Introduction:
Plants of the family Apiaceae are widely used in Iranian’s folk medicine, but no medicinal use of Semenovia tragioides, which is a rare plant, has been reported. Methods and Results: 
The essential oil from aerial parts of Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden. (Umbelliferae) consisting mainly p-cymene (18.5 %) Z- b- ocimene (7.7%), cinnamyl isovalerate (7.4%), and g–terpinene (5.5%) was screened for antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains.
Conclusion:
The essential oil remarkably inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria (two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative). The maximum activity was against Staphylococcus aureus

Azadi, Boshra

Mojab, Faraz

Rustaiyan, Abdolhossein

English

Journals Portal, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

    International Pharmacy Acta Journal Homepage: http://intpharmacta.com Original article  Page | 218 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22037/ipa.v1i2.21800 ISSN: 2645-3266 Antibactertial Activity of the Essential Oils from Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden. Faraz Mojaba*iD, Boshra Azadib, Abdolhossein Rustaiyanc Received: 30/05/2018 Accepted: 03/06/2018 Authors’ Affiliations:  aSchool of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.  bFood and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. cDepartment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. *Correspondance: Faraz Mojab School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6153, Iran.  Tel  + 98 21 88200061 Fax + 98 21 88200061 E-mail: sfmojab@sbmu.ac.ir  How to reference this article: Int Pharm Acta. 2018, June1:2: 218-221  1. Introduction  Semenovia tragioides (syn. Platytaenia tragioides; Zozimia tragioides) (1) is the herb from Apiaceae. Semenovia has 5 endemic species in Iran. This genus was called Zozimia, previously. Plants of the family Apiaceae are widely used in Iranian’s folk medicine, but no medicinal use of Semenovia tragioides, which is a rare plant, has been reported (2). Previously, some researches were worked on this (3-4) and other species of the genus. The main components comprising 61.9% of the oil were lavandulyl acetate (25.5%), geranyl acetate (12.5%), trans-β-ocimene (8.8%), p-cymene (7.7%), and γ-terpinene (7.4%) (4). In 1978, the essential oil of Platytaenia lasiocarpa, from Pakistan, was analyzed by GLC and also isolongifolene (17.9), β-elemene (14.3), and octyl acetate (13.8) were reported as major components (5). Rustaiyan et al. analyzed Semenovia suffruticosa oil and identified linalool (11.5%), lavandulyl acetate (11.5%), and (E)-β-ocimene (8.6%) as main components (6). The major constituents of the oil of Z. absinthifolia appeared to be germacrene D (20.7 %),  Abstract  Introduction: Plants of the family Apiaceae are widely used in Iranian’s folk medicine, but no medicinal use of Semenovia tragioides, which is a rare plant, has been reported. Methods and Results:  The essential oil from aerial parts of Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden. (Umbelliferae) consisting mainly p-cymene (18.5 %) Z- - ocimene (7.7%), cinnamyl isovalerate (7.4%), and –terpinene (5.5%) was screened for antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains.  Conclusion: The essential oil remarkably inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria (two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative). The maximum activity was against Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Semenovia tragioides, essential oil composition, p-cymene, cinnamyl isovalerate, antibacterial activity.     Sadeghi et al. Oils from Semenovia tragioides Int Pharm Acta  June 2018| Volume 1| Issue 2 |Article 7   Page | 219 β-caryophyllene (14.6 %), and octyl acetate (12.2 %) (7). Caryophyllene oxide (25.5%) and β-pinene (10.9%) were the main components in the oil of S. dichotoma (8). In 2012, Neryl acetate (16.2 %), spathulenol (14.5 %), and citronellol (13.8 %) were reported as the major components in the oil of S. frigida (9). In a continuation of our studies on the composition of oils from plants species to Iran (10-12), we have analyzed the oil of S. tragioides. 2. Materials and Methods Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden. (Umbelliferae) (1), aerial parts were collected from Anjirak region in the southeast of Iran in June 2001. The plant was identified by V. A. Mozaffarian, from the Herbarium of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (TARI) where voucher specimen were presented. The dried aerial parts of the plant after grinding were subjected to a Clevenger-type hydrodistillation apparatus for 5 h. and analyzed with GC and GC-MS.  GC: GC analysis was performed using a Packard 439 chromatograph equipped with a CP Sil %CB column (25 m x 0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.39 m), column temperature 60-220°C at 5ºC/min; injection mode, split, split ratio 1:50; volume injected, approximately 0.1 L of neat oil; carrier gas, N2 (0.8 mL/min). GC/MS: GC/MS Varian 3700 chromatograph with a CP Sil %CB column (25 m x 0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.39 m), combined with Varian MAT 44S, ionization energy 70 eV. The operation conditions were as above and He was carrier gas. The identification of the compounds was carried out by comparison of their mass spectra with those of known compounds together with the relative retention indices (13). Antibacterial activity from essential oil was carried out by agar disc diffusion method. Used microorganisms are listed in Table 1 (cultures obtained from Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran).  