High speed electroplating of nickel over stainless steel

Electrodeposition of nickel has been investigated intensely during the past decades in relation to its particular mechanical properties and numerous applications in industry. Electroplating of nickel coatings is frequently used for corrosion protection of stainless steel, also nickel electroplating plate is one of the protective-decorative electrodeposited metallic coating for stainless steel. Usually the electroplating process of nickel over stainless steel is done by common methods needed to some pretreatments such as preparation of surface, activating of the surface, striking a thin layer of nickel on the surface. In these methods there are some problems including: Poor level of Adhesion. Peeling off, Sometimes even after following all the proper pre-plating treatment the adhesion is also poor. Another problem is that a strike deposits usually very thin and examination of the strike layer may not show any signs of pitting and roughness. Because of these problems the nickel layer can not stick to stainless steel properly and it can peel off from the surface. In this study high speed electroplating will be applied to solve the problems and without any preparation the nickel will deposited on stainless steel

Clinical manifestations of Giardiasis in Iran

Context: Giardiasis has multiple clinical manifestations and its prevalence is relatively high in the Hamadan province of Iran. Aims: This study was conducted to determine the most frequent clinical signs and symptoms of Giardiasis in the Hamadan province of Iran in 2006. Setting and Design: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Methods and Material: Sixty four patients infected with Giardia were recruited. Antiglidin anti-body and TTG tests were done to rule out celiac disease. Statistical analysis used: The data was entered into a computer and chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of a total of 64 cases, 26 were females. Giardiasis was most common in cases aged 16-20 years old (20.3%), in males (59.4%) and in patients with the educational status of primary school (31.25%). The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain (42.1%). Conclusion: We found that the clinical manifestations of Giardiasis are similar to that of other gastrointestinal diseases such as celiac. So Giardiasis should be considered as the most probable diagnosis in patients with gastrointestinal problems

An Evaluation of Comprehensive Projects Used in an Expressive Arts Workshop for Cancer Patients and Survivors

This research project examines an array of art prompts and projects that have been used in program-based art making workshops to facilitate creative expression amongst those who have been impacted by a cancer diagnosis. The review of literature emphasizes the value of this research, as the field of healing arts programs/expressive arts workshops in cancer care is varied and sparse. While there is substantial research that indicates art therapy to be a highly valued and accepted clinical intervention used in cancer care, there is little research that focuses on the specific role of art making with cancer patients/survivors and even less research on program-based art making workshops. As an artist and cancer survivor, this research incorporates my lived experiences to inform the cataloging, evaluation, and analysis of five art projects completed and used as inspiration for a program-based art-making workshop. The artworks included are an altered book, a cloth doll, a paper mask, a wooden box, and a Styrofoam head. The five central themes that arose from these five particular projects include that they were fun/engaging, encouraged play/experimentation, increased self-understanding, fostered the need to creatively express unexpressed emotions, and offered a sense of pride/accomplishment. This preliminary research project suggests that a broader investigation is needed in order to gather a deeper understanding of the impact of program-based expressive arts workshops as a healing modality with this patient population

Can we rely on public data as a source of information for cancer registry in developing countries?

Background/aims: Although a "hospital-based cancer registry" is important in improving patient care, a "population-based cancer registry" with emphasis on epidemiology is important in allocating health care resources and prioritizing public health programs. Because of its reliance on retrieved clinical and para-clinical documents, there is some limitation in registering all cancer incidents in this system, especially in developing countries. In this study we examined the possibility of using public data as a complementary source of information for recording cancers in a population-based cancer registry. Methods: Along with the annual census in rural areas, a survey was performed in Golestan province in March 2004 to identify public awareness about cancer incidents in the community. Individuals were questioned about history of cancer in their close relatives during the last two years. Those who reported cancer in their relatives were also asked to name the main organ of involvement. A similar list was retrieved from the cancer registry at the Ministry of Health in Gorgan, and cases with upper GI (esophagus and gastric) cancer diagnosis from 21 March 2002 through 20 March 2004 were selected for this study. Finally, these two lists were compared for examining accuracy of the collected data. Results: We included 137 cases in our study with rural residence and known addresses. Only 35 (25.5%) cases were reported by the relatives and among them only 20 (57.1%) relatives correctly reported the tumor location. Although we found a difference in accurate reporting of cancer incidents by year of diagnosis (more correct cases reported during the second versus the first year), the difference was not statistically significant between the two years. Conclusion: In this study, we examined the possibility of using public awareness about cancer incidents as a complementary source of information for a population-based cancer registry. We found that this approach is not ideal for reducing limitations. Therefore, we recommend a nationwide cancer registry to record all cancer-related information at the time of diagnosis. This strategy will reduce the need for performing retrospective surveys in collecting cancer-related information

Precision Enhancement of Distribution System State Estimation via Tri-Objective Micro Phasor Measurement Unit Deployment

