765 research outputs found
Spectral relationships of the integral equation with logarithmic kernel in some different domains
In this work, the Fredholm integral equation (FIE) with logarithmic kernel is investigated from the contact problem in the plane theory of elasticity. Then, using potential theory method (PTM), the spectral relationships (SRs) of this integral equation are obtained in some different domains of the contact. Many special cases and new SRs are established and discussed from this work
Feed the Future Mali Livestock Technology Scaling Program (FtF-MLTSP) - Participatory assessment of animal health service delivery systems in Mali: Constraints and opportunities
United States Agency for International Developmen
Feed the Future Mali: Scaling up technological and institutional livestock innovations
United States Agency for International Developmen
Perceptions de la variabilitĂ© climati que et stratĂ©gies dâadaptation dans le systĂšme oasien de GourĂ© (Sud-est Niger)
Les savoirs liĂ©s au temps et Ă lâespace, et lâidentification des stratĂ©gies paysannes pour affronter les problĂšmes climatiques sont indispensables pour toute comprĂ©hension des questions climatiques. Pour mieux apprĂ©cier les perceptions de la variabilitĂ© climatique et les stratĂ©gies dâadaptation utilisĂ©es, une enquĂȘte semi structurĂ© qui a concernĂ© 60 personnes repartie dans 4 villages du dĂ©partement de GourĂ©, situĂ© dans lâEst du Niger est conduite selon une approche qualitative et quantitative. Les effets de la variabilitĂ© climatique ressentis par les agriculteurs sont lâariditĂ© du climat, lâaugmentation de la tempĂ©rature et le caractĂšre alĂ©atoire des pluies. Les Ă©leveurs la perçoivent de façon indirecte Ă travers la rĂ©duction du fourrage et de la disponibilitĂ© dâeau. Ces effets ont poussĂ© ces populations Ă adopter des stratĂ©gies dâadaptation comme la recherche de nouvelles variĂ©tĂ©s Ă cycle court et supportant les poches de sĂ©cheresse, la pratique des techniques de fixation des dunes pour la restauration du couvert herbacĂ©, lâutilisation de la fumure organique, la modification des dates de semis, le stockage de fourrage, le dĂ©stockage des animaux pendant la soudure, les priĂšres collectives de demande de pluies. Elles sont toutefois insuffisantes du fait de la persistance des effets nĂ©gatifs de la variabilitĂ© climatiques au Niger.Mots clĂ©s: VariabilitĂ© climatique, perception, stratĂ©gies dâadaptation, GourĂ©, NigerEnglish Title: Farmers perception and adaptation strategies to climate change in the oasis system of Goure (Southeast Niger)English AbstractKnowledge related to the perception of time and space, and identification of farmersâ strategies for dealing with climate change is a perequisite for a good understanding of climate issues. Farmersâ climate variability perceptions and adaptation strategies was studied using a survey conducted with sixty (60) farmers in the department of GourĂ©, located in eastern Niger. Results showed that farmers directly experience changes in climate variability through temperature increase, frequent drought and erratic rainfall. By contrast, herders sense the effects of climate change indirectly through fodder reduction and scarce water availability. These effects have prompted farmers to adopt coping strategies such as the use of improved varieties, early and drought tolerant, sand dune stabilization and land reclamation, use of organic manure, changing of planting dates, storage of fodder, the destocking of animals during drought periods, collective prayers for rain. These strategies, however, appear to be insufficient for addressing the negative effects of climate change in this part of Niger.Keywords: climate variability, perception, strategies of adaptation, Goure, Nige
Participatory diagnostics of animal health service delivery systems in Mali
United States Agency for International Developmen
Morphological assessment of Niger Kuri cattle using multivariate methods
A total of 406 adult cows and 34 bulls belonging to the Niger Kuri cattle population were assessed for 16 body measurements and 11 qualitative traits to contribute to the characterization of this unique cattle breed. Body measurements included facial, horn, ear and rump lengths; facial, cranial, shoulder, pelvic and ischium widths; height at withers and at hips; muzzle circumference; heart girth; body and tail lengths; and thorax depth. Qualitative traits included cephalic profile, ear shape, muzzle pigmentation, eyelid pigmentation, hoof pigmentation, horn colour, dewlap size, backline profile, horn shape, spotting pattern, and coat colour pattern. Data were analysed jointly with 377 individuals from four other West African taurine cattle breeds (NâDama, Lagunaire, Lobi and Somba) using multivariate statistical methods, including canonical and correspondence analyses. Among the breeds analysed, Kuri cattle had the highest mean values for all body measurements: height at withers and body length had mean values of 124.0 ± 0.4 and 146.8 ± 1.0 cm in Kuri cows, respectively, and 126.0 ± 2.2 and 155.7 ± 3.6 cm, respectively, in Kuri bulls. Canonical analysis allowed the construction of contour plots to illustrate the high differentiation between Kuri cattle and the other breeds, regardless of the sex of the individuals. Further, the Mahalanobis distance matrices showed that pairs involving Kuri cattle had the higher differentiation of these populations. Correspondence