmission du virus de l'hépatite B. Ainsi, nous présentons deux modèles de la transmission du VHB1, un modèle sans transmission verticale et un autre ou la transmission verticale de la maladie est prise en compte. Ce second modèle est justifié par la controverse, en ce qui concerne l'incidence des transmissions verticale ou périnatale au niveau de la zone Afrique ; entre d'une part, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé et d'autre part les spécialistes de l'hépatite B au Sénégal. Ces modèles, nous ont conduit à étudier des modèles épidémiologiques avec une diérentiabilitée, au niveau des susceptibles, et progression de stade pour les infectieux. Nous obtenons une analyse complète de la stabilité de ces modèles à l'aide des techniques de Lyapunov suivant la valeur du taux de reproduction de base R0. Ce qui nous conduit à l'étude d'un modèle épidémiologique beaucoup plus général qui englobe ceux proposés pour la modélisation de la transmission du virus de l'hépatite B. Nous illustrons à la fin de ce travail ces modèles par des simulations numériques. Ces dernières sont faites à partir de nos modèles confrontés aux données recueillies du programme de lutte contre l'épidémie de l'hépatite B au Sénégal et dans la littérature. Elles permettrons l'effet de la transmission verticale/périnatale du virus de l'hépatite B sur les politiques de Santé PubliqueWe propose new models based on the state of art and the epidemiology currently known from the transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Thus, we present two models of the transmission of Hepatitis Bvirus, a model without vertical transmission and another in which the vertical transmission of the disease is taken into account, This second model is justified by the controversy, with regard to the incidence of the vertical and perinatal transmission of the virus in some parts of Africa ; between the World Health Organization on one hand and hepatitis B's specialists in Senegal on the other hand. These models helped us to analyse epidemiological models with a differential susceptibility of the population, and stagged progression of infectious. We present a thorough analysis of the stability of the models using the Lyapunov techniques and obtain the basic reproduction ratio, R0 which allows into the study of general epidemiological models including those proposed for the transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Numerical simulations are done to illustrate the behaviour of the model, using data collected during the campaign against epidemic hepatitis B in Senegal and from published literature. These models enable the evaluation of the incidence of the vertical and perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus on the policies of Public Healt

Development of a mathematical model for tsetse population dynamic to optimize the control in the Niayes (Senegal)

The Niayes area in Senegal is infested by a tsetse population, which is presently targeted by a national eradication effort. The area infested is about 1000km2 but tse-tse fly distribution changes rapidly due to environmental changes, climatic condition, humidity, temperature and vegetal cover etc.. The availability of tsetse fly presence/absence data in Senegal is limited to the database survey conducted during the feasibility study (2008/2009), that's why we decided to use a matrix model based on the tse-tse life cycle to predict the actual fly distribution in the Niayes area during the control program. The model describes biological process and the effects of the daily contribution of the temperature on the development of the pupae, the teneral and the adult flies. The model will be fitted to field demographic data to estimate parameters. The sensivity analysis and uncertainty analysis of the model will allow to predict the ecological niche of tsetse in the area and thus their temporal distribution according to climatic variations. We'll use MODIS data and field data as an input in our model to characterize the habitats suitable for tse-tse population establishment

A compartimental model of hbv with vertical transmission

International audienc

Etudes de quelques modèles épidémiologiques (application à la transmission du virus de l'hépatite B en Afrique subsaharienne (cas du Sénégal))

L'objectif de cette étude est la modélisation, la validation, l'analyse mathématique et la simulation de modèles de transmission de l'hépatite B en Afrique en général et au Sénégal en particulier. Nous proposons de nouveaux modèles bases sur les connaissances actuelles de l'histoire naturelle de la transmission du virus de l'hépatite B. Ainsi, nous présentons deux modèles de la transmission du VHB1, un modèle sans transmission verticale et un autre ou la transmission verticale de la maladie est prise en compte. Ce second modèle est justifié par la controverse, en ce qui concerne l'incidence des transmissions verticale ou périnatale au niveau de la zone Afrique ; entre d'une part, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé et d'autre part les spécialistes de l'hépatite B au Sénégal. Ces modèles, nous ont conduit à étudier des modèles épidémiologiques avec une diérentiabilitée, au niveau des susceptibles, et progression de stade pour les infectieux. Nous obtenons une analyse complète de la stabilité de ces modèles à l'aide des techniques de Lyapunov suivant la valeur du taux de reproduction de base R0. Ce qui nous conduit à l'étude d'un modèle épidémiologique beaucoup plus général qui englobe ceux proposés pour la modélisation de la transmission du virus de l'hépatite B. Nous illustrons à la fin de ce travail ces modèles par des simulations numériques. Ces dernières sont faites à partir de nos modèles confrontés aux données recueillies du programme de lutte contre l'épidémie de l'hépatite B au Sénégal et dans la littérature. Elles permettrons l'effet de la transmission verticale/périnatale du virus de l'hépatite B sur les politiques de Santé PubliqueWe propose new models based on the state of art and the epidemiology currently known from the transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Thus, we present two models of the transmission of Hepatitis Bvirus, a model without vertical transmission and another in which the vertical transmission of the disease is taken into account, This second model is justified by the controversy, with regard to the incidence of the vertical and perinatal transmission of the virus in some parts of Africa ; between the World Health Organization on one hand and hepatitis B's specialists in Senegal on the other hand. These models helped us to analyse epidemiological models with a differential susceptibility of the population, and stagged progression of infectious. We present a thorough analysis of the stability of the models using the Lyapunov techniques and obtain the basic reproduction ratio, R0 which allows into the study of general epidemiological models including those proposed for the transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Numerical simulations are done to illustrate the behaviour of the model, using data collected during the campaign against epidemic hepatitis B in Senegal and from published literature. These models enable the evaluation of the incidence of the vertical and perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus on the policies of Public HealthMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocSudocFranceF

A SIR model with differential mortality and constant population

International audienc

A cross sectional study on the cross contamination through white coats

White coats are known to be potential transmitting agents of microorganisms including multi-drugs resistant organisms. Most studies that advocate this viewpoint analyzed cross sectional based on results taken from the white coats in the hospitals. Far less is known about the acknowledgement of the community regarding this issue and the effect on their thoughts of handling it. This study is conducted mainly to find out the public’s awareness on the cross contamination through  white coats. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the sociodemographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, education levels etc.) with the awareness status regarding cross contamination of the white coats among public respondents. Other than that, this study helps in determining the best way to reduce cross contamination through white coats. This information may be useful to Public Health Malaysia