Table 1. Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of S. tragioides aerial parts.  Microorganisms Inhibition zone(mm)a Essential oilb  GMc                 AMPc Stapylococcus aureus PTCC 1337d  Staphylococcus epidermidis PTCC 1114d Escherichia coli PTCC 1338d Klebsiella  pneumoniae  PTCC 1037d Pseudomonas aeruginosa Shigella  dysenteriae Morganella spp.  20.1  21.7                         17.6  14.6                   12.5                   17.0 18.0              -                    15         -                    19        23                      0       20                       0        -                        -        -                        -        -                        -            a mean value of three independent experiments b  c  d  Presian Type Culture Collection.    Sadeghi et al. Oils from Semenovia tragioides Int Pharm Acta June 2018| Volume 1| Issue 2 |Article 7  Page | 220 3. Results Micelles Yield of the essential oil was 0.6%. 21 components were identified in the oil. The major components were p-cymene (18.5 %), Z--ocimene (7.7%), cinnamyl isovalerate (7.4%), -terpinene (5.5%), E- - ocimene (5.2%), and methyl eugenol (4.0%) (Table 2).  Table 2. Composition of the essential oil of Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden. Compound K.I. % Compound K.I. % α-Thujene 927 Trace Isoamyl 2-methyl butanoate 1092 1.2 α-Pinene 937 1.8 p-Cymen 8-ol 1170 0.3 Sabinene 968 0.9 Terpinen-4-ol 1175 0.3 β-Pinene 976 1.4 Hexyl isovalerate 1224 3.0 Propyl valerate 983 0.5 Thymol 1265 2.3 ρ-Cymene 1020 18.5 Methyl eugenol  1372 4.0 Cis-β-Ocimene 1030 7.7 Bornyl propionate 1440 1.0 Trans-β-Ocimene 1038 5.2 Cis-Nerolidol 1549 0.3 γ-Terpinene 1057 5.5 Trans-Nerolidol 1560 0.5 Terpinolene  Linalool 1087 1090 3.4 0.3 Cinnamyl isoavalerate 1666 7.4      4. Discussion and Conclusion The essential oil of S. tragioides aerial parts showed high activity against all tested bacteria, especially Gram-positive bacteria and also S. epidermidis appeared to be the most sensitive bacterium. The observed antibacterial properties show that the oil has a good potential for use in aromatherapy. The main component of our S. tragioides oil was p-cymene (18.5 %) but in Platytaenia lasiocarpa was isolongifolene (17.9), in Semenovia suffruticosa were identified linalool (11.5%) and lavandulyl acetate (11.5%), in Z. absinthifolia was germacrene D (20.7 %), in S. dichotoma was caryophyllene oxide (25.5%), and in S. frigida was neryl acetate (16.2 %). Major components identified in the oil were monoterpenes (mainly ρ-cymene (18.5%)) and esters (such as cinnamyl isoavalerate (7.4%)). ρ-Cymene was reported as major components in some essential oil such as Bunium persicum (14), Satureja mutica (15), and Trachyspermum ammi (16). . Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Dr. V. A. Mozaffarian for the collection and identification of the plant. References  1- Alava R. Semenovia in: Hedge IC, Lamond JM and Rechinger KH. Flora Iranica, Umbelliferae. No. 162, Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt. Austria. 1987, p: 482. 2- Zargari A. Medicinal Plants. Vol 2. Tehran: Tehran University Press, 1991. 3- Bamoniri A, Ebrahimabadi AH, Mazoochi A, Behpour M, Jookar Kashi F, Batooli H. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity evaluation and essential oil analysis of Semenovia tragioides Boiss. from Iran. Food Chem. 2010; 122(3): 553–558.  4- Masoudi S, Rustaiyan A, Ameri N, Monfared A, Komeilizadeh H,  Kamalinejad M, Jami-roodi J. Volatile oils of Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke in Benth. et Hook, and Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden. from Iran. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2002; 14 (4): 288-289.    Sadeghi et al. Oils from Semenovia tragioides Int Pharm Acta  June 2018| Volume 1| Issue 2 |Article 7   Page | 221 5- Ashraf M, Bhatty MK. Studies on essential oils of the Pakistani species of the family Umbelliferae. Part XVIII. Platytaenia lasiocarpa sp. Thomsonii seed oil. Pakistan J. Sci. Ind. Res. 1978; 21(2): 73-74. 6- Rustaiyan A, Masoudi Sh, Aghjani Z. The essential oil of Semenovia suffruticosa (Freyn et Bornm.) Manden. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1999; 11: 365-6. 7- Esmaeili A, Amiri H, Rustaiyan A, Masoudi Sh, Tabatabaei-Anaraki M. The Essential Oils of Two Umbelliferae, Zosimia absinthifolia (Vent.) Link. and Smyrniopsis aucheri Boiss. Grwoing Wild in Iran. J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plants. 2010; 13(1): 73-77.  8- Masoudi Sh, Monfared A, Rustaiyan A, Chalabian F. Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Semenovia dichotoma (Boiss.) Manden., Johreniopsis seseloides (C. A. Mey) M. Pimen and Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. et Hohen.) 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Antibactertial Activity of the Essential Oils from Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden.

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Antibactertial Activity of the Essential Oils from Semenovia tragioides (Boiss.) Manden.

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