Flows consumption assessment study for fuel cell vehicles: Towards a popularization of FCVs technology

Climate change can be caused by a major part from the high fossil fuel usage and consumption in transportation field. It contributes to the increase of pollutant emissions, which lead to serious problems on human health in addition to the environmental degradation phenomena. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are expected to have a significant impact in meeting both energy security and environmental concerns globally. Starting for the premise that public acceptance and attitudes studies were generally positive towards hydrogen and fuel cells vehicles, even if the public knows few things about this technology; authors then got the idea to present a simplified scientific work dealing with the description of the energy management and flows calculations on board FCVs. This work aims not only to the popularization of this technology but also to outreach people about its sustainable character. A variable driving profile is adopted with a total distance of 1 km with duration of 60 s. The total hydrogen amount consumed is 1,34 g km−1. Under pressure, only 5 kg of hydrogen give optimal autonomy of 700 km, which is really competitive to the conventional gasoline cars. A nice advantage is yet observed and its concerns the environmental profits

Gamma spectrometry for natural radioactive nuclides in Spa waters in some areas in north Algeria

The work aims to determine the radioactivity levels of Algeria thermal waters which have been used permanently in spas for therapeutic intentions. Eight Spas waters in north Algeria analysis was performed to determine their radioactivity concentration for 226Ra, 232Th, 235U and 40K, using a high-resolution HPGe γ-spectrometry system. Water is imbedded in a Marinelli beakers tightly sealed for 28 days to achieve secular equilibrium between 226Ra and its short-lived daughter products before analyzing by gamma ray spectrometry. The average activity concentrations for spa waters from study areas were 0.045 to 2.077 Bql-1 for 226Ra; 0.17to 3.416 Bql-1 for 232Th; 0.085to 7,235 Bql-1 for 235U and 1.402 to 15.156 Bql-1 for 40K. This study would be useful for used and official authorities for the assessment of radiation exposure risk due to usage of the considered spa waters

Biometrics analysis of the stem fibers of some local Algerian plant species

Studying the biometric characteristics of the stems of plant species has been of great interest to researchers in the wood and paper industry. The use of plant fibers has been widespread in the fields of composites, buildings, insulation, plastics and automobiles. The present study aimed to investigate the biometric characteristics of the stem fibers of local Algerian plant species, viz. Group 1 (Lygeum spartum and Stipa tenacissima), Group 2 (Linum usitatissimum in the greenhouse and Linum usitatissimum in natural conditions), Group 3 (Retama monosperma and Retama raetam) and Group 4 (Phoenix dactylifera and Ricinus communis). The extraction process was carried out using 1 M NaOH at 60 °C for 48 hours, and the fiber length was calculated for all the species using a micrometer. The fiber length of stems of all the species ranged from 0.36 to 5.18 mm. Then, the difference between each of the two species was approximated using Student's test. The results obtained showed that the t value ranged from 0.50 to 1.79 for Groups 4 and 1, respectively. There was no significant difference between them. These results suggest that these species are promising raw materials for paper production due to their adequate fibre length

Poverty and Education in Algeria: the Impact of Non-School Factors using a Multinomial Econometric Approach

Using a multinomial logit measurement, we aim through this paper to quantify the relationship between poverty and education. A subjective measurement of poverty is used with non school factors in quantifying such relationship. For a better understanding of the linkage Poverty-Education, a Multinomial regression model is applied to a representative survey of 500 households in the region of Tlemcen. According to our results , variables such as: individual housing, household's head instruction's level ,expenditures on education , the gender (male), and the age are common variables whatever poverty status. As far as policy makers are concerned, education is seen as a vital player in economic and social development. Accordingly, the higher is the education level the more likely it contributes to household poverty alleviation. Our results are of great importance to Algerian policy makers as long as it shows some significant variables which should be taken in consideration in drawing policies

Poverty and Education in Algeria: the Impact of Non-School Factors using a Multinomial Econometric Approach

