A Vertical and Horizontal Intelligent Dataset Reduction Approach for Cyber-Physical Power Aware Intrusion Detection Systems

The Cypher Physical Power Systems (CPPS) became vital targets for intruders because of the large volume of high speed heterogeneous data provided from the Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS). The Nonnested Generalized Exemplars (NNGE) algorithm is one of the most accurate classification techniques that can work with such data of CPPS. However, NNGE algorithm tends to produce rules that test a large number of input features. This poses some problems for the large volume data and hinders the scalability of any detection system. In this paper, we introduce VHDRA, a Vertical and Horizontal Data Reduction Approach, to improve the classification accuracy and speed of the NNGE algorithm and reduce the computational resource consumption. VHDRA provides the following functionalities: (1) it vertically reduces the dataset features by selecting the most significant features and by reducing the NNGE's hyperrectangles. (2) It horizontally reduces the size of data while preserving original key events and patterns within the datasets using an approach called STEM, State Tracking and Extraction Method. The experiments show that the overall performance of VHDRA using both the vertical and the horizontal reduction reduces the NNGE hyperrectangles by 29.06%, 37.34%, and 26.76% and improves the accuracy of the NNGE by 8.57%, 4.19%, and 3.78% using the Multi-, Binary, and Triple class datasets, respectively.This work was made possible by NPRP Grant # NPRP9-005-1-002 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).Scopu

Assessment of the Activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase, Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase and Alkaline Phosphatase in Breast Cancer Patients with and without Lymph Node Metastasis

Background: Breast cancer has the highest cancer incidence in women and is one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and other enzymes are vital metabolic enzymes that are associated with cancer development, invasion, and metastasis. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the LDH, Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the circulation of patients of breast cancer in different stages and tried to correlate levels with the disease stage and duration of breast cancer with and without lymph node involvement. Methods: LDH, GGT, and ALP were analyzed by means of the spectrophotometer, Biosystem device and reagents, serum samples were used for measurement. Results: GGT and LDH had a significant difference with P.value 0.022 and 0.001 respectively between stages II and III, while ALP didn't show a significant difference. Conclusion: This data concluded that enzyme markers like serum LDH and GGT could be sensitive, specific and cost effective biomarkers for diagnosing carcinoma of the breast and for monitoring its progressio

Evaluation of Serum Gonadotropin and Prolactin Level among Sudanese Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Background: Generally, patients on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure also have endocrine defects and sexual function disorders. In this study, we aimed to assess the serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in patients with chronic renal failure. Methods: This hospital-based case–control study was conducted at Jabal Aulia Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. The study was carried out between August 2019 and February 2020. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled – 50 chronic renal failure patients and 50 as controls. The serum hormones were estimated using Tosoh 360. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the results. Results: The serum PRL, LH, and FSH were significantly increased among chronic renal failure patients than their healthy counterparts (p-value = 0.000). The age of patients was positive correlated with plasma hormones, PRL (r = 0.332, p = 0.001), LH (r = 0.387, p = 0.000), and FSH (r = 0.320, p = 0.001). No correlation was found between the duration of the disease and serum hormones. Conclusion: Patients with chronic renal failure had a highly significant increase of serum PRL, LH, and FSH and also the age of the patients was positively correlated with serum hormones. Keywords: chronic renal failure, prolactin, gonadotropin, hemodialysi

Effect of plowing depths and type of transmission system on the performance of agricultural tractors under clay soil condition

  The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the University of Gedarif during summer season of 2016 at a soil moisture content of 7.24% and bulk density of 1.4 g/cm3. Three types of tractors with different transmission systems were used in this study, the transmission systems were conventional, powershift and combination of conventional and powershift. The tested parameters were drawbar power, fuel consumption, wheel slip and field capacity.  To evaluate the tested parameters, three different depths were used, namely, 15, 20 and 25 cm. A completely randomized block design with four replications was used to execute the experiment. The statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference (p ≥0.05) between the tractors in drawbar power for the plowing depths of 15 and 20 cm, while there was a significant difference (p ≥0.05) between conventional and the other two tractors for the depth of 25cm; it produced the least power

EOR用ポリマーのレオロジー特性と油層岩石中の流動抵抗

制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:甲858号 ; 学位の種類:工学博士 ; 授与年月日:1991-02-07 ; 早大学位記番号:新1666 ; 理工学図書館請求番号:1419早稲田大

Soil Moisture Contents as a Determining Factor Machinery Selection

       A simulation model to predict the daily fluctuations of soil moisture  content was developed using the Versatile Soil Moisture  Budget (VSMB) equation by employing pascal computer language.  The model was tested against actual  field data and showed fairly accurate results.  The correlation coefficient 0.99

