Prediction of HB, TW, and LDH in normal and leukemia subjects using PLSR analysis

There are numerous applications of Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) in the medical field. For instance, the application of NIRs can be found in the process of determining a blood parameter which acts as biomarker of specific diseased. This paper proposed a non-invasive leukemia early stage screening technique based on blood hemoglobin (HB), total white cell (TW), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The spectral data was acquired by applying NIRs directly at human fingertip and laboratory data was acquired from standard blood drawing procedure. During PLSR analysis the spectral data was compared with laboratory data for validation. The correlative coefficient of prediction (RP) for normal dataset is 0.9168, 0.8876, and 0.8307 for HB, TW, and LDH respectively. The correlative coefficient of prediction (RP) for leukemia dataset is 0.8588, 0.8868, and 0.8307 for HB, TW, and LDH respectively. The blood parameter with the highest R and smallest difference between RMSEC and RMSEP for both normal and leukemia data sets are HB, TW, and LDH accordingly. The high correlation level between the predicted values and the reference values proves the potential of using NIR spectral information for non-invasive early stage leukemia screening

Greening tea consumtion / Maisarah Abd Rahim...[et al.]

Greening tea consumption would be one of the alternatives that help energizing innovative ecosystem. It is a way to reduce, reuse or recycle a waste thing which refers to reused tea bag and loose leaf tea. Tea bags or even loose leaf tea always can be used more than once, whether for a second cup of tea or by using it for numerous purposes. Rather throw it away to dustbin which is considered as a waste, it is better to reuse or recycle it for certain purposes. Imagines how much can we cut down our waste packaging which refer to individual tea bag whereby we have thrown out about 1095 tea bags each year assuming that we use only once a tea bag per cup and drinks on average three cups of tea per day. Tea bags and loose leaf teas can be multipurpose which they can be reused for cleaning, health and beauty, kitchen purpose, gardening, painting, dye fabrics, tell the future and self- analyze. As a conclusion, greening our tea consumption actually would give many good impact to our daily life which we are not realized on and would save our ecosystem in the future

Interest and aesthetic towards quatrains

Malay quatrain was introduced to students who studied Malay language and literature in the universities from all over the world. It is one of the Malay literature genres. Therefore, this study aims to introduce Malay quatrain among Korean learners. The objectives of the study are to investigate and discuss Korean students’ perceptions and aesthetic values toward Malay quatrains. The subjects of the study involved a class of 18 university students in one of the universities in South Korea. All of the subjects are majoring in Malay-Indonesian Interpretation and Translation, thus, they have been exposed to Malay quatrains in the previous semester. The subjects were interviewed informally on their perceptions toward Malay quatrains. The subjects were divided into groups of threes and fours in order for them to discuss the Malay quatrain. The results of the study found that the subjects showed great interest and understanding toward the Malay quatrain and moreover, they had learned the aesthetic values in the Malay quatrains. The study has given implication toward educators and students who studied Malay language and literature in appreciating the Malay quatrain. It is hoped that future research will investigate in depth on the aesthetic values of two stanzas of Malay quatrains

The rights of illegitimate children in Malaysia from the perspectives of civil and Islamic laws / Muhammad Asnawi Mohamad Rais … [et al.]

This research aims to look at the rights of illegitimate children in Malaysia from the perspective of both civil and Islamic laws. Illegitimate children are children who were conceived during unlawful unions and are generally deprived of their rights to live as ordinary children. Hence, this research focuses on establishing a Legitimacy Act for illegitimate children. At present, the welfare of the illegitimate children is under the concern of the National Registration Department (JPN) and the Department of Social Welfare Malaysia (JKM) concerning the status of illegitimate children being legalized by way of adoption. From the research it is found out that the rights of the illegitimate children are guaranteed by the Welfare Department by focusing on the interest and benefits of the children. However, there is no specific department to collect statistics and to update on the number of illegitimate children in Malaysia. This makes it difficult for the Welfare Department to locate and protect these children. For that reason, we would like to promote laws which govern both Muslim and non Muslim illegitimate children where the main focal point is to ensure they get equal rights to legitimate children. Therefore, in conclusion, the rights of illegitimate children should be protected by way of a single law governing protection for them. The measure is to ensure that they have the opportunity to live and lead a normal life without having to bear humiliation and disgrace by the society

Konflik emosi dalam lirik lagu 'Nipah oh Nipah'

Kajian ini memberikan tumpuan terhadap konflik emosi melalui ujaran pelajar sekolah rendah di Selangor. Ujaran pelajar adalah melalui lirik lagu ‘Nipah oh Nipah’ dari Siri Si Pekaka Bercerita, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti dan membincangkan ujaran pelajar terhadap lirik lagu. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 20 subjek daripada beberapa buah kelas di sebuah sekolah di Selangor. Subjek diberi peluang untuk mendengar lagu ‘Nipah oh Nipah’ sebanyak 10 kali. Mereka diberi peluang untuk berbincang bersama rakan yang lain tentang makna lirik lagu tersebut. Selepas itu, subjek ditemu bual tentang emosi yang terkandung dalam lirik lagu tersebut. Ujaran daripada temu bual dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis wacana. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa subjek memberikan ujaran yang mengandungi konflik emosi melalui lirik lagu tersebut. Subjek dapat mengenal pasti emosi yang berlainan daripada setiap pokok nipah

Solubility of carbamazapine-saccharin (cbz-sac) co-crystals in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution

Co-crystals as well as pharmaceutical co-crystals indicates crystalline molecular complexes of two or more neutral molecules which allows two or more crystal components to bind in a single crystalline lattice without making new covalent bonds or breaking them. Co-crystals play a critical role in the pharmaceutical industries as it can be used to improve the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as stability, dissolution rate, solubility and mechanical properties. There are several factors that affect the properties of APIs especially solubility as most of the drugs in pharmaceutical industries being consumed by human that need to be made with highly soluble. In this study, the effect of ratio of solvent (ethanol/water) was studied on carbamazepine (CBZ), saccharin (SAC), and carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal solubility in polymer solution (polyvinylpyrrolidone-PVP). CBZ-SAC co-crystals were crystallized using cooling co-crystallization techniques and mixed based on selected molar ratio of 1:1 and based on stoichiometric coefficient of the theoretical co-crystals structure. The co-crystals produced were characterized using X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Polymer solution was prepared by dissolving PVP different ratios of ethanol/water. It was found that as ratio of ethanol/water solvent decreased, the solubility of CBZ, SAC and CBZ-SAC co-crystals increased. Thus, the ratio of the solvent used (ethanol/water) does affect the solubility trends of the CBZ, SAC, and CBZ-SAC co-crystals in PVP solution

Conflict in translation of children folklore songs

TRANSLATION is a process where a person has to go through reading several times in order to have a good text. A person who is good in translation will know the target language very well. As such, that person will be able to understand the text very well and the process of comprehensibility, predictability and readability [1] will take place smoothly. A translator work is considered as tedious since the translator has to go through the process over and over again. At present, machine translation has played a major role in making the process easier and faster as compared to the traditional dictionary. Translation in a classroom will take place in a second language classroom. As such, the process of translation will be taught in the beginning of the class. The students who involve in the translation process will go through the same process as the person who is good in translation [2]. Subsequently, the students will have conflict in translation since they have not mastered the language

Carrageenan-nanocomposite film incorporated with bentong ginger extracts for active food packaging : synthesis and characterization

Bentong Ginger (BG), Malaysia patented ginger consist of various bioactive compounds such as gingerols which account for the various pharmacological benefits in human including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer. This study was conducted to analyze the potential of BG extracts different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 % v/v) incorporated in plasticized carrageenan nanocellulose (CN) as active film packaging in foods. The bioactive constituents in BG extracts were identified using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) and the possible interaction between the carrageenan-nanocellulose film network and BG were confirmed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The effects of BG extracts formulated in CN film on the antioxidant release, physical and mechanical properties of the films were studied. The CN film with 20% BG showed the best improvement on its tensile strength, elongation at break, thickness, opacity, water solubility and moisture content. Antioxidant release test showed continuous release of antioxidant and total phenolic content in food simulant 95 % food simulants for 28 days. This study validated that incorporation of BG extract can a promising natural additive for active packaging materials

A study on the EBG and AMC on radial line slot array structure at 28 GHz

This paper is a study on the electromagnetic band gap (EBG) and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) on the radial line slot array (RLSA) antenna structure at a frequency of 28 GHz. The RLSA antenna is known based on its characteristic which has high gain, durable, simple structures, high efficiency and low cost of fabricating. This project is focusing on the study of the RLSA antenna with the Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) and Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) with analyzes the effect of number EBG and AMC structures applied to the antenna. It enhances the performances of the RLSA antenna before the EBG structure is added. This may be due to eliminating the several numbers of slots on the radiating plate is the reason for the present number of EBG structures applied to it. The lowest value of S11 for eight (8) units EBG is -41.4686 dB at a frequency of 29.86 GHz, the directivity value is 25.60 dBi and realizes a gain of 25.26 dB at a frequency of 28 GHz. While the AMC structure can reduce the side lobes from -2.7 dB for non-element of AMC to -1.7 dB for eight (8) and nine (9) elements. This RLSA antenna with AMC and EBG produces high directivity which is 26.10 dBi compared to conventional RLSA antenna which is 21.70 dBi. This antenna can also be used as widely applications such as RADAR and satellite communication

Water Quality of Batang Ai Reservoir And its inflow (Engkari River)

Water quality of river and reservoir is important to be monitored so that it is not harmful to both human and environment. For Batang Ai Reservoir, it is used for aquaculture purpose which could affect the water bodies there. Engkari River also needs to be monitored as it is one of the main inflows of the reservoir. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of aquaculture on the water quality of Batang Ai Reservoir and determine the water quality of Engkari River. Five sampling stations were selected consisting of inflow area, reservoir and near outflow of reservoir where water sample was taken at sub-surface and bottom of the river. The range of results for the waterquality parameters were TSS (1.67 – 37.63 mg/L), BOD5 (2.4 – 7.53 mg/L), NitriteN (0.0113 – 0.0158 mg/L), TP (25.59 - 1140.41 µg/L) and TKN (0.4841 – 2.289 mg/L). Most of the higher readings came from the bottom of the station near the aquaculture and residential area. Conductivity ranged from 19 – 66 µS/cm and was higher at bottom compared to the sub-surface. The highest concentration of heavy metals detected was zinc with the range of 0.014 – 0.191 mg/L