Family of ruled surfaces generated by equiform Bishop spherical image in Minkowski 3-space

The study of a family of equiform Bishop spherical image ruled surfaces created by some specific curves such as spherical image in Minkowski 3-space using equiform Bishop frame of that curve is presented in this paper. We also offer the necessary criteria for these surfaces to be equiform Bishop developable and equiform Bishop minimum in relation to equiform Bishop curvatures, as well as when the curve is enclosed in a plane. Finally, we provide an example, such as these surfaces

SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY COUPLED WITH CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORMS AND SAVITZKY-GOLAY DERIVATIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF TADALAFIL AND DAPOXETINE HCl.

Objective: A novel combination of Tadalafil (TAD) and Dapoxetine HCl (DAP) has been recently introduced into the market for the treatment of premature ejaculation. The aim of this work is the development and validation of simple, sensitive and accurate analytical methods for the determination of TAD and DAP in their binary mixture without prior separation.Methods: Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic (SFS) methods coupled with continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) and Savitzky-Golay (SAVGOL) derivatization technique have been developed.Results: Under optimum conditions, TAD and DAP were determined in the concentration ranges of 0.01–3 µg/ml and 0.01–1.2 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The developed methods have the requisite accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and precision and were satisfactorily applied for the simultaneous determination of TAD and DAP in bulk powder and pharmaceutical preparations. The results obtained for the analysis of both drugs in their pure forms by the proposed methods were statistically compared to those obtained by applying a reported high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) method. The statistical comparison showed that there is no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reported one with respect to accuracy and precision.Keywords: Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, Tadalafil, Dapoxetine HCl, Continuous wavelet transforms, Savitzky-Golay techniqu

Stability-indicating HPLC and PLS chemometric methods for the determination of acemetacin in presence of its degradation products and impurities

Two stability-indicating methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of acemetacin (ACM) in presence of its degradation products and impurities. The first method was based on separation of ACM from its degradation products and impurities by RP-HPLC on Inertsil C8 column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d) using a mobile phase composed of 0.02 M phosphate buffer: methanol (35:65, v:v, pH = 6.5). The flow rate was adjusted at 1 mL/min and quantification was achieved with UV detection at 245 nm using meloxicam as internal standard. The second method was based on multivariate spectrophotometric analysis using partial least square regression model. The drug was subjected to acid, base, oxidative and thermal stress conditions and the degradation products were identified. The developed methods have the requisite accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and precision to assay ACM in presence of its degradation products and impurities either in bulk powder or in pharmaceutical dosage form. The results obtained for the analysis of ACM in its pure form by the proposed methods were statistically compared to those obtained by applying a reported HPLC method. The statistical comparison showed that there is no significant difference between the proposed methods and the reported one with respect to accuracy and precision

Shifted Jacobi spectral collocation method with convergence analysis for solving integro-differential equations and system of integro-differential equations

This article addresses the solution of multi-dimensional integro-differential equations (IDEs) by means of the spectral collocation method and taking the advantage of the properties of shifted Jacobi polynomials. The applicability and accuracy of the present technique have been examined by the given numerical examples in this paper. By means of these numerical examples, we ensure that the present technique is simple and very accurate. Furthermore, an error analysis is performed to verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method when solving IDE

Approximate solutions for solving nonlinear variable-order fractional Riccati differential equations

In this manuscript, we introduce a spectral technique for approximating the variable-order fractional Riccati equation (VO-FRDEs). Firstly, the solution and its space fractional derivatives is expanded as shifted Chebyshev polynomials series. Then we determine the expansion coefficients by reducing the VO-FRDEs and its conditions to a system of algebraic equations. We show the accuracy and applicability of our numerical approach through four numerical examples. &nbsp

Validated stability indicating methods for determination of nitazoxanide in presence of its degradation products

