Suppression of doxorubicin apoptotic, histopathologic, mutagenic and oxidative stress effects in mice bone marrow and testis tissues by aqueous rosemary leaves extract

Suppression of doxorubicin apoptotic, histopathologic, mutagenic and oxidative stress effects in mice bone marrow and testis tissues by aqueous rosemary leaves extractSupressão de doxorubina opoptótica, histopatológica, mutagênica e efeito de estresse oxidativo em medula óssea e tecido testicular de ratos por extrato aquoso de folhas de alecrim</htm

CA-ARBAC: privacy preserving using context-aware role-based access control on Android permission system

Existing mobile platforms are based on manual way of granting and revoking permissions to applications. Once the user grants a given permission to an application, the application can use it without limit, unless the user manually revokes the permission. This has become the reason for many privacy problems because of the fact that a permission that is harmless at some occasion may be very dangerous at another condition. One of the promising solutions for this problem is context-aware access control at permission level that allows dynamic granting and denying of permissions based on some predefined context. However, dealing with policy configuration at permission level becomes very complex for the user as the number of policies to configure will become very large. For instance, if there are A applications, P permissions, and C contexts, the user may have to deal with A × P × C number of policy configurations. Therefore, we propose a context-aware role-based access control model that can provide dynamic permission granting and revoking while keeping the number of policies as small as possible. Although our model can be used for all mobile platforms, we use Android platform to demonstrate our system. In our model, Android applications are assigned roles where roles contain a set of permissions and contexts are associated with permissions. Permissions are activated and deactivated for the containing role based on the associated contexts. Our approach is unique in that our system associates contexts with permissions as opposed to existing similar works that associate contexts with roles. As a proof of concept, we have developed a prototype application called context-aware Android role-based access control. We have also performed various tests using our application, and the result shows that our model is working as desired

Local Reference Ranges of Thyroid Volume in Sudanese Normal Subjects Using Ultrasound

This study aimed to establish a local reference of thyroid volume in Sudanese normal subjects using ultrasound. A total of 103 healthy subjects were studied, 28 (27.18%) females and 75 (72.82%) males. Thyroid volume was estimated using ellipsoid formula. The mean age and range of the subjects was 21.8 (19–29) years; the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.3 (16.46–26.07) kg/m2. The overall mean volume ± SD volume of the thyroid gland for both lobes in all the patients studied was 6.44 ± 2.44 mL. The mean volume for both lobes in females and males were 5.78 ± 1.96 mL and 6.69 ± 2.56 mL, respectively. The males' thyroid volume was greater than the females'. The mean volume of the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland in males and females were 3.38 ± 1.37 mL and 3.09 ± 1.24 mL, respectively. The right thyroid lobe volume was greater than the left. The values obtained in this study were lower than those reported from previous studies

Pattern of Fatal Injuries in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A One-year Audit

Background: Injury continues to account for a large number of clients attending emergency department in Addis Ababa. Reliable information on causes of death is essential to the development of health policies for prevention and control. The aim of this atudy was to identify the pattern and common causes of fatal injuriesMethods: This is prospective study analyses autopsy data related to fatal injuries handled by Menilik II Hospital between July1, 2006 –June 30, 2007. (Sene 24, 1998 - Sene 23, 1999)Results: A total of 2107 cases were analyzed. The victims were mostly male and the most vulnerable age group was found to be 15-44 years. Accidents versus homicide and accident versus suicide ratio was 1.8:1 and 5:1 respectively. Road traffic accidents were the most frequent causes of accident related death. Main means of homicide was hit by blunt or sharp object or firearm. More than 90% of victims who committed suicide use hanging or poisoning.Ninety percent of deaths occur with in 24 hours of the injury and only 105 (5%) died from the second day on wards. Eighty one percents of this patients had never received any medical care (either pre-hospital or hospital level).Conclusion: Road traffic accidents accounted for most causes of injury related deaths. Significant proportion of patients had no access to emergency medical care. The findings strongly suggest that more aggressive, regulatory, educational, and rapid emergency treatment is necessary to address the large number of injury related death

Results of a second season of Paleolithic survey in the Agig area: the Red Sea region of the Sudan

One of the contentious issues in paleoanthropology today concerns the geographic route/routes through which hominins (early humans) left Africa. The Nile corridor and the Strait of Bab al-Mandab (the southern Red Sea) are commonly cited as the likely routes by which hominins dispersed out of East Africa (Van Peer 1998; Derricourt 2005; Beyin 2006). However, the extent to which hominin movements remained confned to these regions is unclear. The western periphery of the Red Sea (WPRS) occupies a critical geographic location to be considered as an ideal region to assess the role of coastal habitats in hominin survival, and the facilitation of important transitions in human evolution, as well as the possibility of hominin dispersal out of Africa through a coastal corridor. As a coast-bound corridor linking the fossil-rich East African Rift system with Southwest Asia, the region may have hosted multiple hominin settlement episodes, and some of the inhabitants may have easily dispersed toward Eurasia from there (Beyin in press). Unfortunately, the region had seen little Stone-Age focused research in the past, hindering an informed assessment of its contribution to hominin survival and dispersal. With these questions and ecological scenarios in mind, in 2017, members of the current project launched ‘The Red Sea Paleolithic Project’ aimed at investigating the role of the WPRS in hominin survival and their movement out of Africa through documenting and studying Stone Age sites in the Red Sea coastal region of the Sudan. To this end, in the summer of 2017, the team carried out a three-week pilot exploration in the Agig and Khor Baraka districts of the Sudanese Red Sea region, which resulted in the documentation of fve sites and numerous low-density lithic scatters on diverse landscape settings (Beyin et al. 2019). The most conspicuous artefact class documented at the surveyed localities were what archaeologists commonly identify as bifaces or large cutting tools (mainly of the handaxe type) that are characteristic of the Acheulean technocomplex, dating to c. 1.7–0.3Ma (Ma = million years ago) in Africa (de la Torre 2016). Other encountered artefact types included points, scrapers, and prepared core products referable to the African Middle Stone Age (MSA, dating roughly to 300–50ka (ka = 1000 years ago) (Barham and Mitchell 2008). The fnds suggest that the region hosted multiple hominin occupation episodes since the Acheulean and MSA technocomplexes are generally thought to have appeared at different times alongside the appearance of distinct hominin lineages