A tri-objective optimal Micro Phasor Measurement Units ({\mu}-PMUs) Placement method is presented, with a focus on minimizing the following three parameters: i) the total number of {\mu}-PMU channels, (ii) the maximum state estimation uncertainty, and (iii) the sensitivity of state estimation to line parameter tolerances. The suggested formulation takes single-line and {\mu}-PMU failures into consideration while guaranteeing the complete observability of the system in the presence and absence of contingencies. It also takes into account the impact of zero injection nodes and the quantity of {\mu}-PMU channels carried out at every node. The suggested placement issue is addressed using a customized version of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). According to the results achieved utilizing three test systems of varying sizes, {\mu}-PMU channels beyond predetermined thresholds only result in higher costs and negligible further decreases in state estimation uncertainty and sensitivity to line parameter tolerances. Additionally, we may omit to instrument between 30 and 40% of buses if {\mu}-PMUs with only two three-phase channels are utilized, with only a modest negative effect on state estimate performance even in the event of contingencies

Frequency and Risk Factors for RBC Alloimmunization in Patients Undergoing Surgery in Tehran, Iran: the Role in Improving Type and Screening Tests

  Introduction: Alloimmunization to red blood cell antigens is one of the main complications of transfusion therapy. The appropriate pre-transfusion tests are necessary in order to minimize hemolytic reactions related to RBC alloantibodies. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and specificity of RBC alloantibodies detected during pre-transfusion tests in addition to risk factors of alloimmunization in the hospitalized population in Tehran, Iran.  Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the characteristics and type of alloantibodies in 31 alloimminized patients among 6029 hospitalized patients of Imam Khomeini general hospital were examined during September 2016 to January 2017.Results: The RBC alloantibody prevalence was 0.5% with the male: female ratio of 1:5.2. The most frequent antibodies were anti-D (30%), anti-E (24%) and anti-K (12%). Female sex, age, history of transfusion and pregnancy or abortion history were associated with alloimmunization.Conclusion:The alloimmunization rate were relatively low in hospitalized patients in this study. Female sex, age, history of transfusion and pregnancy sound to be the risk factors of alloimmnization. 

Socio-economic factors of value of children affecting ideal number of children by gender

  Background: Socio-economic factors, following psychological factors, affect the value of children in parents’ view and this value itself could influence Ideal Number of Children (INC), which is one of the most important dimensions of fertility behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate parents’ INC according to the factors influencing the value of children from the viewpoint of men and women, separately.  Methods: In a cross-sectional study, multi-stage stratified sampling method was conducted to collect data from 590 males and 610 females in Tehran province, Iran, using a questionnaire including demographic and attitudinal questions. To describe data, SPSS-17, and to examine the factors influencing INC, path analysis was used in AMOS 22 and Goodness of fitted model was approved using the relative chi-square ( , Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted GFI (AGFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) indices.   Results: Indices of Goodness of fit confirmed the fitted models ( =2.289, GFI=0.994, AGFI=0.973, and RMSEA=0.047 for males’ model and =0.511, GFI=0.989, AGFI=0.994, and RMSEA=0.020 for females’ model). Negative psychological (males’ coefficient=-0.20 and females’ coefficient=-0.17, P<0.001) and positive economic (males’ coefficient=0.11 and females’ coefficient=0.09, P<0.05) factors of children values were both significant on INC based on gender. Moreover, negative social factor (males’ coefficient=-0.26, P<0.05) of value of children was significant on INC only for males. These significant factors had higher impacts on men's INC, as compared with that of women  Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, significant factors influencing INC of males and females were negative psychological and positive economic factors of the value of children and the negative social factor of value of children was the only significant factor influencing INC for males

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice between Medical and Non-Medical Sciences Students about Food Labeling

Background: Considering the significant role of consumers’ awareness about food labels in making healthy food choices, this study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and prac-tice of university students about food labeling.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 332 students aged 18-25 yr in five different academic ma-jors (including Nutrition, Public Health, Health Services Administration, Paramedical and En-gineering) were asked to complete an approved questionnaire contained fifteen questions. The chi-square test was applied to examine the differences across various major groups.Results: 89.2% of the students believed that food labels had effect on nutritional awareness. 77.4% were agreed with the usefulness of the food labels and 79.2% did not feel that nutrition claims on food label were truthful. For 84% of students, the expiry date and storage conditions information were the most important informational cues to appear on the food labels. From 47.6% of students who reported the use of nutrition facts label in their often or always shopping; only 32.3% used the information on labels to fit the food into their daily diet. Surprisingly, fatty acids were the least noteworthy items (1.9%) on nutrition facts labels. Regarding students’ major, there was significant difference in their knowledge, attitude and practice about truth of the nutri-tion claims, using food labels and importance of health claims (P<0.05).Conclusion: Food labels were more useful tools for students and had an effect on their nutri-tional awareness. Designing and implementation of the educational programs in order to increase the level of knowledge about food labels is suggested