12 research outputs found

    Development of active control devices taking into account the carrying vehicle dynamic and the field elevation

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    Le relief reprĂ©sente une perturbation de l’épandage, qui n’est pas encore gĂ©rĂ©e par les Ă©pandeurs centrifuges des engrais minĂ©raux. Pour combler cette lacune, nous proposons de dĂ©velopper un nouveau dispositif de commande. Un modĂšle est d’abord dĂ©veloppĂ© afin d’avoir des cartes d’application mettant en exergue les erreurs d’application dans divers cas du relief. Il utilise une technique de mise Ă  jour des conditions initiales des vols balistiques en tenant compte des angles d’inclinaison du tracteur Ă  chaque point de la trajectoire. Les simulations effectuĂ©es montrent que les amplitudes de surdosage et de sous-dosage peuvent atteindre ±40%, et sont dues Ă  la modification de la portĂ©e des particules comparĂ©e Ă  la situation sur un terrain plat. Les reliefs irrĂ©guliers sont les plus affectĂ©s Ă  cause de la diffĂ©rence d’inclinaison entre le tracteur et la surface d’épandage, tandis que seule la gravitĂ© agit dans le cas de reliefs rĂ©guliers. En tenant compte de ces rĂ©sultats, un systĂšme qui commande l’inclinaison des disques est proposĂ© car il est capable de corriger les Ă©carts de portĂ©e des particules tout en ciblant les zones fortement affectĂ©es. Les lois de commande sont dĂ©duites de la rĂ©solution d’un problĂšme d’optimisation. L’objectif y est de minimiser la somme des Ă©carts quadratiques de portĂ©e d’un nombre limitĂ© de particules reprĂ©sentatives de la dĂ©formation de la nappe statique. Cette approche de correction permet de rĂ©duire les erreurs d’application Ă  l’intervalle admissible de ±10%, mĂȘme en prĂ©sence de changements d’attitude de haute frĂ©quence du tracteur.Non-flat fields represent a disturbance for fertilizer spreading, that is not handled yet by centrifugal spreaders. To bridge this gap, a new control device is proposed. A model is build first to derive application rate maps highlighting application errors in several cases. It uses an updating technique of ballistic flights initial conditions, taking into account the tractor orientation. The simulations conducted show that overapplication and underapplication may reach ±40%, and that they stem from altered particles range compared to that on a flat field. Irregular fields are the most affected due to the difference between the tractor and spread surface inclination, while only the gravity acts on regular fields. These results allowed retaining a system based on discs inclination, because it can both correct the particles range and target the most affected areas. The control laws are deduced from solving an optimization problem. Its objective is minimizing the sum of quadratic range errors of a limited number of particles representative of the static the spread pattern deformation. This approach allows reducing the application errors to ±10%

    Développement de systÚmes actifs d'épandage prenant en compte la dynamique du véhicule porteur et le relief du terrain

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    Non-flat fields represent a disturbance for fertilizer spreading, that is not handled yet by centrifugal spreaders. To bridge this gap, a new control device is proposed. A model is build first to derive application rate maps highlighting application errors in several cases. It uses an updating technique of ballistic flights initial conditions, taking into account the tractor orientation. The simulations conducted show that overapplication and underapplication may reach ±40%, and that they stem from altered particles range compared to that on a flat field. Irregular fields are the most affected due to the difference between the tractor and spread surface inclination, while only the gravity acts on regular fields. These results allowed retaining a system based on discs inclination, because it can both correct the particles range and target the most affected areas. The control laws are deduced from solving an optimization problem. Its objective is minimizing the sum of quadratic range errors of a limited number of particles representative of the static the spread pattern deformation. This approach allows reducing the application errors to ±10%.Le relief reprĂ©sente une perturbation de l’épandage, qui n’est pas encore gĂ©rĂ©e par les Ă©pandeurs centrifuges des engrais minĂ©raux. Pour combler cette lacune, nous proposons de dĂ©velopper un nouveau dispositif de commande. Un modĂšle est d’abord dĂ©veloppĂ© afin d’avoir des cartes d’application mettant en exergue les erreurs d’application dans divers cas du relief. Il utilise une technique de mise Ă  jour des conditions initiales des vols balistiques en tenant compte des angles d’inclinaison du tracteur Ă  chaque point de la trajectoire. Les simulations effectuĂ©es montrent que les amplitudes de surdosage et de sous-dosage peuvent atteindre ±40%, et sont dues Ă  la modification de la portĂ©e des particules comparĂ©e Ă  la situation sur un terrain plat. Les reliefs irrĂ©guliers sont les plus affectĂ©s Ă  cause de la diffĂ©rence d’inclinaison entre le tracteur et la surface d’épandage, tandis que seule la gravitĂ© agit dans le cas de reliefs rĂ©guliers. En tenant compte de ces rĂ©sultats, un systĂšme qui commande l’inclinaison des disques est proposĂ© car il est capable de corriger les Ă©carts de portĂ©e des particules tout en ciblant les zones fortement affectĂ©es. Les lois de commande sont dĂ©duites de la rĂ©solution d’un problĂšme d’optimisation. L’objectif y est de minimiser la somme des Ă©carts quadratiques de portĂ©e d’un nombre limitĂ© de particules reprĂ©sentatives de la dĂ©formation de la nappe statique. Cette approche de correction permet de rĂ©duire les erreurs d’application Ă  l’intervalle admissible de ±10%, mĂȘme en prĂ©sence de changements d’attitude de haute frĂ©quence du tracteur