Using a multinomial logit measurement, we aim through this paper to quantify the relationship between poverty and education. A subjective measurement of poverty is used with non school factors in quantifying such relationship. For a better understanding of the linkage Poverty-Education, a Multinomial regression model is applied to a representative survey of 500 households in the region of Tlemcen. According to our results , variables such as: individual housing, household's head instruction's level ,expenditures on education , the gender (male), and the age are common variables whatever poverty status. As far as policy makers are concerned, education is seen as a vital player in economic and social development. Accordingly, the higher is the education level the more likely it contributes to household poverty alleviation. Our results are of great importance to Algerian policy makers as long as it shows some significant variables which should be taken in consideration in drawing policies

Design and Numerical Implementation of V2X Control Architecture for Autonomous Driving Vehicles

This paper is concerned with designing and numerically implementing a V2X (Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) control system architecture for a platoon of autonomous vehicles. The V2X control architecture integrates the well-known Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) for a platoon of Autonomous Driving Vehicles (ADVs) with Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Communication. The main aim is to address practical implementation issues of such a system as well as the safety and security concerns for traffic environments. To this end, we first investigated a channel estimation model for V2I communication. We employed the IEEE 802.11p vehicular standard and calculated path loss, Packet Error Rate (PER), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and throughput between transmitter and receiver end. Next, we carried out several case studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed control system with respect to its response to: (i) the communication infrastructure; (ii) its sensitivity to an emergency, inter-vehicular gap, and significant perturbation; and (iii) its performance under the loss of communication and changing driving environment. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control model. The model is collision-free for an infinite length of platoon string on a single lane road-driving environment. It also shows that it can work during a lack of communication, where the platoon vehicles can make their decision with the help of their own sensors. V2X Enabled Intelligent Driver Model (VX-IDM) performance is assessed and compared with the state-of-the-art models considering standard parameter settings and metrics

Effect of three types of composts of olive oil by-products on growth and yield of hard wheat "Triticum durum Desf.”

The extraction of olive oil generates colossal by-products quantities; generally unexploited and causes serious environmental problems in Algeria. In tackling this problem, we performed three types of composts (C1: 50% cows manure, 50% olive husks and olive mill wastewaters; C2: 50% olive husks treated by the lime, 50% cows manure with fresh urea and olive mill wastewaters; C3: 50% olive husks, 50% cows manure and water) for five months to use them as biofertilizers for hard wheat "Triticum durum Desf." ‘Waha’ cultivar. Results obtained showed that at the end of composting, the pH stabilized at 7.29 to 7.45; however saltiness was variable. For the three composts, the organic matter was degraded and the polyphenols content decreased significantly; C2 was the compost that contains more mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca and Na). Indeed, the use of this compost as biofertilizer allowed an increase of the yield to 30.61% and an improvement of wheat growth, spikes’ number (5.25±0.3 per plant in comparison with 1±0.09 for control) and seeds (57.12±0.99 per plant in comparison with 14.87±1.88 for control).Keywords: Compost, Olive husks, olive mill wastewaters, Triticum durum Desf., Algeria.African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol 13(52) 4685-469

Optimisation de l'utilisation du biogaz des métaliseurs

76 p. : ill. ; 30 c

Effect of three types of composts of olive oil by-products on growth and yield of hard wheat "Triticum durum Desf.”

The extraction of olive oil generates colossal by-products quantities; generally unexploited and causes serious environmental problems in Algeria. In tackling this problem, we performed three types of composts (C1: 50% cows manure, 50% olive husks and olive mill wastewaters; C2: 50% olive husks treated by the lime, 50% cows manure with fresh urea and olive mill wastewaters; C3: 50% olive husks, 50% cows manure and water) for five months to use them as biofertilizers for hard wheat "Triticum durum Desf." ‘Waha’ cultivar. Results obtained showed that at the end of composting, the pH stabilized at 7.29 to 7.45; however saltiness was variable. For the three composts, the organic matter was degraded and the polyphenols content decreased significantly; C2 was the compost that contains more mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca and Na). Indeed, the use of this compost as biofertilizer allowed an increase of the yield to 30.61% and an improvement of wheat growth, spikes’ number (5.25±0.3 per plant in comparison with 1±0.09 for control) and seeds (57.12±0.99 per plant in comparison with 14.87±1.88 for control).Keywords: Compost, Olive husks, olive mill wastewaters, Triticum durum Desf., Algeria.African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol 13(52) 4685-469