Employing the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) to Impose Universal Jurisdiction Regarding Cyber-Terrorism

Objective: the development of wireless technologies and digital infrastructure has radically changed the human habitat, giving rise to a new type of space -a cyberspace. The uniqueness and peculiarities of this environment, including anonymity, boundlessness and problems related to the determination and establishment of jurisdiction, have become a breeding ground for the emergence of a new global threat - cyberterrorism. The latter is characterized by a high level of latency, low detection rate and incomparably greater danger than “real world” crimes. Countering new forms of crime has required the development of universal tools that overcome the limitations of traditional jurisdiction and allow states to prosecute terrorists in cyberspace. Identifying the relevant tools and identifying the political-legal obstacles to their implementation is the objective of this study. Methods: to achieve the set goal the formal-legal method was used to analyze legal sources, including judicial practice, national legislation, and international acts. The doctrinal approach was also used, which allowed, on the basis of scientific works and theoretical constructions, explaining the complexity of the modern phenomena and predicting their future development. This said, the main focus is on criminals to prove their antagonism with humanity in accordance with theoretical views. Finally, the study analyzes the theories of universal and traditional jurisdiction and how they are applied to prosecute terrorists.Results: the paper provides a critical analysis, reviewing and adapting the concept of jurisdiction as applied to a global, borderless and decentralized digital environment (cyberspace) and to the struggle against new forms of terrorism (cyberterrorism). Various jurisdictional models applicable in cyberspace are presented. The author bridges the gap between the main branches of law: international private law and public law by linking, in relation to cyberterrorism, the two theories: the “responsibility to protect” (R2P) theory and the application of universal jurisdiction. The trends of universal jurisdiction development are revealed.Scientific novelty: the study develops the accumulated scientific knowledge while justifying the introduction of foreign jurisdiction in a state territory to prosecute cyberterrorists. It also establishes a link between the theory of universal jurisdiction in private international law and the “responsibility to protect” (R2P) theory in public international law, recognizing the latter as a relevant basis for the introduction of universal jurisdiction over cyberterrorism. Such traditional concepts as sovereignty and jurisdictional independence are reviewed. The gap related to the consideration of cyberterrorism as a crime against humanity in international law is bridged.Practical significance: the implementation of the proposed conclusions will contribute to the strengthening of international prosecution of cyberterrorism and harmonize the international and national legal tools to struggle against this crime

Soil Moisture Content as a Determining Factor for Machinery Selection

By applying the soil moisture content (SMC) prediction model to the weather data for the period from 1981-1993, the suitable workdays were obtained. Testing these results from the Rahad Scheme data records showed high significance. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.99. show the effect of timeliness cost, a utilization factor (Ut) was determined by dividing the available working days by the total days. The utilization factor is then adjusted using a range of reliability from 30-80% depending on spare part availability and skilled labour. Further analysis were made to demonstrate the effect of workable days on the selection of implement width and cost using good, bad and average rainy seasons and different levels of reliabilities. It was found that the machine width was by the rainfall frequency

Inflammatory Serine Proteases Play a Critical Role in the Early Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional alterations that can lead to heart failure. Several mechanisms are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of DCM, however, the molecular mechanism that links inflammation to DCM is incompletely understood. To learn about this mechanism, we investigated the role of inflammatory serine proteases (ISPs) during the development of DCM. METHODS: Eight weeks old mice with deletion of dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI), an enzyme involved in the maturation of major ISPs, and wild type (WT) mice controls were injected with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg for 5 days intraperitoneally) and studied after 4, 8, 16, and 20 week after induction of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Induction of diabetes was followed by echocardiographic measurements, glycemic and hemoglobulin A1c profiling, immunoblot, qPCR, enzyme activity assays, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of DPPI, ISPs, and inflammatory markers. Fibrosis was determined from left ventricular heart by Serius Red staining and qPCR. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay and immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: In the diabetic WT mice, DPPI expression increased along with ISP activation, and DPPI accumulated abundantly in the left ventricle mainly from infiltrating neutrophils. In diabetic DPPI-knockout (DPPI-KO) mice, significantly decreased activation of ISPs, myocyte apoptosis, fibrosis, and cardiac function was improved compared to diabetic WT mice. In addition, DPPI-KO mice showed a decrease in overall inflammatory status mediated by diabetes induction which was manifested by decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. CONCLUSION: This study elucidates a novel role of ISPs in potentiating the immunological responses that lead to the pathogenesis of DCM in T1DM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that DPPI expression and activation promotes the inflammation that enhances myocyte apoptosis and contributes to the adverse cardiac remodeling that subsequently leads to DCM