AbstractThree sensitive, selective and reproducible stability-indicating methods are presented for determination of nitazoxanide (NTZ), a new anti-protozoal drug, in presence of its degradation products. Method A utilizes the first derivative of ratio spectra spectrophotometry by measurement of the amplitude at 364.4nm using one of the degradation products as a divisor. Method B is a chemometric-assisted spectrophotometry, where principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) were applied. These two approaches were successfully applied to quantify NTZ in presence of degradation products using the information included in the absorption spectra in the range 260–360nm. Method C is based on the separation of NTZ from its degradation products followed by densitometric measurement of the bands at 254nm. The separation was carried out on silica gel 60F254, using chloroform–methanol–ammonia solution–glacial acetic acid (95:5:1:1 by volume, pH=5.80) as a developing system. These methods are suitable as stability-indicating methods for the determination of NTZ in presence of its degradation products either in bulk powder or in pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical analysis of the results has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision

Application of fractional sub-equation method to nonlinear evolution equations

In this paper, we constructed a traveling wave solutions expressed by three types of functions, which are hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. By using a fractional sub-equation method for some space-time fractional nonlinear partial differential equations (FNPDE), which are considered models for different phenomena in natural and social sciences fields like engineering, physics, geology, etc. This method is a very effective and easy to investigate exact traveling wave solutions to FNPDE with the aid of the modified Riemann–Liouville derivative

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Approches hybrides pour la reconnaissance du contexte dans les systèmes d'assistance à l'autonomie à domicile : application à la reconnaissance des émotions et à la reconnaissance et l'anticipation de l'activité humaine

The challenges surrounding the ubiquitous robotics are numerous in terms of fields of applications. One of the most important applications is the home care of the elderly and dependent people in the context of the Silver economy (or senior economy). The integration of service robotics in ambient intelligence environments aims to create cyber-physical spaces that provide, anywhere and anytime, a wide range of services to improve the quality of life, the physical and mental state, and the social well-being of users. The objective is to create a unified ecosystem exploiting all connected objects/entities in the environment (sensors, actuators, smartphones, smart TV, digital tablets, smartwatches, service robots, etc.) to create intelligent services and spaces according to the vision of theWeb of Objects (Web of Things). The success of intelligent ambient robotics operating and collaborating with humans in daily living environments depends on their ability to generalize and learn human movements, and obtain a shared understanding of an observed scene. In this context, human daily activity recognition, human emotion recognition, and human intention anticipation are the most challenging cognitive capabilities that should be integrated with any AAL system to guarantee the people's well-being and safety in the ambient intelligence environments. However, to efficiently integrate those capabilities in a highly dynamic environment, multiple modalities sensing systems combined with complex knowledge representation and fusion techniques are required.The objective of this thesis is to propose novel hybrid approaches that enable the AAL system to detect the emotional states, actions, and intentions of users, taking advantage of their context and the benefits of combining data-driven and knowledge-based techniques.The contributions of this thesis can be summarized as follows:Le paradigme de l'Internet des Robots et des objets (IoRT) étend la portée du concept traditionnel de l'internet des objets en dotant n'importe quel objet des trois principales fonctions typiques de tout système robotique : la perception, l'actionnement et le contrôle. Du domaine de la robotique en nuage (cloud robotics) au domaine des systèmes cognitifs en nuage (Cognitive Cloud) pour l'Internet des Robots et des objets (IoRT), il y a un consensus croissant sur la nécessité d'accroitre les capacités cognitives des objets et des robots connectés produits aujourd'hui. L'ancrage est une capacité cognitive importante que doit posséder tout système IoRT. Ce concept est défini comme le processus de création et de maintien des associations entre les descriptions et les informations perceptuelles correspondant aux mêmes objets physiques. Dans la majorité des tâches, les robots doivent percevoir ou interagir avec des objets physiques de leur environnement ; souvent, ils doivent aussi communiquer et raisonner sur les objets et leurs propriétés. Les informations sur les objets sont généralement produites, représentées et utilisées de différentes manières dans divers sous-systèmes robotiques. En particulier, les sous-systèmes de haut niveau raisonnent souvent sur les propriétés et descriptions des objets, tandis que les sous-systèmes de bas niveau utilisent des représentations basées sur les données capteurs. Contrairement aux humains, dans les systèmes multi-agents, les agents peuvent échanger des descriptions et des informations perceptuelles selon le paradigme «voir le monde à travers les yeux des autres».Cette thèse vise à proposer un cadre générique permettant de mettre en œuvre des mécanismes d'ancrages symboliques des observations des systèmes IoRT dans un contexte dynamique. Il s’agit ici d’aller au-delà des approches actuelles qui se focalisent essentiellement sur l’ancrage statique. Ce cadre sera structuré en deux niveaux :•Au niveau bas, le cadre exploitera les approches orientées données et notamment celles basées sur l’apprentissage automatique afin de mettre en œuvre une couche de fusion des données sensorielles de bas niveau. Ce cadre vise en particulier à mettre en œuvre une méthode de reconnaissance coopérative de l'intention humaine et des activités humaines tenant compte de l’incertitude dans les observations.•Au niveau haut, le cadre représentera l'information dynamique (encrage dynamique) en utilisant des modèles conceptuels, permettant d'associer différents types de descriptions d'objets aux informations perceptuelles hétérogènes.•Des simulations et des expérimentations de cas d’utilisation réels seront mises en œuvre pour la validation du cadre proposé

