Antibactertial Activity of the Essential Oils from Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden.

Introduction: Plants of the family Apiaceae are widely used in Iranian’s folk medicine, but no medicinal use of Semenovia tragioides, which is a rare plant, has been reported. Methods and Results: The essential oil from aerial parts of Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden. (Umbelliferae) consisting mainly p-cymene (18.5 %) Z- b- ocimene (7.7%), cinnamyl isovalerate (7.4%), and g–terpinene (5.5%) was screened for antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains. Conclusion: The essential oil remarkably inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria (two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative). The maximum activity was against Staphylococcus aureus

Phytochemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Two Techniques Using Saturaja rechengri Jamzad Extract: Identifying and Comparing in Vitro Anti-Proliferative Activities

Purpose: A lot of plants are available which can produce nanoparticles used in medicine, life sciences, and the pharmaceutical industry. The present study aims to introduce safe biological and eco-friendly methods for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Saturaja rechengri Jamzad extract, which can replace traditional chemical methods. In addition, the chemical nature and antimicrobial activities were identified and accordingly the anticancer effects of AgNPs was successfully reported on colon cancer cells (HT-29). Methods: Light and ultrasound, as two green chemistry techniques were first used for AgNPs synthesis. Then, morphological and crystalline structure of AgNPs was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. In addition, functional groups were determined by using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum. Further, a maximum adsorption of AgNPs was observed in UV-visible spectrum. In the next stage, antibacterial activity of green synthesized AgNPs was evaluated against two pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, the cytotoxicity of AgNPs on HT-29 at different concentrations and times of AgNPs was determined by MTT assay. Results: The findings indicated that the synthesis of AgNPs by ultrasonic technique leads to smaller particle size and more distribution. Based on the results of MTT test for calculating the IC50%, the anti-proliferative effects of the light and ultrasound AgNPs were observed on HT-29 cell lines depending on the dose and time. Finally, the AgNPs had the most cytotoxicity HT-29 cell lines at 100 μg/ml concentration although the lowest toxicity effect was reported on HEK-293 cell lines at the same conditions. Conclusion: The change in the concentration, physical and chemical properties of AgNPs including the form and size of particles, and their type of covering and fields can influence the induction of cytotoxicity and morphological change in the treated cells. The present research opens a new horizon on the development of new biological and cytotoxicity agents

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in montmorillonite and their antibacterial behavior

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized by the chemical reducing method in the external and interlamellar space of montmorillonite (MMT) as a solid support at room temperature. AgNO3 and NaBH4 were used as a silver precursor and reducing agent, respectively. The most favorable experimental conditions for synthesizing Ag NPs in the MMT are described in terms of the initial concentration of AgNO3. The interlamellar space limits changed little (d-spacing = 1.24–1.47 nm); therefore, Ag NPs formed on the MMT suspension with d-average = 4.19–8.53 nm diameter. The Ag/MMT nanocomposites (NCs), formed from AgNO3/MMT suspension, were characterizations with different instruments, for example UV-visible, PXRD, TEM, SEM, EDXRF, FT-IR, and ICP-OES analyzer. The antibacterial activity of different sizes of Ag NPs in MMT were investigated against Gram-positive, ie, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria, ie, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, by the disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA). The smaller Ag NPs were found to have significantly higher antibacterial activity. These results showed that Ag NPs can be used as effective growth inhibitors in different biological systems, making them applicable to medical applications

Green synthesis of silver/montmorillonite/chitosan bionanocomposites using the UV irradiation method and evaluation of antibacterial activity