    Achieving uniform spread patterns on non-flat fields by the control of fertilizer spreading

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    International audienceAim of the project : - Managing disturbances related to centrifugal fertilizer spreading (crop yield optimization) - Addressing disturbances related to the field elevation and its variation, to develop appropriate corrections - Bridging knowledge gap around over application and under-application on spread-patterns -Assessing the effectivness of the control solutions, in achieving uniform fertilizer distributio

    On-the-field simulation of fertilizer spreading: Part 3 – Control of disk inclination for uniform application on undulating fields

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    Prod 2019-43 Ă©quipe EA Ă©quipe SPE GESTAD AGROSUPInternational audienceTo improve the quality of fertiliser centrifugal spreading, several control devices have already been developed to manage some disruptions occurring on horizontal fields. However, controls which manage disruptions on non-flat fields due to changes in tractor attitude (pitch and roll) have not been developed. In this study, the design of a new control device is developed for a twin-disk spreader by considering two new degrees of freedom for each disk and controlling the longitudinal and lateral tilts of each disk. These tilt corrections are derived from solving a constrained optimization problem. The cost function is the weighted sum of squared differences between the travelled distances of the particles obtained in the considered topography and those that would have been obtained on a horizontal surface. The weighting coefficients are provided by the experimental angular mass flow distribution. In order to reduce the computation time and expect the use of the method for a real-time correction device, a simplified optimization problem is proposed. The method is assessed for three ground surface configurations: longitudinal slope break, side slope break and combined slopes. The simulation demonstrates that using the new control device the application errors are lower than 10% while they reach up to 40% without tilt correction. Moreover the study shows that the problem of optimization uniformity on non-flat fields can be solved computing the travelled distance for only a very few number of particles of mean diameter. This helps in reducing the computational time required to solve the optimization problem and in making possible the development of real-time control devices

    Modélisation de l'épandage centrifuge des engrais minéraux en vue de la compensation des effets du relief

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    National audiencePrésentation d'une méthode permettant la simulation parcellaire d'une distribution d'engrais minéraux, en vue d'optimiser les effets du relief

    Approche généralisant la simulation de l'épandage d'engrais au reliefs non-plats

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    International audienceEnsuring the uniformity of spread patterns is difficult due to several disturbance factors including non-flat fields. A better understanding of how the latter affect spread patterns can be achieved through simulation. For this purpose, the use of the hybrid approach when the spreader is no more horizontal is investigated. A radial bench is used to obtain the spread patterns in different configurations of the spreader tilt angle. The extracted angular distributions are used as input in the ballistic flight model along with the diameter distribution of the fertilizer, the drag force coefficient and the horizontal outlet angle. The spreader tilt angle is impacted on the initial conditions of the ballistic flights thanks to transformation matrices used in a change of the coordinate system. The measured and simulated spread patterns are found highly correlated which demonstrates that it can be relevant to use the hybrid approach in a dynamic simulation of fertilizer spreading on non-flat fields. The planned steps necessary to achieve the latter task are presented and discussed

    L'impact du tilt et de l'aplomb des Ă©pandeurs centrifuges sur l'Ă©pandage d'engrais: utilisation comme variables de contrĂŽle