Utility of renal ultrasound for morphofunctional evaluation of potential renal donors, renal transplant recipients and renal donors

Abstract Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage renal failure as it results in improved patient survival and quality of life as compared to dialysis. Accurate study of renal function and morphology for potential kidney donors is essential to ensure that no harm from donation is incurred. The gold standard to assess renal function is the measurement of Glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, GFR is often estimated from serum creatinine (SCr), serum cystatin C (SCys), or creatinine clearance (CCr), Otherwise, GFR is predicted using formulas based on SCr or SCys. Ultrasound scanning evaluates morphology and dimensions of kidneys. Aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility to obtain, by means of renal sonography, information useful to evaluate renal function in the setting of living kidney donation. Preliminary data obtained from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients indicated that information useful to evaluate renal function can be obtained by means of renal echography. On the basis of these results we planned further studies first in kidney donors after donation and in renal transplant recipients to evaluate the relationship among renal dimensions and renal function and we found that the correlation of kidney length with GFR was greater than that of S Cr or S Cys, and similar to that of Cockcroft–Gault formula (CG-CCr) or the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula (MDRD) – GFR. Accuracy of kidney length as an indicator of GFR impairment was not statistically different from laboratory tests. Only in donors did CG-CCr show better accuracy. The second study in potential donors to assess the accuracy of the tests employed to estimate GFR and we found that the correlation with GFR was statistically significant for SCys and for all estimates, but not for SCr. CCr showed a poor agreement with GFR, with a large range of agreement and a marked and significant overestimation of GFR (33.8 mL/min). The accuracy of CG-CCr and MDRD-GFR as indicators of a GFR < 80 mL/min was better than that of Cys-GFR and CCr. However, their mean prediction errors versus GFR were relevant. Renal dimensions, particularly renal volume, showed a good correlation with GFR. The correlation was higher than that of all prediction equations. Then, we performed a last study to evaluate the possibility to predict GFR from echograpohic renal dimensions in potential kidney donors and we found that The estimates of GFR obtained from renal volumes resulted more closely correlated with measured GFR than CG-CCr, MDRD-GFR, and Cys-GFR. Their mean difference with measured GFR was null. GFR estimated from renal volumes had also a better agreement with measured GFR and a lower prediction error versus GFR than the other prediction formulas (18.3 VS 22-34 mL/min). Finally, GFR values predicted from renal volumes were quite accurate as indicators of GFR < 80 mL/min. in conclusion until valid alternatives have been proposed and validated; the reference method for the direct measurement of GFR remains the only accurate method to evaluate renal function in potential living kidney donors. Renal sonography is useful complement in donor screening, providing not only morphologic but also functional information. In particular, from the measurement of renal volumes, it is possible to estimate GFR more accurately and with a lower prediction error than using formulas based on SCr and SCys. However, the prediction error remains quite high