In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized using a green physical synthetic route into the lamellar space of montmorillonite (MMT)/chitosan (Cts) utilizing the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation reduction method in the absence of any reducing agent or heat treatment. Cts, MMT, and AgNO3 were used as the natural polymeric stabilizer, solid support, and silver precursor, respectively. The properties of Ag/MMT/Cts bionanocomposites (BNCs) were studied as the function of UV irradiation times. UV irradiation disintegrated the Ag-NPs into smaller sizes until a relatively stable size and size distribution were achieved. Meanwhile, the crystalline structure and d-spacing of the MMT interlayer, average size and size distribution, surface morphology, elemental signal peaks, functional groups, and surface plasmon resonance of Ag/MMT/Cts BNCs were determined by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs in MMT/Cts was investigated against Gram-positive bacteria, ie, Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria (ie, Escherichia coli) by the disk diffusion method on Muller–Hinton Agar at different sizes of Ag-NPs. All of the synthesized Ag/MMT/Cts BNCs were found to have high antibacterial activity. These results show that Ag/MMT/Cts BNCs can be useful in different biologic research and biomedical applications, such as surgical devices and drug delivery vehicles

620-623 Content from Liver and Muscle Tissues of Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepede, 1800) in the Persian Gulf

Abstract Studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids have positive effects on reducing heart diseases several such as myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmia, atherosclerosis thrombosis and hypertension. The omega-3 PUFA EPA and DHA are important throughout life and are a dietary necessity found predominantly in fish and fish-oil supplements. In this research, the liver and muscle tissues of Scomberomorus commerson from the Iranian Port of Bandar Abbas in March 2015 were separately extracted for their lipid content especially omega-3 fatty acids composition using the method of Blight & Dyer. The compounds were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The components detected in the liver and muscle tissues, were Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The result of this study show that the muscle and liver tissues of Scomberomorus commerson are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids EPA (18.12-21.63%) and DHA (17.37-19.12-%). Keywords: lipid content, liver, muscle, Scomberomorus commerson, Persian Gulf Cite This Article: Keivandokht Samiee, and Abdolhossein Rustaiyan, "Omega-3 Fatty Acids Composition and Lipi

Investigation of <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic, mutagenic and anti-mutagenic effects of shirazolide extracted from <i>Jurinea leptoloba</i>

<p>Shirazolide is an elemanolide isolated from <i>Jurinea leptoloba</i> DC. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic, mutagenic and anti-mutagenic properties of shirazolide from <i>J. leptoloba</i> DC <i>in vitro</i>. Cytotoxicity was measured using a modified MTT (3-(4,5-di methyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di phenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on normal human lymphocytes and tumor HeLa cells, showing that the cytotoxicity of shirazolide is much higher for HeLa cells than for normal lymphocytes. Mutagenic and anti-mutagenic activities of shirazolide were evaluated using the <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> tester strains TA98 and TA100 showing anti-mutagenic properties against the former strain under metabolic activation.</p

Investigation of Chemical Composition of Helichrysum artemisioides Essential Oil, and its Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects on Colon Cancer Cell Line and Analysis of Apoptotic Gene Expression Using PCR Method

Background and Objectives: Helichrysum artemisioides is one of the endemic medicinal plants in Iran. The aim of this research was to identify the chemical composition of H. artemisioides essential oil and its antibacterial and cytotoxic effects on colon cancer cell line (HT29). &nbsp; Methods: In this study, the essential oil of H. artemisioides was collected by hydrodistillation method using Clevenger apparatus. Chemical composition of essential oil was identified using a GC-MS device. Subsequently, antibacterial effect of the essential oil on pathogenic bacteria and its cytotoxic activity on colon cancer cell line (HT29), were determined using MIC and MTT methods, respectively. The expression of Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic genes in HT29 cell line, was assessed using real time PCR method. &nbsp; Results: GC-MS analysis of essential oil of the plant showed 55 compounds, most of which belonged to Carvacrol (12.5%) and 1R-&alpha;-Pinene (12.5%). Furthermore, the essential oil of this plant had the highest effect on Gram-positive bacteria and the least effect on gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the essential oil of this plant had IC50=31.54mg/ml on HT29 cell line. Results of real time PCR showed increase in expression level of Bax gene and decrease in expression level of Bcl2, respectively, 2.9 &plusmn; 0.2 (p<0.05) and 0.2&plusmn;0.7 (p<0.05). &nbsp; Conclusion: Considering antibacterial and anticancer effects of H. artemisioides essential oil, it appears that this plant has the potential to be used in pharmaceutical industries. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp