SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18–49, 50–69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population

Profile of peroxidative injury and antioxidant indicators in singleton, twins and multiple bearing goats throughout pregnancy

Objective: To investigate the changes in profile of the oxidant and antioxidant indicators throughout pregnancy in goats. Methods: Estrus in goats was synchronized using an intravaginal progestogen impregnated sponge and the buck was introduced in the herd during the experiment for breeding purpose. Serum nitric oxide (NO) as standard angiogenic marker, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as a cryoprotectant indicator, total peroxide (TPX) as a pathogenetic effector were measured, followed by calculation of OSI% (TPX/TAC) × 100 as a reflector of the oxidant/antioxidant status, and malondialdehyde were estimated. Results: Compared with values in singleton and twins bearing goats, TAC values in multiple bearing goats were higher in 4th month and lower in 5th month (P < 0.05). Values of TPX were lower in multiple bearing goats in 4th month and higher in 5th month (P < 0.05) when compared with singleton and twins bearing goats. In contrary, NO values started to increase from the 2nd month until 4th month of gestation in all pregnant goats. However, the NO was lower in 5th month (P < 0.05) in multiple bearing goats. Values of NO were negatively correlated with OSI% in all bearing goats. Conclusion: Knowing the relationship between the fetal number and oxidative stress indicators could be useful in the clinical management of such pregnancies and could be useful in the early detection or prediction adverse pregnancy outcome. Particularly, the 4th and 5th month of gestation increases the liability to reactive oxygen species in goats

Geological and Tectonic Setting of Andesitic Rock in Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

Objective. e current study aims to detect the geologic features, geochemical characteristics and tectonic setting of the investigated rock using eld observations and geochemical analyses. Research methods. is work contains both eld work (Collection samples and drawing of a new geological map) and laboratory work (preparation of thin sections for petrographic studies by polarizing microscope), X-ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF) in Institute of Biology, Southern Federal University and Mass-Spectrometer with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICPMS) at the central Laboratory of Russian Geological Institute. Result. Investigated andesitic rock belongs to Dokhan volcanic that located in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt a long Qena-Safaga Road. It is considered as one of the most important shear zones in Eastern Desert that includes distinctive rocks and economic mineral deposits. e investigated rock belongs to late to post tectonic magmatism of the East African Orogeny (EAO). Petrographically: Dokhan volcanic is represented by andesite according to petrographical studies. It consists of plagioclase, quartz, in addition to ma c minerals. Geochemically, the investigated andesite samples plotted in calk-alkaline nature. Conclusion. Tectonically, andesite samples fall in arc lava and continental elds. ey are enriched in Ba, Sr, Rb, K, Nb and Ce with marked depletion in the most HFSEs like those of island arc calc-alkaline series.Цель. Настоящее исследование направлено на выявление геологических особенностей, геохимических характеристик и тектонических условий исследуемой породы с помощью полевых наблюдений и геохимического анализа. Методы исследования включают в себя как полевые (сбор образцов и составление новой геологической карты), так и лабораторные работы (подготовка тонких разрезов для петрографических исследований с помощью поляризационного микроскопа), атомную абсорбцию, рентгеновский флуоресцентный анализ (XRF) Геологическое и тектоническое положение андезитов и масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой (ICP-MS) в лаборатории Геологического института РАН. Результат. Исследуемая андезитовая порода относится к вулкану Дохан, который расположен в Центрально-Восточной пустыне Египта, по дороге Кения-Сафага. Он считается одной из важнейших зон сдвига в Восточной пустыне, которая включает в себя отличительные породы и экономические месторождения полезных ископаемых. Исследуемая порода относится к позднему посттектоническому магматизму восточноафриканской орогении (EAO). Вулкан Дохан сложен андезитом по петрографическим исследованиям. Он состоит из плагиоклаза, кварца в дополнение к мафическим минералам. Геохимически исследованные образцы андезита имеют известково-щелочную природу. Заключение. Тектонически, андезит попадает в поля островодужных и континентальных базальтов. Они обогащены Ba, Sr, Rb, K2 O и Zr с заметным обеднением большинства HFSE, таких как известково-щелочные островодужные серии

Effects of Bleomycin, Selenium, and Vitamin E on Male Fertility: A Review

Bleomycin (BL) is a glycopeptide antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus that is commonly used in the treatment of human cancer. However, BL has been linked to several cases of male infertility in humans and animals. Vitamin E requires vascular transport to the liver after absorption, which is primarily facilitated by tocopheroltransfer protein. Vitamin E acts as a peroxyl radical scavenger as an antioxidant, preventing free radical propagation in tissues by reacting with them to form a tocopheryl radical, which is reduced by a hydrogen donor and returns to its reduced state. Because of its solubility, it is incorporated into cell membranes, protecting them from oxidative damage. Vitamin E plays critical roles in improving reproductive efficiency and mitigating the negative effects of several reproductive toxicants. Selenium is a trace element found in soil, water, and certain foods. It is thought to be an essential component that actively participates in a variety of metabolic pathways and plays a variety of important roles in the body. Among these functions are participation in various enzyme systems and anti-oxidative cellular processes. Selenium is required for the detoxification of harmful metals from the human body, foetal breathing, energy transfer reactions, and sperm cell formation. It is thought that a lack of selenium contributes to male infertility because it causes degradation in the testicular tissues, which leads to impaired active sperm motility as the first sign of impending infertility. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings related to BL-adverse effects of male fertility and the beneficial effects of selenium and vitamin E on the reproduction and male fertility