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    International audienceThe uniformity of spread patterns is difficult to ensure in the presence of non-flat fields disturbances. In order to investigate the relevance of developing control devices intended to address this issue, disturbances on simple cases of slope and side-slope are assessed. For this purpose, single spread patterns are simulated on both cases and comparisons are made with the range of particles on a flat field. Then, other simulations are carried out while the spreader is put in configurations with tilt and side-tilt. The obtained results in the form of displacement fields show that the non-flat fields lead to a non-uniform skewing of spread patterns characterized by varying magnitudes and directions of displacements. When the spreader is set with tilt and side-tilt, a decrease in the magnitudes of displacement is observed. In addition, the control values of these angles are found smaller than the degrees of the field inclination. Thus, a control strategy is needed as well as a dynamic on-the-field simulation model that will help investigate the effects of disturbances and control on global spread patterns

    Procede de distribution uniforme d'un materiau sur des zones en pente au moyen d'un disperseur a disque et d'un disperseur de disque adapte a celui-ci

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    Une procédure de distribution uniforme de grain dans des situations avec inclinaison de sol différente est suggérée au moyen d'un diffuseur de disque, qui couvre un disque de distribution et l'organe de dosage affecté au disque de distribution. Dans l'ordre en raison du changement d'inclinaison du sol à compenser comme sous-fertilisation locale, les plans de l'invention ont provoqué des erreurs d'inclinaison qui - pendant le voyage sur ou prÚs d'une courbure du sol, présente une couronne disposée au moins en partie perpendiculairement est courbé le Disque Distributeur autour perpendiculairement vers l'avant d'un Axe de Traßnement arrangé, et / ou - pendant le Déplacement sur ou prÚs d'une Courbure du Terrain, qui présente au moins partiellement parallÚle vers l'avant une Couronne arrangée, est plié autour du Disque Distributeur à propos de parallÚle face à un axe de traßnée arrangé. En outre, l'invention concerne un disjoncteur de disque fourni pour l'exécution de cette procédure

    Procédé de distribution uniforme de matériaux granulaires dans les emplacements à l'inclinaison du sol différente au moyen d'un épandeur à rouleaux et épandeur à rouleaux associé

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    Une procédure de répartition uniforme du grain dans des situations avec inclinaison de sol différente est suggérée au moyen d'un diffuseur de disque, qui couvre un disque distributeur et l'organe de dosage du distributeur, auquel cas l'organe de dosage est au moyen d'une taxe et / ou d'un contrÎle. Mean up et zusteuerbar. Dans l'ordre, en raison de l'inclinaison du sol à compenser comme sous-fertilisation et sur-fertilisation, les plans de l'invention ont provoqué des erreurs de gauchissement avec courbure concave (et / ou convexe) du sol, qui se manifeste au moins en partie perpendiculairement vers l'avant. Couronne arrangée, qui devient d'abord augmentée (et / ou diminuée) puis diminuée au moyen du débit massique cible de l'Organe de dosage à Grit, cédée, (et / ou augmentée). En outre, l'invention concerne un disjoncteur de disque fourni pour l'exécution de cette procédure

    On-the-field simulation of fertilizer spreading: Part 2-Uniformity investigation

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    International audienceModern centrifugal spreaders use active control devices to manage various disturbances affecting the spreading uniformity on flat fields. Yet, non-flat fields that are also likely to cause application errors, are still not taken into consideration. This was highlighted in some experimental studies, limited to the case of single spread patterns on regular non-flat fields. In this study, overall spread patterns uniformity was investigated through simulation. The model used was presented in the paper (‘‘On-the-field simulation of fertilizer spreading: Part 1 – Modeling”). Using computer generated DEMs (digital elevation models), several cases were investigated: regular fields were represented by a longitudinal and side slope, and irregular fields by a longitudinal and side slope break. The results obtained were in the form of application rate maps, showing the areas of overapplication and underapplication. These areas were also characterized by the mean longitudinal and transverse application rates, which gave the application errors magnitudes. The latter were in the case of irregular fields, up to a maximum of +45%, and a minimum of 25%, around the theoretical value of 100% for a perfectly uniform area. These application errors were mainly attributable to altered ballistic flights range, caused by the difference between the tractor and spread surface inclination, and to a lesser extent, by the work of the gravity. These results allow bridging the knowledge gap around overall spread patterns uniformity on non-flat fields. They can also help in developing new active control devices
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