Managing Dietary Energy Intake by Broiler Chickens to Reduce Production Costs and Improve Product Quality

Feeding constitutes the highest variable cost in poultry production, accounting for at least 60% of such costs, especially in an intensive rearing system. Energy intake is an essential factor in broiler production because of its involvement in growth rate, carcass quality as well as its role in the development of certain metabolic diseases. Dietary energy is supplied in broiler nutrition through different feed resources. Dietary energy content strongly regulates feed consumption, and energy is the most expensive item in poultry diets. At the same time, excess energy intake may result in an increased fat deposition, which affects meat quality and consumer health. This chapter explores the implication of imbalance in energy intake, possible nutritional strategies to restrict energy intake without reducing performance and hence improving meat quality

Effect of Multilevel Inverter Supply on Core Losses in Magnetic Materials and Electrical Machines

The effect of multilevel inverter supply on power losses in magnetic cores and electrical machines is studied. A dynamic numerical model for the hysteresis, eddy current, and excess losses in a core lamination is first developed. By both measurements and simulations for a ring-core inductor, we demonstrate how increasing the number of inverter voltage levels decreases the iron losses when compared with traditional two-level supply. Although the switching frequency has a significant impact on the iron losses in the case of a traditional two-level inverter, using three or five voltage levels makes the losses almost independent of the switching. Finally, finite-element simulations show that simi-lar reductions are also possible for the core losses of 150-kVA and 12.5-MW wound-field synchronous machines, in which rather low switching frequencies are typically used. Calorimetric loss measurements are also presented for the 150-kVA machine in order to confirm the significant effect of switching frequency on the core losses with two-level inverter supply.Peer reviewe

Optimization of Reduction Process of Egyptian Ilmenitevia Metallothermic reactions

It is important to develop technologies for the production of master alloys for industrial applications. Detailed research on reduction of titanium from Egyptian ilmenite by an aluminothermic process in a graphite Crucible was charged by the mixture of ilmenite, flux, aluminum was investigated. This paper study the effect of aluminum feed (10%- 35%), flux material (type, and amount), and temperature preheat from 50 oC to 400 oC and time of preheating from 0.5 hr. to 3 hrs.  Then, the metallic samples formed by the reduction were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. The mixed fluxes were strongly and successfully reduced ilmenite to a high-purity master alloy with small amounts of detected impurities. Key words: Aluminothermic, Egyptian ilmenite, flux, ferrotitanium, master alloy DOI: 10.7176/CMR/11-7-04 Publication date:September 30th 2019

Analysing Properties of Asphalt Concrete Modified with Crumb Rubber Compare to Other Mixture

Several  researchers have been undertake in finding alternative materials in order to be used as a modifier in asphalt mixture for the purpose of improving its properties. This research presents a study of laboratory evaluation on the performance of hot-mixed asphalt (HMA) using crumb rubber as an additive. It is noted that crumb rubber was identified to have potency as a modifier in HMA due to the elastic behavior exposed by the rubber particles, especially in reducing the rutting potential. This study fine crumb rubber Shred (2.36-0.85 mm) obtained by ambient-temperature grinding process from discarded truck tires, was used to modify asphalt concert. The fine crumb rubber with different contents, i.e. 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, was incorporated into the mixture by using dry and wet process method in differentent temperatures. The Marshal properties, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Indirect Tensile Strength test (ITS) and Indirect Tensile Strength Modulus (ITSM), Permeability   were conducted. The result showed that marshal stability, Marshal Quotient, Voids in Mix (VIM) and Voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) decreased with the increasing crumb rubber modifier. However, Marshal Flow and Void filled with asphalt (VFWA) increased when crumb rubber modifier was increased. The crumb rubber asphalt mixture result indicated has increased amount of crumb rubber in asphalt concrete mixture will decrease the Marshall Stability and permeability test shows that asphalt concrete without crumb rubber lower than AC with crumb rubber strength compare to other mixture

Closure to Discussion on “Effect of Multilevel Inverter Supply on Core Losses in Magnetic Materials and Electrical Machines”

Peer reviewe

The Effect of Common-Mode Voltage Elimination on the Iron Loss in Machine Core Laminations of Multilevel Drives

This paper studies the effect of common-mode voltage elimination (CMVE) on the iron loss of electrical machine core laminations under multilevel converter supply. Three identical magnetic ring cores are excited by either a three-level converter or a five-level voltage source converter to study the behavior of CMVE on a three-phase system. Both multilevel converters are controlled by using a space vector pulse width modulation as it is one of the most often used techniques for CMVE. These experimental results are confirmed numerically with a dynamic iron loss model. In addition, the effect of CMVE, at different switching frequencies, on the core loss of a synchronous machine is numerically studied. The results presented in this paper show that the core loss is considerably increased when the CMVE is implemented. However this iron loss increase in five-level drive systems is lower compared to the three-level ones. Therefore, it is important that the designers of drive systems take such effects into consideration.Peer reviewe

Harnessing Agricultural Services Centers for Agricultural Extension Services: A case Study Gezira state-Wad Medani Great Locality, Sudan

Agricultural Services Centers expect to plays an important role in facilitate marketing of most agricultural commodities such as seeds, feed, fertilizers and pesticides. This paper attempts to realize the Importance of agricultural services centers in supporting agricultural extension services in the study area. The study based on two sources of data, primary and secondary, the primary quantitative and qualitative data were collected from field survey using structured questionnaire (in-depth and repeated interview) which designed and pre-tested. Fifty seven respondents (members ASCs) were randomly selected to represent the study population. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for data analysis (Descriptive Statistic) in addition to correlation and regression analysis to test significant level of variables. The findings indicated that 98% of the respondents were explained that the link with farmers was direct link, 53% stated that the farmers they visits them to get information. 90% of the respondents reported that they provided farmers with input and information, 98% of them explained that their source of inputs was imported companies, and 91% explained that their method to present the information to the farmers was personal explanation. The results of correlation and regression analysis showed Education level had high significant correlation with link with extension (.001) the value (.430), High significant correlation also with the link with extension and Components that you consider more useful in giving information sig (.000) value (.772) and the available components in case of problem sig (.000) value (.774). Imported companies had significant regression value (.457 beta) (.042) in information exchange other partners had no significant. Conclusion: Agricultural Services Centers enhance the role of agricultural extension through marketing of most agricultural commodities. The paper recommends that the service centers workers should look after the recommended information and follow up their inputs after sailing process to the farmers, the extension view should be more than the trading view

Medical Residents of Family Medicine Management of Depression, Anxiety and Burnout Syndrome in KSA

This study aimed at analyzing the Medical Residents of family medicine management of depression, anxiety and burnout syndrome in Kingdom Saudi Arabia. This study also describes the relationship between wellness behaviors and measures of well-being at the start of family medicine residency in Kingdom Saudi Arabia. The researcher adopted the Methodology of descriptive statistics. And the study concluded that the innovative curriculum and activities that focus on wellness behaviors and healthy lifestyle choices for physicians in training are needed. The ACGME mandate on implementation of duty hours for residents may show a positive effect in future generations of physicians. Family medicine programs can lead in creating additional institutional methodologies to support a culture of wellness for residents, faculty, and staff, thus promoting a lifelong commitment to self-care and an emphasis on prevention and health promotion for our patients.