analysis carried out on these 11 qualitative traits allowed the researchers to ascertain a clear differentiation between the Kuri and the other taurine cattle breeds. The NâDama, Lagunaire, Lobi, and Somba breeds did not show clear differentiation at qualitative-type trait level with 75% confidence regions computed for these four breeds being highly intermingled. In the current data, Kuri cattle had the highest frequency in qualitative features, such as concave cephalic profile, dropped ears, non-pigmented muzzle and grey-coloured horns, which are absent in West African taurine and zebu cattle breeds, according to the literature. The current evidence would suggest that unique Kuri cattle type features may result from breeding decisions rather than from zebu admixture. This work confirms that at type trait level Kuri cattle is a unique population within the West African taurine cattle group. The implementation of genetic analyses aiming at ascertaining the degree of uniqueness of the breed is advised.Keywords: Body measurements, Bos taurus, multivariate analyses, qualitative traits, West African cattl
Fredholm-Volterra integral equation of the first kind with potential kernel
A series method is used to separate the variables of position and time for the Fredholm-Volterra integral equation of the first kind and the solution of the system in L_2 [0,1] Ă C[0,T], 0 †t †T < â is obtained, the Fredholm integral equation is discussed using Krein's method. The kernel is written in a Legendre polynomial form. Some important relations are also, established and discussed
Phenotypic cha- racterization of pig genetic resources in the departments of Oueme and Plateau in Benin
LâĂ©levage porcin est trĂšs pratiquĂ© au Sud-BĂ©nin et implique une diversitĂ© de races ou de populations. Lâobjectif de lâĂ©tude Ă©tait de caractĂ©riser les diffĂ©rents porcs sur le plan morphomĂ©trique et phĂ©notypique. Ainsi, les donnĂ©es phĂ©no- typiques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es sur 149 porcs, dont 14 amĂ©liorĂ©s, 91 croisĂ©s et 44 locaux. Les porcs de type gĂ©nĂ©tique local ont prĂ©sentĂ© des mesures morpho- logiques significativement infĂ©rieures (p < 0,05) Ă celles des porcs amĂ©liorĂ©s et des animaux issus des croisements entre les porcs amĂ©liorĂ©s et les porcs locaux. Les poils des porcs locaux Ă©taient significativement plus courts (p < 0,05) que ceux des porcs amĂ©liorĂ©s et des croisĂ©s. La couleur de la robe a variĂ© dâun type gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă lâautre. La couleur la plus rencontrĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© le blanc uniforme, suivi du noir uniforme chez tous les types gĂ©nĂ©tiques. Le profil de la tĂȘte Ă©tait plus rectiligne chez les porcs locaux, et plus concave chez les porcs amĂ©liorĂ©s et chez les croisĂ©s. Les oreilles dressĂ©es Ă©taient moins observĂ©es chez les croisĂ©s. Elles Ă©taient orientĂ©es vers lâavant chez les porcs amĂ©liorĂ©s et chez les croisĂ©s alors quâelles Ă©taient dressĂ©es et orientĂ©es vers lâarriĂšre chez les porcs locaux. La queue en tire-bouchon a Ă©tĂ© significativement (p < 0,05) plus prĂ©sente chez les porcs amĂ©liorĂ©s que chez les porcs croisĂ©s, et elle a Ă©tĂ© plus prĂ©sente chez ces derniers que chez les porcs locaux. La ligne dorsale droite a Ă©tĂ© davantage observĂ©e chez les porcs locaux et chez les croisĂ©s que chez les porcs amĂ©lio- rĂ©s chez lesquels la ligne Ă©tait plus creuse. Les porcs croisĂ©s ont prĂ©sentĂ© une grande similaritĂ© avec les porcs amĂ©liorĂ©s
Les enjeux de la mise en Ćuvre des activitĂ©s conjointes tuberculose et VIH dans les districts sanitaires de Bamako (Mali).
Introduction : Au Mali, le rapport du programme national de lutte contre la tuberculose (PNLT) rĂ©vĂšle en 2015 que 541/4035 soit 13% des cas de tuberculose toutes formes dĂ©pistĂ©es sont infectĂ©es par le VIH. Le but de cette Ă©tude est de dĂ©crire le suivi biologique des patients co-infectĂ©s par le VIH et la tuberculose dans les communes de Bamako en pĂ©riode de crise et dâĂ©valuer le niveau actuel de rĂ©alisation des activitĂ©s conjointes TB/VIH recommandĂ©es au Mali.
MĂ©thodologie : Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©tro-prospective dâĂ©valuation du niveau de rĂ©alisation des activitĂ©s conjointes TB/VIH recommandĂ©es au Mali. La phase rĂ©trospective a eu lieu de janvier 2012 Ă juin 2013 et celle prospective de Janvier Ă mars 2015 dans les communes de Bamako.
RĂ©sultats : LâĂ©tude rĂ©trospective a montrĂ© que la tuberculose est survenue chez 124 patients sur 4026 dĂ©pistĂ©s positifs au VIH soit un taux dâinfection Ă tuberculose parmi les patients VIH+ de 2,95% de janvier 2012 Ă juin 2013. Le suivi biologique a Ă©tĂ© plus rĂ©alisĂ© pour la tuberculose que le VIH chez les patients co-infectĂ© avec un taux trĂšs faible de rĂ©alisation de la charge virale.
LâĂ©tude prospective montre que le niveau de rĂ©alisation demeure faible pour la plupart des activitĂ©s conjointes. Mais au plan pratique, seuls 2/10 agents enquĂȘtĂ©s faisaient la prise en charge des deux pathologies selon les protocoles en vigueur en se basant sur les directives des chargĂ©s correspondant.
Conclusion : Les mĂ©canismes de collaboration des services intĂ©grĂ©s de TB/VIH nĂ©cessitent dâĂȘtre renforcĂ©s pour une meilleure rĂ©alisation des points inscrits dans le cadre stratĂ©gique des activitĂ©s conjointes TB/VIH recommandĂ©es au Mali
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