Efficient synthesis of novel bis(dihydropyrano[2,3c]pyrazoles), bis(4H-chromenes) and bis(dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes) with amide functionality

A synthesis of novel bis(1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitriles), bis(4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles) and bis(dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes), which are linked to aliphatic spacers via amide linkages was achieved via multicomponent reactions (MCR) of the appropriate bis-aldehyde with two equivalents of both of malononitrile and 3-methylpyrazol-5-one, dimedone or 4-hydroxycoumarin in a basic solution

Pattern of injuries in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A one-year descriptive study

Background: Globally, trauma is recognized as one of the most life threatening public health problems. Traumatic injuries account for 12% of the global burden of diseases and are the third most important cause of overall mortality. This study was aaimed at assessing the burden of injuries in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A one-year (July 2005-June 2006) retrospective descriptive audit of injuries in a public health facility of Addis Ababa using external causes of injury codes on district health information system.Results: During the study period there were 40,752 out-patient department visits, of which 956 were hospitalizations with 35 deaths occurring as a results of injury which accounted for 27% of all emergency and 3% of all regular visits, 5% of all hospitalizations and 3% of deaths. The patients were predominantly young males. Even though falls were the commonest causes of unintentional injury, road traffic injuries were the main burden of the health facility being the commonest cause among young male and also accounted for 61% of injury related admission, 52% of injury related death, and leading cause of repeated visits. A total of 44% of unintentional injuries were categorized under ‘other accidental causes’, only 6 deaths were reported in the out patient department, and the conditions of one third of the patients at discharge were not recorded.Conclusion: The injury, especially road traffic injury, is the burden for health facility; there is a need for improving the way injuries are recorded and compiled

Understanding challenges as they impact on hospital-level care for pre-eclampsia in rural Ethiopia:a qualitative study

OBJECTIVE: To explore hospital-level care for pre-eclampsia in Ethiopia, considering the perspectives of those affected and healthcare providers, in order to understand barriers and facilitators to early detection, care escalation and appropriate management.SETTING: A primary and a general hospital in southern Ethiopia.PARTICIPANTS: Women with lived experience of pre-eclampsia care in the hospital, families of women deceased due to pre-eclampsia, midwives, doctors, integrated emergency surgical officers and healthcare managers.RESULTS: This study identified numerous systemic barriers to provision of quality, person-centred care for pre-eclampsia in hospitals. Individual staff efforts to respond to maternal emergencies were undermined by a lack of consistency in availability of resources and support. The ways in which policies were applied exacerbated inequities in care. Staff improvised as a means of managing with limited material or human resources and knowledge. Social hierarchies and punitive cultures challenged adequacy of communication with women, documentation of care given and supportive environments for quality improvement.CONCLUSIONS: Quality care for pre-eclampsia requires organisational change to create a safe space for learning and improvement, alongside efforts to offer patient-centred care and ensure providers are equipped with knowledge, resources and support to adhere to evidence-based practice

Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound: clinical implementation in assessing uterine cavity

Background: Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D TVS) represents a new technique of imaging and provides a unique diagnostic tool for non-invasive examination of the uterine morphology and diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies. In this study the clinical value of 3D TVS in diagnosis of uterine cavity abnormalities were evaluated.Methods: A prospective of diagnostic accuracy study included 226 patients with various clinical presentations; infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, menstrual disorders and post-menopausal bleeding with suspected uterine cavity lesions or abnormality on two-dimensional (2D) TVS or hysterosalpingography (HSG). After taking consent, all patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, 3D TVS evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and finally endoscopic examination.Results: The 3D has 98% accuracy in infertile women in comparison to 87% for MRI. While with recurrent pregnancy loss, Concordance was 96% correct for 3D and 78% for MRI. The women with abnormal uterine bleeding, the accuracy of 3D was 100%, while with MRI was 74%. The sensitivity of 3D TVS was 97.8% and 100% specificity, positive and negative predictive value. While the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for MRI were 89.3%, 64%, 70.4% and 86.3% respectively.Conclusions: 3D TVS appears to be extremely accurate, less expensive and a rapid examination for the diagnosis and classification of uterine anomalies, more than MRI. Thus it may become the only mandatory step in the assessment of the uterine cavity